• Journal of the Korean Institute of Traditional Landscape Architecture
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.61-74
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• 2013

This study examined and analyzed ancient writing and poetry regarding cases of appreciating plants by using pots in a garden of a palace or private houses by ancestors, and examined shape and planting method of plant species and potted plants, arrangement and preference of potted plants. As for the method of the study, description research method which examines and interprets poem and painting based on potted plants. The results of this study is summarized like the following. First, the plants which were favorably used for potted plants include 19 kinds such as Prunus mume, Pinus densiflora, Pinus pumila, Phyllostachys spp., Camellia japonica, Punica granatum, and Gardenia jasminoidesa, and as for herbs, 12 kinds such as Chrysanthemum monifolium and Nelumbo nusifera . Second, the species which were specially arranged into artificial shapes include Prunus mume and Pinus densiflora. The two plants made the shape of severe curves of stems such as Wangpi. Gyuban, and Bangan, and there are Pinus densiflora dwarfed potted plant whose roots are stretched on Prunus mume grafted into a strange stump and an oddly shaped stone. For the beauty of the dwarfed tree shape, pine cones are added to an old Pinus densiflora or Parthenocissus tricuspidata is planted to stems, and additional method of making moss on the soil, which is called 'Jongbunchuigyeong'. As for planting method, water culture, planting on a stone, planting on a charcoal, and assembled planting are expressed in poetry. Third, as for external space for potted plants, a place where a king stays, a bed room for a king, surrounding areas and gardens of private houses, and step stones were used as a space which adds artistic effects. Potted plants are placed on a table in a library, on a desk, on a drawer, and near a pillow as a small items in a room, and scholars enjoyed original characteristics and symbolism of the potted plants. Fourth, at the time of flowering of Prunus mume, poetry event was held to enjoy the tree and writing poetry begun. And at the time of flowering of Chrysanthemum monifolium, the flowers were floated in a liquor glass or shadow play was enjoyed. Fifth, potted plants played the role of garden ornaments in elegant events of a palace, the gentry, wedding ceremony, and sacrificial rites. Sixth, potted plants were used as tributes between countries, donation to a king, or a gift of a king. In addition, there were many cases where scholars exchanged potted plants and there is the first record of giving a potted plant in 'Mokeunsigo' by Mokeun Isaek, scholar in the late era of Goryeo. Seventh, at the time of flowering Prunus mume, Chrysanthemum monifolium, Gardenia jasminoides, Nelumbo nusifera, and Narcissustazetta var. chinensis, they enjoyed the particular fragrance and express it into poetry. Eighth, plant species from southern parts such as Camellia japonica, Daphne odora, Gardenia jasminoides, Citrus unshiu, Phyllostachys spp., Punica granatum, Rosa rugosa, and Musa basjoo, or foreign plant species, and species weak against the cold were utilized as pot plants for enjoying green trees indoors in northern central province in harshly cold winter.

• FLOWER RESEARCH JOURNAL
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.186-195
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• 2008

This works were developed for showing the diversity in natural and unnatural compositions. Floral designs works were created by using potted plant. Structures of spherical, cylindrical, pyramidal, and parasol type were constructed ahead of decoration with potted plants. Containers made of transparent umbrella, pottery, jute, etc. were used for planting plants. Novel ideas to decorate uncomfortable spaces were presented. As appreciation period of potted plants is long, it is expected that the designs and works using potted plants will be suitably utilized in various space.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.1904-1910
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• 2011

At most of the home or office, we have planted ornamental plants raised in pots, but it is difficult to follow because of busy life and lack of expertise in plants management. In this paper, we intend to design and implement a home network-based potted plants management system to solve the difficulty of plants management. To attain this end, firstly, we designed the structure of the plants management system, information flows and operation control flows. Secondly, we implemented the system based on designed results. Finally, we verified the implemented system through the functionality test for 10 items. In the results, it is expected that we can manage the potted plants efficiently than existing ornamental plant management systems and home network systems focusing appliances.

