• Advances in Traditional Medicine
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.120-123
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• 2004

To test preschool children's medium- long distance stereoscopic vision normal average value, and intermittent strabismus children,s medium-long distance stereoscopic vision acuteness is the goal of this study. The software of random stereoscopic vision and graph, which is developed by Hu-Chong etc has been used, to test 414 cases normal preschool children and 19 cases intermittent exotropia childrens medium-long distance (1-5 m) stereoscopic vision (before operation and after operation). The normal average value of preschool children's medium-long distance stereoscopic vision was achieved. Intermittent exotropia children's stereoscopic vision acuteness was declined with the increase of distance. This method can provide reference as screening abnormal stereoscopic vision during scientific research and clinical work.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.48 no.1
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• pp.15-26
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• 2010

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationships between mothers' parenting efficacy and parenting behaviors, home environment, and preschool children's learning behaviors. The participants consisted of 244 preschool children and their mothers in Seoul and GyeongGi-Do. The children's teachers rated the learning behaviors of each child whose mother returned our questionnaire. The collected data were subjected to general descriptive statistical analysis, t-test, one-way ANOVA, and Pearson's productive correlation. Results showed that learning behaviors of preschool children were affected by their sex, age, and mother's education. In addition, there were negative relationships between mothers' parenting efficacy, parenting behaviors, and learning behaviors of preschool children.

• International Journal of Computer Science & Network Security
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• v.22 no.11
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• pp.279-283
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• 2022

The main purpose of the study is to analyze the specifics of training future preschool education specialists for the development of conscious citizenship and environmental values of students. The methodology includes a number of theoretical methods of analysis. The importance of the issue of professional training of a specialist in a preschool institution is proved, along with an increase in the general and professional culture of a teacher, his readiness to work in alternative institutions for preschool children, it is necessary to develop creative pedagogical thinking, independence, motivational and value attitude to the profession, readiness for further self-education. Based on the results of the research, the key aspects of training future preschool education specialists for the development of conscious citizenship and environmental values of students were determined.

• Korean Journal of Childcare and Education
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• v.7 no.4
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• pp.95-118
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• 2011

The purpose of this study is to understand the leisure activities and the level of stress of pre-service preschool teachers. For this study, we conducted a questionnaire survey of 557 pre-service preschool teachers in Pusan, Daegu, Gangwon province. The contents of survey were their demographical characteristics, the leisure activities, the level of stress. Analysis was done with SPSS statistics program. The conclusion of this study are as follows: First, the most of pre-service preschool teachers didn't enjoy leisure activities. Second, they experienced much stress in Academic Achievement. Third, most leisure activities have no relations with the level of stress except pre-service preschool teachers' sleeping pattern and perception about wealth.

• Korean Journal of Childcare and Education
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• v.13 no.5
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• pp.43-64
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• 2017

Objective: The purpose of this study was to develop and validate the Behavior Rating Scale for Preschool Children based on the Yonsei Open Education Curriculum. Methods: The subjects of the study were 145 children aged three to six attending a preschool affiliated with a university and their teachers. Teachers observed their children for at least two weeks and completed the Behavior Rating Scale for Preschool Children. The scale consisted of five areas and 44 items which was a five level rubric. Results: Results showed that age differences were significant and development trends were revealed in almost all items. Second, the mean between the upper and lower groups showed a significant difference. Third, the internal consistency reliability was .97 for all items and for the five areas ranged from .86 to .93. The inter-observers reliability was .84. Forth, the concurrent validity and content validity of the scale were relatively high. Conclusion/Implications: The Behavior Rating Scale for Preschool Children can be used as a valid and reliable instrument to assess preschool children's development.

• Child Health Nursing Research
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.383-392
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• 2018

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify factors associated with smartphone overdependency in preschool children based on an analysis of mother, child, and their mutual dyadic relationships. Methods: Data were collected from 171 mothers of preschool children enrolled at daycare centers and kindergartens from January to March 2018. The data were analyzed by descriptive statistics, the t-test, analysis of variance with $Scheff{\acute{e}}$ post hoc test, Pearson correlation coefficient, and hierarchical regression analysis using SPSS version 24. Results: The self regulation of preschool children (${\beta}=-.358$, p<.001) was the factor most closely associated with smartphone overdependency. The second most closely associated factor was children's use of a smartphone 0.5-1 hour daily (${\beta}=-.249$, p=.005). Additional associated factors were mothers' use of a smartphone for 3-4 hours daily (${\beta}=.217$, p=.002), children's use of a smartphone for less than 0.5 hour daily (${\beta}=-.212$, p=.006), and children's use of a smartphone for 1-2 days per week (${\beta}=-.205$, p=.026). Conclusion: Based on the results of this study, it is necessary to try to develop guidelines and programs to prevent smart phone overdependency in preschool children.

