• Herbal Formula Science
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.1-6
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• 2019

Objectives : Sansachunghyul-tang (山楂淸血湯) is a new formula consist of some herbs to treatment of hyperlipidemia. The lipid-lowering effects of the water extract of Sansachunghyul-tang (SCT) were examined using Triton WR1339-induced hyperlipidemic rats. Methods : Hyperlipidemia was induced by intravenous injection of Triton WR1339 (tyloxapol) at 200 mg/kg body weight. Four groups of experimental animals were used: normal, control, and two sample groups. Sample groups were injected with SCT (100 and 1000 mg/kg) for 7 days. Results : SCT produced statistically significant lowering effects on levels of total cholesterol (81.8 and 83.1%, p < 0.01, respectively), triglyceride (88.9 and 93.4%, p < 0.01, respectively), and phospholipid (86.7 and 94.3%, p < 0.01, respectively) than the control group. Taken together, SCT improved parameters of the HDL-cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol levels. Conclusions : In conclusion, These results suggest that SCT could act as a potent antihyperlipidemic in therapeutics for hyperlipidemia.

• The Korea Journal of Herbology
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.49-56
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• 2009

Objectives : Inflammation is important event in the development of vascular diseases including hypertension, atherosclerosis, and restenosis. Bodusan (BDS) was a traditional Korean herbal medicine and widely used in treatment of gastrointestinal complaint and stomach ulcer. The aim of this study was to determine whether BDS and its components inhibit production of nitrite, PGE2 and proinflammatory cytokines in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-treated RAW 264.7 macrophages. Methods : Cytotoxic activity of BDS and its components on RAW 264.7 cells was using 5-(3caroboxymcrophages. eth-oxyphenyj)-2H-tetra-zolium inner salt (MTS) assay. The nitric oxide (NO) production was measured by Griess reagent system. And proinflammatory cytokines were measured by ELISA kit. The levels of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) expression were detected by western blot. Results : Our results indicated that BDS and its components significantly inhibited the LPS-induced NO and PGE2 production. Moreover. BDS and its components inhibited iNOS and COX-2 expression accompanied by an attenuation of TNF-${\alpha}$, IL-11${\beta}$, IL-6 and MCP-1 formation in macrophages. Conclusions: These results indicate that BDS and its components have potential as an anti-inflammatory agent.

• The Korea Journal of Herbology
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.75-80
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• 2007

Objectives : This study was conducted to control microorganisms of deer antler products with ethanol and heat process. Methods : The deer antler of Cervus elaphus was used for this study. The sliced deer antler of market condition were processed with 70% ethanol only (酒洗) and 70% ethanol with heat (酒炙). The microorganisms were isolated and incubated on Luria broth (LB) plates at $37^{\circ}C$ for 24 h. Results : The number of isolated microorganism colony were 201.1, 33.5 and 2.0 ea from each sliced deer antler of market condition, 70% ethanol only and 70% ethanol with heat process, respectively. Conclusions : These results suggested that 70% ethanol with heat processing is effective for reducing microbial contamination of deer antler products.

• Herbal Formula Science
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.103-111
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• 2018

Objectives : The purpose of this study was to examine the antioxidant effects of the extract of Rubi Fructus on TM4 Sertoli cells. Methods : The extract was studied for diphenyl-picryl-hydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity and cell viability assays on Sertoli cells. In addition, hydrogen peroxide-induced oxidative stress on Sertoli cells were examined by MTT assay. The antioxidant enzyme of Cu/Zn SOD, Mn SOD, catalase protein expression on Sertoli cells were also measured. Results : The results showed that the extract scavenged DPPH radical dose-dependent manner. The extract showed no cytotoxicity at concentration of 1, 5, 10, 50, $100{\mu}g/ml$. The hydrogen peroxide-induced cytotoxicity of Sertoli cells was protected to 88.3% by the extract at concentration of $100{\mu}g/ml$. Cu/Zn SOD and Mn SOD protein expression were significantly increased on Sertoli cells, but catalase protein expression was not significantly changed. Conclusions : In conclusion, the extract of Rubi Fructus has antioxidant effects on Sertoli cells and protect male reproductive system against oxidative stress.