• FLOWER RESEARCH JOURNAL
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.64-67
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• 2011

In order to research the effects that indoor plants of apartments in Seoul have on the happiness index, we tried to analyze relationships between indoor plants which are nearest to the residents and happiness which is the final goal of the residents, and for this 200 residents who live in apartments in the Seoul city area were sampled. This study was based on the precedent studies of the facts that horticultural therapy and function of plants had already proven the affirmative roles of plants to people. The results were as follows. Residents reported that they were happiest when the plants were blooming(57%), when the plants were sprouting(33%), when repotting(2%), when distributing(2%) and others(7%). The residents exposed to indoor plants were in direction proportion to the happiness index within 1hour. Happiness indexes of the residents who cared for potted plants were by themselves was 67.90, when family members cared for the plants, 65.09, and when others cared, it was 64.79. The preference of indoor plants and the happiness index according to the scale of interior gardens were in direct proportion. Lastly, the happiness index of residents according to the number of potted plants, was in direct proportion: the more potted plants, the greater the happiness index.

• FLOWER RESEARCH JOURNAL
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.275-283
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• 2008

Eighteen accessions of Curcuma germplasm were evaluated for use as cut flowers or potted plants. Curcuma species or cultivars that have colorful showy bracts and long inflorescence longevity can be produced as cut flowers or potted plants. For cut flower uses, following cultivars were recommended: C. alismatifolia 'Chiangmai Pink', 'Tropic Snow', 'Chiangmai Dark Pink', 'Lady Di', and 'Siam Violet Lily' with long flower stalk length (40~55 cm) and long vase life. For potted plant production, C. alismatifolia 'Cambodian Scarlet', 'Cambodian Red', C. sparganifolia 'Siam ruby', and C. thorelii 'Chiangmai Snow' producing short flower stalk length (about 10~20 cm) were evaluated.

• Horticultural Science & Technology
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.43-47
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• 2011

This study was conducted to determine the effects of silver thiosulfate (STS) and 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP) on flower opening and lifespan of potted Kalanchoe blossfeldiana 'Oriba' for exportation. Ethylene inhibitors, STS and 1-MCP were applied to the kalanchoe plants prior to their export to Japan. STS 0.5 mM with 1% Tween 20 surfactant was directly sprayed (20 mL per plant) to leaves, buds, and flowers and 1-MCP 100 $nL{\cdot}L^{-1}$ was injected into sealed glass chambers containing kalanchoe plants, which were placed on the chambers for 6 hours. After transport to Japan, the plants were immediately transferred to a simulated retail condition room (80 ${\mu}mol{\cdot}m^{-2}{\cdot}s^{-1}$ for 12 hours of photoperiod at $22^{\circ}C$ and 64% RH) at Toyko University. The numbers of buds, open florets, and wilted florets in the middle inflorescence for each plant were counted right after export, 1 week after export, and 6 weeks after export. The percentages of open florets and wilted florets were calculated from the numbers. STS treatment resulted in 35% more open florets than the control and only 11% of wilted florets at 6 weeks after export to Japan which indicate the extension of lifespan of potted kalanchoe plants. Meanwhile, the plants exposed to 1-MCP before export did not show any significant differences in the numbers of buds and open florets and the percentages of open and wilted florets compared to control plants. In conclusion, STS 0.5 mM treatment strikingly induced better opening florets and lifespan of kalanchoe plants from 1 week to 6 weeks after export than control.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.112-119
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• 2004

Objective of this research was to evaluate the effects of nutrient solution strength and Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi (AMF, Glomus sp.) on growth and flowering of potted miniature rose (Rosa hybrids L. cv 'Scarlet'). To achieve this, plants cultured with six different strength of Japanese Horticultural Experiment Station solution (0.125, 0.25, 0.5, 1.0, 2.0, and $4.0\;{\times}\;{full}$ strength) and inoculated with AMP at cutting and transplanting. Leachate EC increased as solution strength were elevated. The leachate EC were not different between non-inoculated plants and AMF treatment at cutting, but significantly decreased when plants were inoculated with AMF at transplanting. The elevated strength of nutrient solution resulted in decrease of leachate pH. When plants were inoculated AMF at transplanting, leachate pH was lower than those of non-inoculated plants and inoculated with AMF at cutting. At harvesting (93 days after transplanting), plant height, leaf width, number of branches and shoot fresh and dry weight of rose 'Scarlet' increased with elevated nutrient solution strength. AMF treatment at transplanting of potted rose 'Scarlet' showed the best results in growth such as chlorophyll content, number of flowers, and shortening the days required to flower. The content of N, P, K, and Mn in leaf tissue of potted rose increased by elevated nutrient solution strength and AMF treatment, while the tissue Na contents decreased by an AMF treatment.

