• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.669-682
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• 2023

The production of distilled soju by fermenting nonsteamed rice was evaluated using commercial enzyme products. White koji and modified nuruk had alpha-amylase activities of 31.90 U/g and 3,532.71 U/g, respectively, and gluco-amylase activities of 698.32 U/g and 4,899.58 U/g, respectively. The enzyme products had activities of 5,604.15-225,182.00 U/g and 13,517.41-120,822.41 U/g, respectively. At enzyme concentrations of >800 mg/L, the Chung-moo-purified enzyme had an alcohol productivity of ≥19%. Nurukzyme R400, Sanferm Yied, and Diazyme X4 exhibited alcohol productivities of >19% at concentrations of >600 mg/L. The alcohol content of the vacuum distillates was 41.31%-44.86%. The volatile component with the alcohol content adjusted to 25% was analyzed and principal component analysis was performed. The volatile components in white koji, Diazyme X4, and Sanferm Yield were similar. The modified nuruk treatment group had a relatively high ethyl lactate content compared to the white koji treatment group. The Nurukzyme R400 treatment group had high contents of butyric acid and ethyl butyrate. The Chung-moo-purified enzyme was characterized by a low component content. Thus, when enzyme products were used in nonsteamed rice fermentation, no effect on the alcohol productivity and quality of vacuum distilled soju was observed, suggesting that it can replace white koji and modified nuruk.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.281-286
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• 2014

This study was conducted to investigate the individual size and age of Kaloula borealis, a pair in amplexus. In June 2013, the total 23 pairs of Kaloula borealis were captured in the wetland located in Seongsan-eup and Daejeong-eup, Jeju Island. Size and age of each individual have been examined and as a result of analyzing SVL (snout-vent length), weight, length of forelimb and hindlimb of the collected 23 pairs, the females were shown to have the heavier weight and the longer SVL and hindlimb compared to males. No significant difference in the length of forelimb has been found between the female and the male. The average age of the male of the pair in amplexus was shown to be $5.17{\pm}0.26$, whereas the female was shown to be $6.22{\pm}0.28$, which indicates the higher average age in female compared to the male. The age range of Kaloula borealis was distributed from at least 3 years to 10 years at the maximum. A positive correlation was shown between age of the male and SVL; however, no significant difference was found in female. This study result expected to be utilized as an important base data in establishing the preservation and restoration strategy of endangered species, Kaloula borealis.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.433-441
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• 2002

There has been an increasing public concern about environmental safety and human health of field crops while customer consumes more and more field crops, to which overdose and residual chemicals were applied. As a solution for the problems, construction of sustainable agroecosystem is spreading out to pursuit the economic value of agricultural management as well as to meet environment concern. Public has extended their understanding on the preservation of environment and safeness of agricultural products, and governmental policy toward sustainable agriculture drives rapid increase of the production of sustainable agricultural products. Under this circumstances, it is time to encourage more consumption and to activate market system for the sustainable agricultural products. This study was initiated to diagnose the problems and future direction of domestic sustainable agriculture by analyzing the overall opinions of consumer on the sustainable agriculture. The results are as follows: The pursuit of low input management is a prerequisite to creat high valued agricultural products, and serious consideration should be taken to produce clean crops using natural products. Consummers are willing to pay 10∼50% more prices if the products get certified by official eco-label programs. It is believed that practice of sustainable agriculture using biopesticide and natural pesticide would accelerate the rapid extension of this pro-environmental agricultural management. To activate production and consumption of sustainable agricultural products correct informations on safety should be addressed to customer, and confidence has to be brought about from customer. This could be done by obtaining various and efficient distribution route, product competency for quality, upgraded sales strategy, maximum utilization of certificate system, and practice of recall system, so on.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.38 no.2
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• pp.64-74
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• 2010

