• International Journal of Internet, Broadcasting and Communication
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• 제11권3호
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• pp.49-58
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• 2019

Efficient evidential reasoning is an important issue in the development of advanced knowledge based systems. Efficiency is closely related to the design of problems solving methods adopted in the system. The explicit modeling of problem-solving structures is suggested for efficient and effective reasoning. It is pointed out that the problem-solving method framework is often too coarse-grained and too abstract to specify the detailed design and implementation of a reasoning system. Therefore, as a key step in developing a new reasoning scheme based on properties of the problem, the problem-solving method framework is expanded by introducing finer grained problem-solving primitives and defining an overall control structure in terms of these primitives. Once the individual components of the control structure are defined in terms of problem solving primitives, the overall control algorithm for the reasoning system can be represented in terms of a finite state diagram.

• 한국수학교육학회지시리즈C:초등수학교육
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• 제2권2호
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• pp.113-131
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• 1998

The purpose of this study is to investigate the relationships among affective characteristics, mathematical problem-solving abilities, and reasoning abilities of the 6th graders for mathematics, and to analyze whether the relationships have any differences according to the regions, which the subjects live. The results are as follows： First, self-awareness is the most important factor which is related mathematical problem-solving abilities and reasoning abilities, and learning habit and deductive reasoning ability have the most strong relationships. Second, for the relationships between problem-solving abilities and reasoning abilities, inductive reasoning ability is more related to problem-solving ability than deductive reasoning ability Third, for the regions, there is a significant difference between mathematical abilities and deductive reasoning abilities of the subjects.

• International Journal of Advanced Culture Technology
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• 제7권3호
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• pp.158-165
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• 2019

Knowledge based system includes tools for constructing, testing, validating and refining the system along with user interfaces. An important issue in the design of a complete knowledge based system is the ability to produce explanations. Explanations are not just a series of rules involved in reasoning track. More detailed and explicit form of explanations is required not only for reliable reasoning but also for maintainability of the knowledge based system. This requires the explanation mechanisms to extend from knowledge oriented analysis to task oriented explanations. The explicit modeling of problem solving structures is suggested for explanation generation as well as for efficient and effective reasoning. Unlike other explanation scheme such as feedback explanation, the detailed, smaller and explicit representation of problem solving constructs can provide the system with capability of quality explanation. As a key step to development for explanation scheme, the problem solving methods are broken down into a finer grained problem solving primitives. The system records all the steps with problem solving primitives and knowledge involved in the reasoning. These are used to validate the conclusion of the consultation through explanations. The system provides user interfaces and uses specific templates for generating explanation text.

• 한국초등과학교육학회지:초등과학교육
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• 제25권spc5호
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• pp.567-581
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• 2007

This study examined patterns of reasoning of both the scientifically-gifted and children of average ability as witnessed in their science problem solving skills. Science problem solving skills are one of the significant characteristics of scientifically gifted children, and by using methods such as individual interviews, inductive reasoning, abductive reasoning, and deductive reasoning, the characteristics of these children can be to be further explored and categorized. The study also compared the findings with those of average children. This study sought to determine efficient guidelines fur teaching the scientifically-gifted, to come up with basic materials for developing relevant programs, and to find suggestions for identifying such students. The results of the study are as follows: Firstly, the creative science problem solving skills of the scientifically-gifted were better than that of the average students. Secondly, all of the three reasoning patterns used revealed in creative science solving processes were different between the gifted and the average, especially in terms of abductive reasoning, which was proved to reveal the greatest distinction between the two groups.

• East Asian mathematical journal
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• 제31권2호
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• pp.145-165
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• 2015

The purpose of this study is to suggest how to go about teaching and learning secondary school algebra by analyzing problem-solving ability and problem-solving process through algebraic reasoning. In doing this, 393 students' data were thoroughly analyzed after setting up the exam questions and analytic standards. As with the test conducted with technical school students, the students scored low achievement in the algebraic reasoning test and even worse the majority tried to answer the questions by substituting arbitrary numbers. The students with high problem-solving abilities tended to utilize conceptual strategies as well as procedural strategies, whereas those with low problem-solving abilities were more keen on utilizing procedural strategies. All the subject groups mentioned above frequently utilized equations in solving the questions, and when that utilization failed they were left with the unanswered questions. When solving algebraic reasoning questions, students need to be guided to utilize both strategies based on the questions.