• FLOWER RESEARCH JOURNAL
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.85-92
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• 2008

The air anions generated by potted Cymbidium spp., Cymbidium Meglee 'Ms Taipei' Dendrobium phalaenopsis, Oncidium spp., Phalaenopsis spp., and Sedirea japonicum were investigated, and changes of air anion emission were measured as affected by volume rates of potted orchids put in chambers. The volume rates of 20, 40, 60, and 80% for potted Cymbidium spp. and 25, 50, 75, and 100% for potted Cymbidium Meglee 's Taipei'were used in closed chambers. Air anion emission by Cymbidium spp. ($332/cm^3$) and Cymbidium 's Taipei'($323/cm^3$) was the greatest among the tested six orchid species, followed by Dendrobium phalaenopsis ($250/cm^3$), Oncidium spp. ($203/cm^3$), Sedirea japonicum ($119/cm^3$), and Phalaenopsis spp. ($77/cm^3$). Air anion emission by Cymbidium spp. and Cymbidium Meglee 'Ms Taipei'g increased by 40% and 75%, respectively, and thereafter slightly decrease. Therefore, the volume rates of potted plants put in closed chambers should be less than 40% to compare with species and 30% seems most pertinent considering increasing relative humidity in closed chambers. Air anions were generated the greatest amount by potted Cymbidium genera among the orchids tested.

• Journal of People, Plants, and Environment
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• v.21 no.6
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• pp.445-460
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• 2018

Exposure to indoor air pollution is an emerging world-wide problem, with growing evidence that it is a major cause of morbidity worldwide. Whilst most indoor air pollutants are of outdoor origin, these combine with a range of indoor sourced pollutants that may lead to high pollutant levels indoors. The pollutants of greatest concern are volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and particulate matter (PM), both of which are associated with a range of serious health problems. Whilst current buildings usually use ventilation with outdoor air to remove these pollutants, botanical systems are gaining recognition as an effective alternative. Whilst many years research has shown that traditional potted plants and their substrates are capable of removing VOCs effectively, they are inefficient at removing PM, and are limited in their pollutant removal rates by the need for pollutants to diffuse to the active pollutant removal components of these systems. Active botanical biofiltration, using green wall systems combined with mechanical fans to increase pollutant exposure to the plants and substrate, show greatly increased rates of pollutant removal for both VOCs, PM and also carbon dioxide ($CO_2$). A developing body of research indicates that these systems can outperform existing technologies for indoor air pollutant removal, although further research is required before their use will become widespread. Whilst it is known that plant species selection and substrate characteristics can affect the performance of active botanical systems, optimal characteristics are yet to be identified. Once this research has been completed, it is proposed that active botanical biofiltration will provide a cheap and low energy use alternative to mechanical ventilations systems for the maintenance of indoor environmental quality.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Agricultural Machinery Conference
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• 1993.10a
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• pp.487-494
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• 1993

In order to establish a fully automatized pest control in the a greenhouse , the authors developed a prototype of microcomputer installed spraying vehicle which traveled along the furrows. Since a power sprayer mounted on the vehicle was driven by gasoline engine, plants grown in the greenhouse might be injured by the gas exhausted from the engine. Thus , effects of exhausted gas on photosynthetic rate and the shedding of flowers and buds of plants were examined. At first, effects of exhausted gas on photosynthetic rate of potted sweet pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) and eggplant(Solanum melongena L.) plants were examined. In a closed vinyl house the engine was operated for 5 minutes and plants were exposed to the gas for 2hours in the daytime on a fine day. Photosynthetic rate did not significantly decreased by the treatment in both species. Secondly, effects of ehtylene on the shedding of flowers and buds of sesame (Sesamum indicum L. ) were examined. In the closed and partiall opened vinyl house, the engine was operated for 5 minutes and potted sesame plants were exposed to the gas for 12 hours in the night. In partially opened vinyl house, ethylene concentration decreased to 0 ppm 3 hours after the engine was stopped and flower and bud did not shed. In contrast, when vinyl house was closed ethylene concentration was 0.75 pm even 12 hours after the engine was stopped and flowers and buds shed markedly and epinasty was observed in upper young leaves. As mentioned above , it was revealed that injury of plants in the greenhouse caused by the gas exhausted from a gasoline engine could be prevented by providing suitable ventilation.