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http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/JCN.2016.000048

Improved Routing Metrics for Energy Constrained Interconnected Devices in Low-Power and Lossy Networks  

Hassan, Ali (Faculty of Computing and Information Technology, University of Jeddah)
Alshomrani, Saleh (Information Systems Department, University of Jeddah)
Altalhi, Abdulrahman (Information Technology at the College of Computing and Information Technology, King Abdulaziz University)
Ahsan, Syed (Faculty of Computing and Information Technology, University of Jeddah)
Publication Information
Journal of Communications and Networks / v.18, no.3, 2016 , pp. 327-332 More about this Journal
Abstract
The routing protocol for low-power and lossy networks (RPL) is an internet protocol based routing protocol developed and standardized by IETF in 2012 to support a wide range of applications for low-power and lossy-networks (LLNs). In LLNs consisting of resource-constrained devices, the energy consumption of battery powered sensing devices during network operations can greatly impact network lifetime. In the case of inefficient route selection, the energy depletion from even a few nodes in the network can damage network integrity and reliability by creating holes in the network. In this paper, a composite energy-aware node metric ($RER_{BDI}$) is proposed for RPL; this metric uses both the residual energy ratio (RER) of the nodes and their battery discharge index. This composite metric helps avoid overburdening power depleted network nodes during packet routing from the source towards the destination oriented directed acyclic graph root node. Additionally, an objective function is defined for RPL, which combines the node metric $RER_{BDI}$ and the expected transmission count (ETX) link quality metric; this helps to improve the overall network packet delivery ratio. The COOJA simulator is used to evaluate the performance of the proposed scheme. The simulations show encouraging results for the proposed scheme in terms of network lifetime, packet delivery ratio and energy consumption, when compared to the most popular schemes for RPL like ETX, hop-count and RER.
Keywords
Contiki; low-power and lossy networks; routing metrics; routing protocol for low-power and lossy networks (RPL);
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