Freiburg, as the German Capital of the Environment, is well known to Koreans, and relationships with Korean cities are deeply extended. This study attempts to grasp the features of the historical and cultural environment in Freiburg's old town center pedestrian district through the investigation of the historical value of environmental elements and the way they are transmitted along with the components of city identity. Through the literature studies confirms that. The main canal in Freiburg, called Gewerbeknale, is valued both for its existence during the city construction period and for being an infrastructure to supply water to the Bachle(small urban canal) and Brunnen(fountain). In spite of a recipient environment in the middle of the 19th century, the traditional mosaic pavement has a new value as an mediator between citizens and the environment through the adaptations that have occurred in the city. This study has verified the dialectical repetition of crisis and conquest through the historical succession of environmental elements. The historical continuance of environmental elements has a strong influence on the acquisition of sameness and Individuality in city identity factors. The result of this study recommends the historical value of environmental elements that have survived in the urban environment, and verifies the necessity of a concrete strategy for preservation and related practical efforts.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.19 no.6
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• pp.87-100
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• 2016

This research was performed for the purpose of providing useful and base data and preservation strategy of growth characteristics of Rhododendron micranthum. From the result of research, wild growth area of Rhododendron micranthum was discovered near steep forest road on 695~901m in altitude above sea level of Baekdu-daegan National Arboretum. Vegetation colony structure of Site I was resulted in Pinus densiflora(tree stratum M.I.P.=45.3%) is dominants, Betula schmidtii(arborescent M.I.P.=9.8%) is second dominant, and Site III resulted in Pinus densiflora(tree stratum M.I.P.=30.5%) is dominants, Betula schmidtii(arborescent M.I.P.=10.3%) is second dominant. Site II resulted in Betula schmidtii(arborescent M.I.P.=30.4%) is dominants and Pinus densiflora tree(tree stratum M.I.P.=8.3%) is second dominants. For herbs, it was researched that the rate of one year herb of chrysanthemum family(10), rice family(3), sedge(2) was higher than near forest area. Among Species diversity index, that of Shannon was in range of 0.7348~1.1090. After comparing this with similar area, this value was relatively low. Dominance analysis result was analyzed that various groups are evenly distributed. Monthly highest average temperature is $23.9^{\circ}$ in Site A and Site B, and monthly lowest average temperature is $-4.5^{\circ}C$ in Site I and $-4.7^{\circ}C$ in Site II. Monthly maximum average humidity is 85.6% in Site I and 83.2% in Site II. Monthly minimum average humidity is 60.9% in Site I and 60.8% in Site II and it showed that these 2 area are located far away but have similar temperature and humidity characteristic and climate environment is similar. It was analyzed that humidity is high with the result of annual average humidity is over 60%. In growth characteristic, it showed that doubt damage of Stephanitis pyrioides, exposure of roots, peeled bark was discovered and supplement on this is urgent.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.167-179
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• 2018

Objective: The aim of this study was to create a set of microsatellite markers with high polymorphism for the genetic monitoring and genetic structure analysis of local goose populations. Methods: Novel microsatellite markers were isolated from the genomic DNA of white Roman geese using short tandem repeated probes. The DNA segments, including short tandem repeats, were tested for their variability among four populations of geese from the Changhua Animal Propagation Station (CAPS). The selected microsatellite markers could then be used to monitor genetic variability and study the genetic structures of geese from local geese farms. Results: 14 novel microsatellite loci were isolated. In addition to seven known loci, two multiplex sets were constructed for the detection of genetic variations in geese populations. The average of allele number, the effective number of alleles, the observed heterozygosity, the expected heterozygosity, and the polymorphism information content were 11.09, 5.145, 0.499, 0.745, and 0.705, respectively. The results of analysis of molecular variance and principal component analysis indicated a contracting white Roman cluster and a spreading Chinese cluster. In white Roman populations, the CAPS populations were depleted to roughly two clusters when K was set equal to 6 in the Bayesian cluster analysis. The founders of private farm populations had a similar genetic structure. Among the Chinese geese populations, the CAPS populations and private populations represented different clads of the phylogenetic tree and individuals from the private populations had uneven genetic characteristics according to various analyses. Conclusion: Based on this study's analyses, we suggest that the CAPS should institute a proper breeding strategy for white Roman geese to avoid further clustering. In addition, for preservation and stable quality, the Chinese geese in the CAPS and the aforementioned proper breeding scheme should be introduced to geese breeders.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.13 no.8
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• pp.3645-3651
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• 2012