• The Korea Journal of Herbology
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.87-96
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• 2011

Objectives : The aerial parts of Rumex japonicus Houtt. (RF) is used by traditional clinics to treat parasite infection in East asia. This study aims a verification of anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory effects of RF methanol extract. Methods : Anti-oxidative effects of RF were measured by scavenging activities of DPPH, superoxide, nitric oxide (NO) and peroxynitrite radicals. And also scavenging activities of anti-oxidation in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-treated RAW 264.7 cells were measured. The inhibitory effects against the production of inflammatory mediators including NO, prostaglandin $E_2$ ($PGE_2$), tumor necrosis factor-${\alpha}$ (TNF-${\alpha}$), interleukin-$1{\beta}$ (IL-$1{\beta}$), IL-6, inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), and the translocation of nuclear factor (NF)-${\kappa}B$ in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells by RF were tested. Results : RF scavenged DPPH, superoxide, NO and peroxynitrite radicals, and RF (at $200{\mu}g/m{\ell}$) reduced the inflammatory mediators definitely. Conclusions : These results indicate that RF may be a potential drug source for oxidative stress related inflammatory diseases.

• Herbal Formula Science
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.65-82
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• 2012

Objectives : The aim of this study was verification of the anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory effects of Odukhwan(ODH) and Sasinhwan(SSH) in mouse macrophage, RAW264.7 cells. Methods : To investigate the anti-oxidative effect and scavenging activities of DPPH radical, superoxide anions, nitric oxide and peroxynitrite were measured. Cytotoxic activity of extract of ODH and SSH on RAW264.7 cells was measured using MTS assay. To proof the reductive activity of intracellular oxidation, DCFH-DA assay was performed. The nitric oxide(NO) production was measured and pro-inflammatory cytokines and $PGE_2$ were measured by ELISA kit. The levels of inducible nitric oxide synthase(iNOS), cyclooxygenase-2(COX-2) and nuclear NF-${\kappa}B$ p65 expression were detected by western blot. Results : After those analyses, we bring to a conclusion as follows. Both herbal formulations scavenged DPPH radical and nitric oxide. But ODH had no scavenging activity of superoxide anions and SSH had low scavenging activity in peroxynitrite. And the results indicated that ODH and SSH inhibited the LPS-induced NO, $PGE_2$ production and iNOS, COX-2 expression accompanied by an attenuation of IL-$1{\beta}$ and IL-6 production in RAW264.7 cells. They also have suppression effects of LPS-induced NF-${\kappa}B$ activation. Conclusions : ODH and SSH have anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory effects and they may be a part of database for development of new anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory drugs.

• The Korea Journal of Herbology
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.113-120
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• 2008

Objectives: This study was evaluated to elucidate the inhibitory potential of Imyosan(IMS) and its components, Phellodendri Cortex(PC: Phellodendron amurense Rupr., Hwangbaek in Korean) and Atractylodis Rhizoma(AR: Atratylodes lancea D.C., Changchool in Korean), on human aortic smooth muscle cells(HASMC) migration and production of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2 and MMP-9 by TNF-${\alpha}$ treatment. Methods: Cytotoxic activity of IMS and its components on HASMC was using 5-(3-caroboxy meth-oxyphenyl)-2H-tetra-zolium inner salt(MTS) assay. Effect of IMS, PC and AR on TNF-${\alpha}$-induced HASMC migration underside of matrigel filter was stained with hematoxylin-eosin. And total number of cells that migrated to the underside of the filter was counted. MMP-2 and MMP-9 activity was evaluated by gelatin zymography assay. Results: The matrigel migration assay showed that IMS effectively inhibited the TNF-${\alpha}$-induced migration of HASMC. Moreover, IMS significantly inhibited MMP-9 activity. Our present study demonstrates that IMS and its components inhibit TNF-${\alpha}$-induced HASMC migration and MMP-9 activity. The inhibitory effect of IMS extract is more potent than that of its component herb extracts. Conclusions: These results provide evidence that IMS has multiple effects in the inhibition of HASMC migration and may offer a therapeutic approach to block HASMC migration.

