• Journal of Korean Academic Society of Home Health Care Nursing
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.198-209
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• 2020

Purpose: This study sought to develop a scale to evaluate patient-centered healthcare services at hospitals and verify its reliability and validity. Methods: We conducted a literature review and interviewed medical personnel and practitioners in medical institutions. We also conducted a content validation and preliminary survey of experts, including 40 preliminary items. We conducted the main survey among 240 medical institution workers to assess the validity and reliability of the preliminary measurement tool. Results: The validity and reliability of the scale were assessed by 29 items underlying six factors: ease of communication, continuity and extension of the hospital's role, stable environment, emotional support, respect for patients' values, and offer of information. Cronbach's α of the whole tool was .91, while the value of each factor ranged from .82 to .74, thereby verifying its reliability. Conclusion: The patient-centered healthcare services scale was identified as a tool appropriate for healthcare professionals. This tool will be useful in a diverse range of research on the development of educational programs for patient-centered healthcare services and the promotion of patient-centered causes.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.656-663
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• 1990

To investigate the optimum design conditions of Stirling Engines at the preliminary design stage, comparative study between adoabatoc analysis based on an approximate analytical solution to the Ideal Adiabatic Model and the existing isothermal analysis has been carried out. The optimum phase angle obtained from adiabatic analysis to achieve the maximum work with given combination of design parameters is greater than that from isothermal analysis, while the optimum swept volume ratio is smaller. Effect of variation in the temperature ratio on the work parameter is proved to be stronger in adiabatic analysis. On the contrary, the work parameter by adiabatic analysis is less sensitive to a change in the dead volume ratio. Especially in adiabatic analysis there exists the optimum dead volume ratio maximizing the work parameter, which may provide a lower limit of it. Considering that the adiabatic model is more reasonable, signifiant differences between two methods lead to the conclusion that adiabatic analysis is preferable to isothermal one for the preliminary design of Stirling Engines.

• Water for future
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.235-248
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• 1996

Apreliminary release scheme (PRS) is suggested for the operating rules during flood period to deal with conflicts between flood control and water conservation purposes. PRS can be used to decide the optimum releases, based on the forecast of an oncoming flood and flow rate at the control point downstream when comparing the variable restricted water level (VRWL) for flood control with the minimum required water level (MRWL) for conservation use. The model is applied to Chungju and Daechung reservoirs through simulations of the technique. This study illustrates the procedure to decide the time and size for preliminary releases. Also, effects of duration and magnitude of preliminary release are reviewed based on historicqal flood records. The simulation results indicate that the proposed PRS is effective for the managers to find optimal operating policies during flood period. The proposed scheme can be used with main release scheme using real-time operation on hour-to-hour basis to decide the release for a flood.

• Magazine of korean Tunnelling and Underground Space Association
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.101-112
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• 2019

This case study presented a simplified failure mechanism approach used as a preliminary deformation prediction for the Mexico City's metro system expansion. Because of the Mexico City's difficult subsoils, Line 12 project was considered one of the most challenging projects in Mexico. Mexico City's subsurface conditions can be described as a multilayered stratigraphy changing from soft high plastic clays to dense to very dense cemented sands. The Line 12 trajectory crossed all three main geotechnical Zones in Mexico City. Starting from to west of the City, Line 12 was projected to pass through very dense cemented sands corresponding to the Foothills zone changing to the Transition zone and finalizing in the Lake zone. Due to the change in the subsurface conditions, different constructions methods were implemented including the use of TBM (Tunnel Boring Machine), the NATM (New Austrian Tunneling Method), and cut-and-cover using braced Diaphragm walls for the underground section of the project. Preliminary crown and excavation front deformations were determined using a simplified failure mechanism prior to performing finite element modeling and analysis. Results showed corresponding deformations for the crown and the excavation front to be 3.5cm (1.4in) and 6cm (2.4in), respectively. Considering the complexity of Mexico City's difficult subsoil formation, construction method selection becomes a challenge to overcome. The use of a preliminary results in order to have a notion of possible deformations prior to advanced modeling and analysis could be beneficial and helpful to select possible construction procedures.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.51 no.3
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• pp.305-319
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• 2021

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to develop a measurement tool for a positive nursing organizational culture and to verify its reliability and validity. Methods: A conceptual framework and construct factors were extracted through an extensive literature review and in-depth interviews with nurses. The final version of the preliminary tool for the main survey was confirmed by experts through a content validity test and a preliminary survey of 40 nurses. Subsequently, the final tool was developed using a validity and reliability test containing 43 preliminary items. The final version of the tool was used with 327 hospital nurses in the testing phase for the main survey to assess validity and reliability. Results: From the factor analysis, 4 factors and 26 items were selected. The factors were positive leadership of the nursing unit manager, pursuit of common values, formation of organizational relationships based on trust, and a fair management system. The entire determination coefficient was 67.7%. These factors were verified through convergent, discriminant, and concurrent validity testing. The internal consistency reliability was acceptable (Cronbach's α = .95). Conclusion: Both the validity and reliability of the scale were confirmed demonstrating its utility for measuring positive nursing organizational culture. It is expected to be used for education, research, and practical performance policies regarding the nursing organizational culture.