Conventional pap smear (CPS) examination has been the mainstay for early detection of cervical cancer. However, its widespread use has not been possible due to the inherent limitations, like presence of obscuring blood and inflammation, reducing its sensitivity considerably. Automated methods in use in developed countries may not be affordable in the developing countries due to paucity of resources. On the other hand, manual liquid based cytology (MLBC) is a technique that is cost effective and improves detection of precursor lesions and specimen adequacy. Therefore the aim of the study was to compare the utility of MLBC with that of CPS in cervical cancer screening. A prospective study of 100 cases through MLBC and CPS was conducted from October 2009 to July 2010, in a Medical College in India, by two independent pathologists and correlated with histopathology (22 cases). Morphological features as seen through MLBC and CPS were compared. Subsequently, all the cases were grouped based on cytological diagnosis according to two methods into 10 groups and a subjective comparison was made. In order to compare the validity of MLBC with CPS in case of major diagnoses, sensitivity and specificity of the two methods were estimated considering histological examination as the gold standard. Increased detection rate with MLBC was 150%. The concordance rate by LBC/histopathology v/s CPS/histopathology was also improved (86% vs 77%) The percentage agreement by the two methods was 68%. MLBC was more sensitive in diagnosis of LSIL and more specific in the diagnosis of inflammation. Thus, MLBC was found to be better than CPS in diagnosis of precursor lesions. It provided better morphology with increased detection of abnormalities and preservation of specimen for cell block and ancillary studies like immunocytochemistry and HPV detection. Therefore, it can be used as alternative strategy for cervical cancer prevention in limited resource settings.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.1799-1809
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• 2013

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of competency model based education program on risk behavior and competences for preventing adolescents' risk behavior in adolescents. A quasi-experimental design was employed in this study. Participants for the study were middle school students, 30 in the experimental group and 30 in the control group. A study was also done between September and December 2010. Data were analyzed using the SPSS/WIN. 15.0 program with ${\chi}^2$ test, t-test and two-way ANOVA. Participants in the competency model based education program reported significantly different both the competency for prevention of risk behavior scores (F=11.25, p=.001) and the risk behavior scores (F=16.01, p<.001) from those in the control group. The competency model based education program was effective in increasing competency for prevention of risk behavior and in decreasing risk behavior for adolescents. Therefore, this approach is recommended as a risk behavior prevention strategy for adolescents.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.39 no.3
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• pp.198-204
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• 2011

This study was carried out to investigate occurence of microbiales density and characteristics of xylanase produced by those in Janggyeong Panjeon. Cladosporium cladosporioides H1, Penicillium citreonigrum H3, Penicillilum toxicarium H4, Aspergillus versicolor H6, Acremonium alternarium H7 isolated from Janggyeong Panjeon produced xylanase, which had different production rates and specialized activities in an acidic condition. Cladosporium cladosporioides H1, Aspergillus versicolor H6, and Acremonium alternatum H7 produced xylanase at a faster rate than other fungi. A xylanase of Cladosporium cladosporioides H1 and Penicillilum toxicarium H4 showed a high thermostability in an acidic condition. As results, this study may lead to the development of a strategy for preservation of organic cultural heritages.

• Journal of the Economic Geographical Society of Korea
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.189-208
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• 2016

This research aims to discuss the impact of on regional development as a place brand and glocal heritage. Based on understanding of the changes and influences of local heritages in the globalization era as a key component of place branding, this study explores how is used to develop a place branding strategy for Lijiang. The research methods are both a literature review and a field research related to Lijiang and its culture. Also, the resources from news, internet, and YouTube are used to analyze the impact of . The performance has been attracting tourists from both Chineses and foreigners and contributed to increase the economic profits of local tourism industry as one of the representative identities of Lijiang. Also, in the process of preservation and recreation of cultural heritages of Lijiang such as , the participation of local residents and on-going interactions between the residents and global tourists highly influence on a transition from place marketing to place branding. By applying local cultural heritages to place branding strategies, the regional values of Lijiang strengthen its place identity from a place of preserving a minority's heritage to that of flourishing cultural exchanges and hybridization from the world.