• Herbal Formula Science
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.119-133
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• 2011

Objectives : This study aimed to reveal the characteristics of formulas in "Key to Therapeutics of Children's Diseases" by analysis of crude drugs that constitute formulas. Methods : To analyze the formulas, We classified the formulas to presenting symptom classification. And within that categories, the crude drugs in formulas were diagrammatized. Results : After those analyses, we brought a conclusion as like these. 1. The formulas classified into some categories that include chronic consumption disease, parasitization, digestive system disease, febricity, infectious disease, respiratory disease, skin disease, infirmity and etc. 2. We analyzed the characteristic of formulas by categorization of crude drug combination. In this way, we recognized that Qian Yi(錢乙) frequently used cold crude drugs unlike the trend of S$\grave{o}$ng(宋) dynasty doctors. 3. The prescription that described in "Key to Therapeutics of Children's Diseases" can be found in "Treasured Mirror of Eastern Medicine(東醫寶鑑)" and the other books on posterity. Conclusions : Through these researches, we verified that Qian Yi affect cold herbal and mineral drugs. This tendency of Qian Yi have an effect on the Nourish yin school. And several decades of formulas of "Key to Therapeutics of Children's Diseases" contain in part of pediatrics on "Treasured Mirror of Eastern Medicine". We reconfirmed that Qian Yi affected profound influence on the development of pediatrics and Nourish yin school.

• Herbal Formula Science
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.323-333
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• 2016

Objectives : The purpose of this study was to investigate musk deer in taxonomic status and genus species. We investigated the characteristic of musk deer for medicinal usages. Methods : To identifications of musk deer on the taxonomic status and genus species, the literary investigation were conducted on the Korean, China, and Japan pharmacopoeia and published herbal books, CITES Species Lists too. Results : Musk deer placement in a separate family status is the Moschidae. M. chrysogaster Hodgson and M. sifanicus Przewalski was the same species. So, Alpine musk deer revised M. chrysogaster Hodgson[=M. sifanicus Przewalski]. Geographic distribution of M. moschiferus L. divided Sibirica group and himalaica group. Group himalaica contains three subspecies: Korean musk deer(M. moschiferus parvipes Hol.), Chinese musk deer(M. chrysogaster Hodgson), and Himalayan musk deer(M. leucogaster Hodgson). The genetic divergence between M. moschiferus L. and other species was clearly distinguished from the others. M. berezovskii Flerove was less than the others. However, the divergence among M. chrysogaster Hodgson, M. fuscus Li, and M. leucogaster Hodgson were quite low. Musk deers are mostly distributed around the high-plateau. Moschus were from Nepal, Bhutan, Russia, China. Forest musk deer(M. berezovskii Flerove) farming was conducted in China from 1950s. In the Korean hebal pharmacopoeia, Moschus include l-muscone($C_{16}H_{30}O$ : 238.40) over 2% for quantitative test. Conclusions : There are three species of musk deer, Siberian musk deer(M. moschiferus L.), forest musk deer(M. berezovskii Flerove), and Alpine musk deer(M. chrysogaster Hodgson) for medicinal usages.

• Herbal Formula Science
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.77-91
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• 2010

The purpose of this study is to expand the prescription usage from internal treatment to external treatment by applying the compatibilities of herbal ingredient for ointment massage therapy. For this, specific cases of usage were investigated in Donguibogam, which is now inscribed on the UNESCO Memory of the World Register, has been not only one of the classics of Korean medical asphere, but has compiled all the contents of the Oriental medical traditions including ointment massage therapy that was completed through different Chinese dynasties, such as Song (宋), Jin(金) and Won(元) by the 17th century. Research results of this study is : 1. Ointment Massage Therapy was used to treat the symptoms of diseases such as ACHI-mun(dental range : 牙齒門), PI-mun(dermal range : 皮門), JECHANG-mun (sore range : 諸瘡門), SO A-mun(pediatrics range : 小兒門). 2. Out of all the manipulations, it is a scrubbing manipulation that used most. 3. Out of all the formulations of ointment massage therapy, it is powder types and ointment types that most representative formulation.