• Phonetics and Speech Sciences
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.47-54
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• 2023

This study attempted to test the hypothesis that Korean evaluators can score L2 speech appropriately, even when speech rate features are unavailable. Two perception experiments-preliminary and main-were conducted sequentially. The purpose of the preliminary experiment was to categorize English-as-a-foreign-language (EFL) speakers into two groups-advanced learners and lower-level learners-based on the proficiency scores given by five human raters. In the main experiment, a set of stimuli was prepared such that the speech rate of all data tokens was modified to have a uniform speech rate. Ten human evaluators were asked to score the stimulus tokens on a 5-point scale. These scores were statistically analyzed to determine whether there was a significant difference in utterance production between the two groups. The results of the preliminary experiment confirm that higher-proficiency learners speak faster than lower-proficiency learners. The results of the main experiment indicate that under controlled speech-rate conditions, human raters can appropriately assess learner proficiency, probably thanks to the linguistic features that the raters considered during the evaluation process.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.17 no.7
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• pp.101-112
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• 2017

The purpose of this study is to find out what kind of experience and effect the learner - centered team - based learning (tbl)method has on pre - nursing learner's nursing English course. Participants were 12 preliminary nursing learner, it was analyzed through learning result recording, study observation, learning satisfaction, learner's report, peer evaluation. And described the meaning of the learning experience, individual and team scores were analyzed using frequency analysis, paired-t test. The results showed that the score of each team was higher than the score of individual in both. The tbl experience has been a form of intimacy with colleagues, a motivation for learning, self-study, easy to learn the medical terminology felt through repeated learning, to improve their score by having them secondary group test and they remembered it as a pleasant learning time.

• Journal of Korea Technology Innovation Society
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.124-145
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• 2014

Market failure occurs when Pareto efficiency is not achieved through market mechanism. In order to solve this problem, government intervene market; paying great attention to the optimum state of resource allocation. However, as the size of government investment in R&D goes up, many professionals emphasize the importance in efficient management system. This work is the result of exploratory study to look into life-cycle management of governmental R&D program. Literature reviews and empirical research on governmental R&D programs elicit improvements for effective life-cycle management of governmental R&D program as follows: consistent discrimination between capital expenditure and recurring expenditure, dual management system by spending properties, implementing total cost management system in capital expenditure, and discrimination between preliminary feasibility study with confirming total program cost in recurring expenditure.

• The Journal of Korean Society for School & Community Health Education
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• v.7
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• pp.1-17
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• 2006

Background: School is a primary health education setting for adolescents and the continuous support should be provided to renew school health education curriculum correspondent to cultural changes in Korean society. Objectives: This study was conducted to identify the principals and teachers' health education needs for their students and to analyze their conceptual map for health education curriculum at school. Methods: The sample size of the preliminary study was 321 of the teachers in elementary, middle, and high school, and that of the main study was 355 middle school principals and teachers over the country. The self-administered mailing survey was conducted to collect the available health education topics in the preliminary study, to identify the factor structure of the health education topics and to analyze the conceptual properties on health education with exploratory factor analysis and multidimensional scaling analysis in SPSS 12.0. Results: A total of 21 health education topics were collected from the preliminary survey and 31 topics were, comprehensively, generated for the main survey. In exploratory factor analysis, seven factors were generated in 1.0 or greater Eigen value standard. The seven factors were 'life health promotion,' 'disease prevention and drug control,' 'bulling and aggression prevention,' 'injury and sexual harassment prevention,' human-efficacy and regulation,' 'health protection for adolescence,' and 'alcohol and tobacco control.' The educational need scores were the highest in 'human-efficacy and regulation' and 'injury and sexual harassment prevention.' The two-dimensional cooperates were generated for the 31 health education topics and the two dimensional properties which divided the conceptual space were 'health-safety' for one and 'public/environmental-individual/personal' for the other. That is, middle school principals and teachers primarily, understand the health education curriculum in the sense of 'health vs. safety' and 'public/environmental vs individual/personal.' Conclusions: Health education curriculum and textbook should be developed based on teachers' needs and conditions for health education in school fields. The field-based health education programs or textbook would make more possible problem-solving health education for youth in real school fields.

• Journal of Korean Society of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.87-96
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• 2017

Objectives: Improvement of the reliability of work environment measurement results is one of the principal subjects to be resolved in the field of industrial hygiene. Thus, this study was conducted in order to review domestic programs for enhancing the reliability of work environment measurement results and propose a more efficient management plan for workplace monitoring. Materials and Methods: The current domestic programs reviewed in this study are the quality control system and evaluation system for industrial hygiene laboratories, the reliability system accompanied by KOSHA (the Korea Occupational Safety and Health Agency), the system of permissible exposure limits and observed inspection system for permissible exposure limits. Their contents and data were analyzed by reviewing articles, reports, and guidelines related to reliability improvement for work environment measurement results. Results: As a result of the literature review, all the domestic programs investigated in this study had both merits and demerits in terms of considering the reliability of work environment measurement results. In particular, the fact that preliminary notification is provided to the head of a workplace before implementation would be an obstacle for elevating the reliability of work environment measurement results. Conclusions: Based on the review results obtained from this study, it is proposed that on-site measurement without preliminary notification should be considered for a more efficient inspection system that would enhance the reliability of workplace monitoring.