• 펄프종이기술
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• 제43권4호
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• pp.40-48
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• 2011

In this study, we investigated the usability of new powdered additives in the paperboard industry. We manufactured the powdered additives from peanut husks and garlic stems by grinding. The chemical composition, particle size, particle size distribution, and particle shape were investigated to identify the basic properties of the powdered raw materials. To determine the effect of the powdered additives on paper properties, handsheets were prepared by adding the powdered additives to the pulp slurry. The chemical composition, such as the contents of holocellulose, lignin, and ash, showed similar values to those of other biomass materials. The particles of peanut husk powder were irregularly shaped, smaller, and had a broader particle size distribution than those of the garlic stem powder, which had the fibril form. The particles of the two powdered raw materials showed a positioning of expansion in the fiber network, resulting in increased bulk and a loss of strength. Handsheets containing garlic stem particles were stronger than handsheets containing peanut husk particles. Finally, the new powdered additives are beneficial to the bulk of paperboard.

• Advances in environmental research
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.15-23
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• 2017

Powdered marble wastes (PMW) generated by Utique marble cutting industries (North of Tunisia) with abundant amounts were used in this study as low-cost materials to investigate the stabilization of heavy metals (Pb, Zn, Fe) in sludge generated from a local Zn-Electroplating factory. Powdered marble wastes were evaluated by means of chemical fractions of heavy metals in sludge and concentrations of heavy metals in leachate from columns to determine their ability to stabilize heavy metals in contaminated sludge. Results indicated that chemical fractions of heavy metals in sludge were affected by application of the PMW mineral materials and pH, however, the effects varied with heavy metals. Application of the powdered marble wastes mineral materials reduced exchangeable metals in the sequence of Pb (60.5%)>Fe (40.5%)>Zn (30.1%). X-ray diffraction and hydro-geochemical transport code PHREEQC analysis were successfully carried out to get a better understanding of the mechanisms of reactive mineral phases involved in reduced exchangeable heavy metals in sludge after PMW material amendments. Therefore, metal immobilization using powdered marble wastes materials is an effective stabilization technique for industrial metallic hydroxide sludge.

• ETRI Journal
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• 제35권2호
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• pp.340-343
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• 2013

A novel bumping process using solder bump maker is developed for the maskless low-volume solder on pad (SoP) technology of fine-pitch flip chip bonding. The process includes two main steps: one is the aggregation of powdered solder on the metal pads on a substrate via an increase in temperature, and the other is the reflow of the deposited powder to form a low-volume SoP. Since the surface tension that exists when the solder is below its melting point is the major driving force of the solder deposit, only a small quantity of powdered solder adjacent to the pads can join the aggregation process to obtain a uniform, low-volume SoP array on the substrate, regardless of the pad configurations. Through this process, an SoP array on an organic substrate with a pitch of $130{\mu}m$ is successfully formed.

• 한국재료학회지
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.106-111
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• 2005

Effects of stainless steel-making dusts and binder content on compacting $density(\rho)$ and magnetic properties were evaluated. Cores compacted with the mixture of pure Fe powders, $5wt.\%$ dusts and $0.25wt.\%$ binder showed good AC magnetic properties. For example, permeability$({\mu}a)$ and core loss(P) of the cores containing $5wt.\%$ dusts at 500 kHz were 62 and $4008\;{\mu}W/cm^3$, respectively. These properties are almost equivalent to those of competitor's products (i.e, Ancorsteel TC 80 produced by $H\ddot{o}gan\ddot{a}s$ Corp.). The powdered cores obtained from the present work are expected to apply for high-performance soft magnetic components such as normal mode choke filter and pulse transformer.

• 한국콘크리트학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국콘크리트학회 2008년도 추계 학술발표회 제20권2호
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• pp.337-340
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• 2008

As the Ready-mixed Shotcrete using Powdered Polymer Dispersion, Shotcrete Matrix as totally shotcrete gel that a part of second binder in Shotcrete materials is dense. Also, Ready-mixed Shotcrete is showed the decreasing Rebound and rising Durability. Therefore, it is possible that Ready-mixed Shotcrete for High-Strength and High-Waterproof can apply to the Powdered Polymer Dispersion.

• 한국지반신소재학회논문집
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.89-94
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• 2015

본 연구에서는 제주도 내에서 발생되는 현무암 석분슬러지를 차수용 재료로 재활용하기 위하여 최적의 석분슬러지 혼합비를 가진 혼합토를 선정하고자 한다. 토질시험결과에 따르면 현무암 석분슬러지의 입경은 대부분 0.1mm 이하이고, 토질의 분류기준인 통일분류법(USCS)을 적용하면 ML 및 CL에 해당한다. 그리고 현장토의 입경은 0.1-10mm 사이에 존재하고, 통일분류법(USCS)을 적용하여 분류하면 SW에 해당한다. 최적의 석분슬러지 혼합비를 가진 혼합토를 선정하기 위하여 다양한 석분슬러지 혼합비를 가진 혼합토를 대상으로 최적 다짐조건 및 현장조건을 고려하여 투수시험을 수행하였다. 투수시험결과 석분슬러지 혼합비가 증가함에 따라 혼합토의 투수계수는 감소하는 경향을 보이며, 석분슬러지의 혼합비가 60%인 경우 가장 낮은 투수계수를 갖는다. 따라서 현무암 석분슬러지를 차수용 재료로 재활용하기 위한 석분슬러지 혼합토의 최적 혼합비는 60%임을 알 수 있다.

