• Journal of Communications and Networks
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• 제15권4호
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• pp.422-429
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• 2013

Advances in wireless sensor network (WSN) technology have enabled small and low-cost sensors with the capability of sensing various types of physical and environmental conditions, data processing, and wireless communication. In the WSN, the sensor nodes have a limited transmission range and their processing and storage capabilities as well as their energy resources are limited. A triple umpiring system has already been proved for its better performance in WSNs. The clustering technique is effective in prolonging the lifetime of the WSN. In this study, we have modified the ad-hoc on demand distance vector routing by incorporating signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) based dynamic clustering. The proposed scheme, which is an efficient and secure routing protocol for wireless sensor networks through SNR-based dynamic clustering (ESRPSDC) mechanisms, can partition the nodes into clusters and select the cluster head (CH) among the nodes based on the energy, and non CH nodes join with a specific CH based on the SNR values. Error recovery has been implemented during the inter-cluster routing in order to avoid end-to-end error recovery. Security has been achieved by isolating the malicious nodes using sink-based routing pattern analysis. Extensive investigation studies using a global mobile simulator have shown that this hybrid ESRP significantly improves the energy efficiency and packet reception rate as compared with the SNR unaware routing algorithms such as the low energy aware adaptive clustering hierarchy and power efficient gathering in sensor information systems.

• Advances in Computational Design
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• 제3권2호
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• pp.191-200
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• 2018

Establishment of an efficient routing technique in multiple-input-multiple-output (MIMO) based mobile ad hoc network (MANET) is a new challenge in wireless communication system to communicate in a complex terrain where permanent infrastructure network implementation is not possible. Due to limited power of mobile nodes, a minimum power consumed routing (MPCR) algorithm is developed which is an integration of cooperative transmission process. This algorithm select relay node and support short distance communication. The performance analysis of proposed routing algorithm increased signal to noise interference ratio (SNIR) resulting effect of cooperative transmission. Finally performance analysis of the proposed algorithm is verified with simulated result.

• 한국통신학회논문지
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• 제36권7B호
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• pp.886-891
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• 2011

본 논문은 수중 센서 네트워크에서 효율적인 하향링크 멀티캐스트 데이터 전송기법을 제시하였다. 기존에 센서 네트워크에서 많은 멀티캐스트 전송 기법이 제안되었지만, 배터리를 지속적으로 공급받거나 충전시키기 어려운 환경에 있는 수중 센서 네트워크에 특화된 멀티캐스트 기법은 없었다. 본 논문에서는 이를 위하여 수중 센서 네트워크에서의 멀티캐스트 두 가지 특성을 파악하여 이를 알고리즘에 적용하였다. 싱크 노드에서 목적지 노드들의 위치 정보를 가공하여서 각도 정보를 추출하였고, 이렇게 추출한 목적지 노드들의 각도 정보를 바탕으로 가상의 유클리디언 스테이너 포인트를 이용한 최적의 멀티캐스트 전송 알고리즘을 제안하였다. 본 알고리즘은 저 계산 능력과 제한된 전송파워를 가지는 수중 센서 네트워크에서 구동하기에 알맞음을 시뮬레이션을 통하여 확인하였다. 제안한 방식은 기존의 방식들에 비하여 감소된 전송 전력과 감소된 라우팅 계산량을 보였다.

• 한국콘텐츠학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국콘텐츠학회 2006년도 추계 종합학술대회 논문집
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• pp.716-720
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• 2006

본 논문에서는 원격의료지원을 위한 Ubiquitous Sensor Network에서 생체신호를 효율적으로 전송하기 위하여 생체신호의 데이터 종류에 따라 전송 전력의 크기와 경로설정 빈도수를 변화시키는 새로운 라우팅 방안을 제안한다. 제안한 라우팅 알고리즘에서는 위급한 생체신호 트래픽에 대해서는 경로 설정 지연을 줄일 수 있도록 전송전력의 크기를 크게 설정하여 경유하는 흡수를 줄이고 경로 설정에 우선순위를 주며, 위급하지 않은 생체신호 트래픽에 대해서는 전송전력의 크기를 작게 설정하고, 경로설정 빈도수를 적응적으로 감소시킨다 따라서 위급한 생체신호 트래픽에 대해서는 평균 흡수 및 호 블로킹 확률을 줄일 수 있어서 기존의 획일적인 전송전력의 크기를 사용하는 방안에 비해 복잡한 USN에서 위급한 생체신호의 QoS를 만족할 수 있을 것이다.

• Journal of Multimedia Information System
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• 제1권2호
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• pp.101-110
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• 2014

The purpose of this research is to extend Ad-hoc network system lifetime with the proposed routing protocol which has considered hop lifetimes of the nodes while guaranteeing QoS in the establishment process of Ad-hoc network communication paths. Based on another power aware routing system that proposed in the advanced research [1], we are proposing an alternative power aware routing system in which nodes' hop lifetimes are compared in order to extend the lifetime of an Ad-hoc network system and delay factors have been considered for the assurance of QoS. The research of the routing protocol in this paper, which aims to maximize the system survival time considering power consumption status during the path searching in MANET and pursues the mechanism that controls hop delays for the same reason, can be applied to the study of WSN. The study concerning such phenomena is essential so that the proposed protocol has been simulated and verified with NS-2 in Linux system focusing on the lifetimes of the hops of the nodes. Commercialization of smart devices and arrival of the ubiquitous age has brought about the world where all the people and things are connected with networks. Since the proposed power aware method and the hop delay control mechanism used to find the adequate communication paths in MANET which mainly uses batteries or in WSN, they can largely contribute to the lifetime extension of the network system by reducing power consumptions when utilized for the communications attempts among soldiers during military operation, disaster areas, temporary events or exhibitions, mobile phone shadow areas, home networks, in-between vehicle communications and sense networks, etc. This paper presents the definitions and some advantages regarding the proposed outing protocol that sustain and extend the lifetime of the networks.