• Human Ecology Research
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• v.55 no.1
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• pp.45-55
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• 2017

This study analyzes diverse factors in time poverty and quality of life in dual-earner families with preschool children that pertain to the individual, family, and occupation. Data were taken from the 17th edition of the Korean Labor and Income Panel Study developed by the Korea Labor Institute in 2014. The sample consists of 826 households who are dual-earner families with preschool children. The major findings are as follows. First, this study identified inadequacies in personal care time for dual-earner families with preschool children. Second, the results show that gender, recognition of gender role, and overall satisfaction of occupation are related to the time poverty of dual-earner families. Men are more likely to experience time poverty than women, and equal recognition of gender role and satisfaction of occupation indicate a negative relation on the time poverty of dual-earner families with preschool children. Last, quality of life in non-time-poor groups is higher than for groups who experience time poverty. Also, health state, earned income, work-family life conflict, and overall satisfaction of occupation are commonly related to quality of life in both groups. The results suggest implications for comprehensive policies to address family time issues.

• Child Health Nursing Research
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.66-72
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• 2007

Purpose: This study was done to evaluate the effects of distraction using balloon art on pain experienced by preschool children when undergoing an intravenous injection. Methods: Participants were 40 hospitalized preschool children. Children in the experimental group (20) were distracted by balloon art while undergoing an intravenous injection. Children in the control group (20) received regular care. Pain experienced by the children was measured using self-report, observation tools, heart rate and oxygen saturation. The data were analyzed using the SAS program. Results: Compared with the control group, children in the experimental group showed significant difference in pain as shown by pulse rate. However, children in the experimental group did not show a decrease in pain in the self-report or behavior observation when compared with children in the control group. Conclusion: Distraction using balloon art can be used to reduce pain for preschool children when undergoing an intravenous injection. Further nursing interventions need to be developed and provided to preschool children when undergoing painful procedures.

• Journal of Families and Better Life
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• v.32 no.6
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• pp.47-58
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• 2014

The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of mothers' parenting behavior, preschool children's language ability and emotion regulation on peer competence and aggressive behavior. The subjects were 100 preschool children (49 girls and 51 boys; mean age, 70.30 months), their mothers and teachers, recruited from five daycare centers located in Gyeonggi-do area. Each child's language ability was assessed individually with the standardized measure, the Preschool Receptive-Expressive Language Scale and their teachers reported on the children's peer competence and aggressive behavior. Their mothers also reported on parenting behavior and their child's emotion regulation by questionnaire. The collected data was analyzed by correlation analysis and hierarchical regression. The main results of this study were as follows. First, preschool children's peer competence was positively related to maternal warmth and children's language ability. Their aggressive behavior was positively related to harsh maternal parenting but negatively related to emotion regulation. Second, hierarchical regression analyses revealed that children's language ability and maternal warmth predicted peer competence. Third, children's gender, emotion regulation, and harsh maternal parenting predicted aggressive behavior. These findings could provide basic information for programs and services to promote peer competence in preschool children.

• Child Health Nursing Research
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.97-106
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• 2016

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify the relationship between mother child-rearing attitude, language control styles and preschool child's social competence, and also, to provide a basis for development of a program to promote preschool child's social competence. Methods: The present study was a descriptive research. Participants in this study were a convenience sample of 300 preschool children and their mothers. For the final analysis 264 questionnaires were used after eliminating questionnaires with incomplete responses. Data were analyzed using the SPSS 18.0 program. Results: The mean score for mother's child-rearing attitude was $3.31{\pm}0.25$ out of 5 points, for hierarchical language control styles ($2.76{\pm}0.62$), commanding ($1.95{\pm}0.58$), and humanistic ($2.48{\pm}0.62$) out of 5 points, and for child's social competence, $3.50{\pm}0.34$ out of 5 points. Negative correlations were found between commanding language control styles and child's social competence (r=-.34, p<.001), and between commanding language control style and mother's child-rearing attitude (r=-.50, p<.001). Conclusion: The results demonstrate the importance of the quality of mother's child-rearing attitude and language control styles for child's social competence. It is suggested that promotion programs to enhance preschool child's social competence should be developed in conjunction with the parenting related environment.