• International Journal of Concrete Structures and Materials
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.207-217
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• 2015

The influence of powdered and colloidal nano-silica (NS) on the mechanical properties of cement mortar has been investigated. Powdered-NS (~40 nm) was synthesized by employing the sol-gel method and compared with commercially available colloidal NS (~20 nm). SEM and XRD studies revealed that the powdered-NS is non-agglomerated and amorphous, while colloidal-NS is agglomerated in nature. Further, these nanoparticles were incorporated into cement mortar for evaluating compressive strength, gel/space ratio, portlandite quantification, C-S-H quantification and chloride diffusion. Approximately, 27 and 37 % enhancement in compressive strength was observed using colloidal and powdered-NS, respectively, whereas the same was up to 19 % only when silica fume was used. Gel/space ratio was also determined on the basis of degree of hydration of cement mortar and it increases linearly with the compressive strength. Furthermore, DTG results revealed that lime consumption capacity of powdered-NS is significantly higher than colloidal-NS, which results in the formation of additional calcium-silicate-hydrate (C-S-H). Chloride penetration studies revealed that the powdered-NS significantly reduces the ingress of chloride ion as the microstructure is considerably improved by incorporating into cement mortar.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.162-165
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• 2003

The enzyme activity and the micronutrient content of powdered raw meal (PRM) and powdered processed meal (PPM) were compared. PRM was made of freeze-dried cereals, fruits, and vegetables. PPM was made of the same materials as PRM, but with heat processing such as steaming, roasting and hot air drying. The activity of $\alpha$-amylase of PRM was higher than that of PPM. However there were no differences of the concentration of proximate components between PRM and PPM. The concentrations of vitamin A, C, folic acid, biotin, calcium, potassium, sodium and iron in PRM were higher than in PPM, but there were no differences in vitamins E, B$_1$, B$_2$, phosphorus and zinc. This research demonstrated that PRM retains greater nutritional value because there is higher enzyme activity and less loss of micronutrients during processing in PRM than in PPM.

• 해양환경안전학회지
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.7-14
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• 2001

The amount of petroleum consumption has been Increased according to the industrialization and It leads to the increase of the possibility of marine oil pollution. In Korea, some countermeasures including oil skimmer, gelling agent and herding agent of oil have been used for the remediation of the pollution. However, most of them have lets of shortcomings in the application under in-situ condition, because they are sensitive to the situation such as geographical feature, the wind and the tide. In reported literature, the natural powdered oil absorbent which is made of peat moss is an effective mean to clean spilled oil from lake or coast. However, the peat moss is a natural resource which is only Produced from a specific cold weather are like Canada. This indicates that the alternative materials which is readily obtained from everywhere are needed for powdered oil absorbent. Therefore. in the study, same natural materials including pine leaves and straw are tested as the alternative materials for the absorbent. The raw materials were dried and treated by heat at various temperature during several Periods and then. shattered by a grain cracking machine. The oil sorption capacity of the prepared materials was compared according to the methods of heat treatment and their sizes. The proportion of hydrogen cyanide to combustion of the absorbents was measured to confirm their final disposal methods. The biodegradability test of the absorbents was carried our to evaluate possibility of a side pollution in the coast. In was found that the heat treatment of pine leaves enhanced the capacity of oil sorption and decreased the water sorption. The maximum oil sorption was observed for the material treated at 18$0^{\circ}C$for 60 min. The amount of hydrogen cyanide from the combustion were 0.09ml/g, 0.07ml/g for pine leaves and straw respectively meaning that the final disposal by combustion might be feasible. The amount or organic carbon extracted from pine leaves during 7 days was up to 0.015g organic carbon from one gram of pine leaves. but the degradation was as fast as for glucose. It is concluded that the pine leaves can be served as a good raw material for the powdered oil absorbent like peat moss.

• 한국콘크리트학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국콘크리트학회 2001년도 가을 학술발표회 논문집
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• pp.1065-1070
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• 2001

The present age, it has been often reported that recycling of wasted glasses should be a great topic in related business circles. For the enviromental reasons, a public institution are looking for the ways of recycling these waste glasses. Consequently, the purpose of this research is to recycle crushed and powdered waste glasses by substituting for the cement in mortar and concrete. First of all, the optimum replacement ratio of Powdered Waste Glasses(PWG) can be obtained from the pilot test results. Secondary, we make advances in recycling of waste glasses as recycled to make secondary concrete products. So, we manufactured concrete brick and block contained powdered waste glasses by through mortar pilot test.