• 한국ITS학회 논문지
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• 제11권3호
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• pp.31-39
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• 2012

이 논문에서는 이동 애드혹 네트워크 환경에서 네트워크 생존시간을 최대화하기 위한 에너지 인지 기반 라우팅 프로토콜을 제안한다. 제안 라우팅 프로토콜은 소스 라우팅 방식을 기반으로 하며, 이동 노드의 송수신 전력 소모량과 배터리 잔량을 소스 노드와 목적지 노드 종단간 고려하여 생존시간이 가장 긴 경로를 선택한다. 이를 위한 새로운 라우팅 비용을 제안하며, 경로 탐색시 발생하는 제어 패킷 오버헤드를 최소화하는 라우팅 프로토콜을 설계한다. 시뮬레이션 결과 제안방식은 전송 홉 수, 전송률, 에너지 소비량 측면에서 기존 방식과 비슷한 수준의 성능을 보이면서, 생존시간 측면에서는 기존 방식 대비 약 20%의 성능향상을 보여준다.

• 한국멀티미디어학회논문지
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• 제19권5호
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• pp.910-917
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• 2016

Sensors have limited resources in sensor networks, so efficient use of energy is important. Representative clustering methods, LEACH, LEACHC, TEEN generally use direct transmission methods from cluster headers to the sink node to pass collected data. However, the communication distance of the sensor nodes at low cost and at low power is not long, it requires a data transfer through the multi-hop to transmit data to the sink node. In the existing cluster-based sensor network studies, cluster process and route selection process are performed separately in order to configure the routing path to the sink node. In this paper, in order to use the energy of the sensor nodes that have limited resources efficiently, a cluster-based multi-hop routing protocol which merges the clustering process and routing process is proposed. And the proposed method complements the problem of uneven cluster creation that may occur in probabilistic cluster methods and increases the energy efficiency of whole sensor nodes.

• ETRI Journal
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• 제34권6호
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• pp.922-931
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• 2012

With the increasing demands for mobile wireless sensor networks in recent years, designing an energy-efficient clustering and routing protocol has become very important. This paper provides an analytical model to evaluate the power consumption of a mobile sensor node. Based on this, a clustering algorithm is designed to optimize the energy efficiency during cluster head formation. A genetic algorithm technique is employed to find the near-optimal threshold for residual energy below which a node has to give up its role of being the cluster head. This clustering algorithm along with a hybrid routing concept is applied as the near-optimal energy-efficient routing technique to increase the overall efficiency of the network. Compared to the mobile low energy adaptive clustering hierarchy protocol, the simulation studies reveal that the energy-efficient routing technique produces a longer network lifetime and achieves better energy efficiency.

• Journal of Communications and Networks
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• 제18권3호
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• pp.327-332
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• 2016

The routing protocol for low-power and lossy networks (RPL) is an internet protocol based routing protocol developed and standardized by IETF in 2012 to support a wide range of applications for low-power and lossy-networks (LLNs). In LLNs consisting of resource-constrained devices, the energy consumption of battery powered sensing devices during network operations can greatly impact network lifetime. In the case of inefficient route selection, the energy depletion from even a few nodes in the network can damage network integrity and reliability by creating holes in the network. In this paper, a composite energy-aware node metric ($RER_{BDI}$) is proposed for RPL; this metric uses both the residual energy ratio (RER) of the nodes and their battery discharge index. This composite metric helps avoid overburdening power depleted network nodes during packet routing from the source towards the destination oriented directed acyclic graph root node. Additionally, an objective function is defined for RPL, which combines the node metric $RER_{BDI}$ and the expected transmission count (ETX) link quality metric; this helps to improve the overall network packet delivery ratio. The COOJA simulator is used to evaluate the performance of the proposed scheme. The simulations show encouraging results for the proposed scheme in terms of network lifetime, packet delivery ratio and energy consumption, when compared to the most popular schemes for RPL like ETX, hop-count and RER.

• 한국전자통신학회논문지
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• 제11권3호
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• pp.317-324
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• 2016

WiMedia에서는 최대 1Gbps의 초고속 전송이 가능하나, 디바이스 간의 전송 범위가 대략 10m 이내로 제한된다. 네트워크 영역 확장을 위해 멀티-홉 형태로 구축할 경우 기존의 홉(hop)-기반 라우팅으로는 QoS를 보장하기 어렵다. 본 논문에서는 WiMedia 무선 메쉬 네트워크를 위한 QoS 라우팅 방안을 제안한다. TDMA를 사용하는 WiMedia MAC 특성을 반영하여, 주문형(on-demand) 라우팅과 테이블-구동형(table-driven) 라우팅 각각에 대해 QoS 확장 방안을 제시하였다. 제안한 QoS 라우팅 방식이 홉-기반 라우팅 방식에 비해 성능 면에서 우수함을 컴퓨터 시뮬레이션을 통해 확인하였다. 또한, QoS 주문형 라우팅과 QoS 테이블-구동형 라우팅은 전송 전력에 따라 각각 상반된 성능 결과를 보여 주었다.