• 한국수학교육학회지시리즈A:수학교육
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• 제60권2호
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• pp.133-157
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• 2021

본 연구에서는 학생들의 생활과 밀접한 공간을 기반으로 한 비구조화된 문제를 개발하고 수업에 적용하였다. 이 과정에서 6학년 학생들의 공간 추론 능력으로는 외적 추론에 비해 내적 추론에서 어려움을 표했으며, 공간 추론이 수와 연산, 측정 등의 영역과 연계되어 활용될 때 그 수준이 더 높게 나타났다. 문제 해결 능력에서는 반성 요소가 미흡하게 나타났으며 초등 현장에서 온라인 환경에서의 협력과 수학적 모델링 학습이 적용 가능하다는 결과를 얻었다. 이를 통해 수학 교육 현장에 공간 학습과 실생활 문제 해결에 관한 의미 있는 시사점을 도출할 것으로 기대된다.

• 한국수학교육학회지시리즈A:수학교육
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• 제51권2호
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• pp.95-114
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• 2012

This study examines the use of ill-structured problem to help the 4th graders' problem solving and reasoning. It appears that children with good understanding of problem situation tend to accept the situation as itself rather than just as texts and produce various results with extraction of meaningful variables from situation. In addition, children with better understanding of problem situation show AR (algorithmic reasoning) and CR (creative reasoning) while children with poor understanding of problem situation show just AR (algorithmic reasoning) on their reasoning type.

• 한국수학교육학회지시리즈A:수학교육
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• 제55권3호
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• pp.251-279
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• 2016

There are many studies on 'how' students solve mathematical problems, but few of them sufficiently explained 'why' they have to solve the problems in their own different ways. As quantitative reasoning is the basis for algebraic reasoning, to scrutinize a student's way of dealing with quantities in a problem situation is critical for understanding why the student has to solve it in such a way. From our teaching experiments with two ninth-grade students, we found that emergences of a certain level of covariational reasoning were highly consistent across different types of problems within each participating student. They conceived the given problem situations at different levels of covariation and constructed their own quantity-structures. It led them to solve the problems with the resources accessible to their structures only, and never reconciled with the other's solving strategies even after having reflection and discussion on their solutions. It indicates that their own structure of quantities constrained the whole process of problem solving and they could not discard the structures. Based on the results, we argue that teachers, in order to provide practical supports for students' problem solving, need to focus on the students' way of covariational reasoning of problem situations.

• 대한수학교육학회지:학교수학
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.153-170
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• 2017

본 연구는 학생들의 추론 활동이 활발할 것으로 기대되는 개방형 문제와 학생들이 익숙해하는 선택형 문제에서 학생들이 문제를 해결하면서 보이는 추론의 유형과 추론 과정이 어떠한지 분석하였다. 그리고 개방형 문제 해결에서 추론을 증진시키는 교사의 역할에 대해 알아보았다. 선택형 문제에 비해 개방형 문제 해결에서 학생들은 더 다양한 추론 유형을 나타냈고, 추론이 연쇄적으로 진행되면서 확장되는 과정을 보여주었다. 개방형 문제에서는 학생들의 개연적 추론의 한 유형인 가추가 활발하였는데, 이에 따라 교사는 격려, 촉진, 안내의 역할을 하였다. 이에 교사는 수업과 평가에서 개방형 문제를 제시하고, 학생들이 추론에 어려움을 느낄 때 적절한 발문으로 학생들의 추론이 더욱 활발해지도록 돕는 역할을 해야 한다.

• 대한수학교육학회지:학교수학
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.85-107
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• 2012

본 연구에서는 문제해결에서 귀납적 추론의 과정을 분석하여 귀납적 추론의 단계를 0단계 문제 이해, 1단계 규칙성 인식, 2단계 자료 수집 실험 관찰, 3단계 추측(3-1단계)과 검증(3-2단계), 4단계 발전의 총 5단계로, 귀납적 추론의 흐름은 0단계에서 4단계로의 순차적인 흐름을 포함하여 자신이 찾은 규칙이나 추측에 대하여 반례를 발견하였을 때 대처하는 방식에 따라 다양하게 설정하였다. 또한 초등학교 6학년 학생 4명에 대한 사례 연구를 통하여 연구자가 설정한 귀납적 추론 단계와 흐름의 적절성을 확인하였고 귀납적 추론의 지도를 위한 시사점을 도출하였다.