DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Factors associated with Smartphone Overdependency in Preschool Children

학령전기 아동의 스마트폰 과몰입에 영향을 미치는 요인

  • Received : 2018.07.09
  • Accepted : 2018.08.19
  • Published : 2018.10.31

Abstract

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify factors associated with smartphone overdependency in preschool children based on an analysis of mother, child, and their mutual dyadic relationships. Methods: Data were collected from 171 mothers of preschool children enrolled at daycare centers and kindergartens from January to March 2018. The data were analyzed by descriptive statistics, the t-test, analysis of variance with $Scheff{\acute{e}}$ post hoc test, Pearson correlation coefficient, and hierarchical regression analysis using SPSS version 24. Results: The self regulation of preschool children (${\beta}=-.358$, p<.001) was the factor most closely associated with smartphone overdependency. The second most closely associated factor was children's use of a smartphone 0.5-1 hour daily (${\beta}=-.249$, p=.005). Additional associated factors were mothers' use of a smartphone for 3-4 hours daily (${\beta}=.217$, p=.002), children's use of a smartphone for less than 0.5 hour daily (${\beta}=-.212$, p=.006), and children's use of a smartphone for 1-2 days per week (${\beta}=-.205$, p=.026). Conclusion: Based on the results of this study, it is necessary to try to develop guidelines and programs to prevent smart phone overdependency in preschool children.

Keywords

References

  1. Yoon TJ. Development of the smartphone over-immersion inventory for three to five-year-olds [master's thesis]. Seoul: Duksung Women's University; 2015. p. 1-89.
  2. Radesky JS, Schumacher J, Zuckerman B. Mobile and interactive media use by young children: The good, the bad, and the unknown. Pediatrics. 2015;135(1):1-3. https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.2014-2251
  3. Choi DJ, Kim YS, Aum NR, Kim HS. The survey on smart phone overdependence [Internet]. Daegu: National Information Society Agency & Ministry of Science and ICT; 2017 [cited 2018 April 1]. Available from: http://www.nia.or.kr/site/nia_kor/ex/bbs/View.do?cbIdx=65914&bcIdx=19592&parentSeq=19592.
  4. Kang JW, Jang SJ, Kim SO. A study on the effect of variables of young children and family on internet game addiction inclination for young children. Korean Journal of Children's Media. 2011;10(3):205-224.
  5. Chae YG. The development and effect of arts psychotherapy program for game overflow of adolescents. Korea Journal of Counseling. 2006;7(3):885-898.
  6. Kim YJ, Cho G. The mediating effects of peer relationship on the relationship between parent-adolescent communication and smartphone overindulgence of high-school students. Journal of Parent Education. 2016;8(1):1-14.
  7. Kim IS, Kim DY. The effects of mother's smartphone addiction tendency on smartphone overindulgence and externalizing problem behaviors among preschool children: Focusing on mediating effects of marital conflicts and mother-child communication. Asian Journal of Education. 2017;18(2):221-244. https://doi.org/10.15753/aje.2017.06.18.2.221
  8. Ban HR, Shin N. Effects of hyperactivity tendency and ego-resiliency on smartphone game overflow among young children. Korean Journal of Child Studies. 2017;38(4):117-128. https://doi.org/10.5723/kjcs.2017.38.4.117
  9. Yoo JH, Moon HL. The relationships between the children's smartphone over-immersion and their hyperactivity, impulsivity and inattention. Journal of Early Childhood Education & Educare Welfare. 2017;21(1):39-63.
  10. Lee HJ, Chae SM, Bang KS, Choi HS. Relationships among preschoolers' smartphone addiction tendency, their problem behaviors, and parenting efficacy of their mothers. Child Health Nursing Research. 2015:21(2):107-114. https://doi.org/10.4094/chnr.2015.21.2.107
  11. Jang JJ, Jung I. Related factors of smartphone addiction among preschool children. The Korean Society for School & Community Health Education. 2015;16(1):65-81.
  12. Wu CS, Fowler C, Lam WY, Wong HT, Wong CH, Yuen Loke A. Parenting approaches and digital technology use of preschool age children in a chinese community. Italian Journal of Pediatrics. 2014;40:44. https://doi.org/10.1186/1824-7288-40-44
  13. Kim Y, Jeong YK. Short-term longitudinal study about relationship between mother's smart-phone addiction tendency and mother-child interaction. The Korean Journal of Human Development. 2018;25(1):25-42. https://doi.org/10.15284/kjhd.2018.25.1.25
  14. Baek Y. A study on sense of self-efficacy and stress encountering strategy of smart-phone addicted university students. Journal of the Korea Society of Digital Industry and Information Management. 2017;13(1):173-183. https://doi.org/10.17662/ksdim.2017.13.1.173
  15. Lim Y, Kwon K, Han S. The effect of college students' ego-resilience, career decision level, and college life adaption on smartphone addiction. Asia-Pacific Journal of Multimedia Services Convergent with Art, Humanities, and Sociology. 2017;7(4):919-931. https://doi.org/10.14257/ajmahs.2017.04.79
  16. Chung EH, Lee SY. The multiple mediating effects of sleep duration and quality in the relationship between adolescents' smartphone addiction tendencies and depressive symptoms. Studies on Korean Youth. 2017;28(3):119-146. https://doi.org/10.14816/sky.2017.28.3.119
  17. Choi JH, Lee JH. The effect of smartphone addiction, family leisure activities and family cohesion in elementary school students. The Journal of Education. 2017;37(2):155-173. https://doi.org/10.25020/je.2017.37.2.155
  18. Gown M, Chyung Y. The effects of mothers' smartphone dependency, parenting self-efficacy, and parenting behaviors on their preschool children's smartphone dependency. Korean Journal of Play Therapy. 2018;21(2):153-169. https://doi.org/10.17641/kapt.21.1.8
  19. Kim MH. The effects of maternal parenting behavior, smart devices addiction, and children's self regulation on their use of smart devices. Korean Journal of Childcare and Education. 2015;11(6): 133-151. https://doi.org/10.14698/jkcce.2015.11.133
  20. Kim SH, Hwang SO. Mediating effects of self-regulation on the relationship between childhood smart device immersion tendency and pro-social behavior. Family and Environment Research. 2017; 55(1):1-12. https://doi.org/10.6115/fer.2017.001
  21. Gross D, Rocissano L. Maternal confidence in toddlerhood: Its measurement for clinical practice and research. The Nurse Practitioner. 1988;13(3):19-22. https://doi.org/10.1097/00006205-198803000-00004
  22. Lim YJ. Young children's smartphone use and social emotional characteristics(temperament, self control and behavioral problems [master's thesis]. Seoul: Graduate School of Kyunghee University; 2016. p. 1-51.
  23. Yang OS, Lee JR. Analysis of related variables of self-regulation in young children. The Korean Journal of Educational Methodology Studies. 2003;15(2):145-161.
  24. Cho Y, Lee Y. The development and validation of the parenting self-efficacy scale for mothers of preschool children. Family and Environment Research. 2007;45(4):97-112.
  25. Park SH, Bang KS. Development of a mother-preschool child interaction scale. Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing. 2013;43(1): 59-68. https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2013.43.1.59

Cited by

  1. 유아의 스마트폰 과다사용과 관련한 부모요인 규명: 체계적 고찰 및 메타분석 vol.50, pp.3, 2020, https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.19186
  2. 학령전기 아동과 어머니의 상호작용 구조모형 vol.51, pp.5, 2018, https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.21096