• Carbon letters
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.107-111
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• 2011

Polyacrylonitrile (PAN) fibers were pre-oxidized in a temperature range of 180-275$^{\circ}C$. The effects of positive and negative stretching on the structure and morphology of PAN fiber in the pre-oxidation process were studied by FTIR spectroscopy, XRD, and SEM. Mechanical property changes were also investigated. No changes in the movement and intensity of functional groups of PAN fibers were caused by positive stretching of up to 10% and negative stretching down to -8%. The crystal structure can be affected by the positive stretching and negative stretching. The maximum strength is 479.81 MPa when the stretching is positive, and the maximum strength is 420.55 MPa when the stretching is negative.

• 대한물리의학회지
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• 제14권4호
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• pp.19-27
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• 2019

PURPOSE: This study examined which stretching exercise had the most positive effect on increasing the range of motion (ROM) of the knee joint in healthy people and whether there was a difference between continuous stretching and intermittent stretching. METHODS: This study included 30 healthy university students from OOO University. The subjects were asked to sit on a mat and perform hamstring-stretching exercise during which the ROM and muscle tone were measured with pre and post-tests. Each subject was assigned randomly to a continuous stretching group (stretching without relaxation time group, n=10, G1) or intermittent stretching group (stretching with 10s relaxing time group, n=10, G2; and stretching with 20s relaxing time group, n=10, G3). The participants conducted hamstring stretching exercises with a sit-and-reach box at three different rest times (0s, 10s, and 20s). Subsequently, they underwent passive knee extension (PKE) tests, in which the ROM of the knee joint was measured with a goniometer, and the muscle tone was evaluated using a MyotonPro. RESULTS: Significant differences in muscle tone, stiffness, and ROM were observed between pre-test and post-test in each groups (p<.05). Although the post hoc tests indicated no significant differences in muscle tone and ROM between the continuous stretching group and intermittent stretching group (p>.05), the rate of change of the ROM showed that the intermittent stretching group developed more effective maintenance of the hamstring flexibility. CONCLUSION: No significant differences in the muscle tone of the hamstring and ROM of the knee joint were observed according to the hamstring stretching exercises with three different rest times. On the other hand, the rate of change of the ROM showed that intermittent stretching maintained the hamstring flexibility more effectively.

• 한국전문물리치료학회지
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• 제26권4호
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• pp.63-69
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• 2019

Background: Both the rapid concentric and eccentric contractions during exercise repeatedly impose excessive stress on muscle tissue. The hamstring muscles are very susceptible to injury due to the tensile stress. Various interventions are currently being undertaken to prevent strain injury before exercise. Stretching is the most common method and is known to have a positive effect on flexibility and muscle performance. However, relatively few studies have investigated the potential negative factors of stretching. Objects: The purpose of this study was to examine changes in pain following the different intensity of the stretching and types of physical stress. Methods: The subjects were divided into three groups based on the intensity of stretching: 100% (S100), 75% (S75), and 50% (S50) of the measured force at the point of discomfort in static stretching and 100% (P100), 75% (P75), and 50% (P50) of the maximum voluntary isometric contraction in Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation (PNF) stretching. The pain individual subjects perceived after stretching was measured via a Visual Analog Scale (VAS) and compared between the groups Results: Despite the decrease in the intensity of static stretching, no decrease in VAS value was observed. In PNF stretching, a significant decrease was observed at P50 compared to P100. S100 was significantly higher than P75 and P50. Conclusion: Previous studies have shown that PNF has a superior or the same effect on flexibility in comparison with static stretching. This effect was maintained even in moderate intensity. PNF stretching performed under moderate rather than high intensive static stretching, which causes pain and discomfort, might be recommended in clinical settings.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• 제17권4호
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• pp.559-567
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• 2005

The purpose of this research is to study how the stretching exercise along with heat and electric therapy can effect on Angle of Lumbar Flexion and Reduction of Pain against the Hamstring Construction Symptom that can be found in the Chronic Low Back Patients. The target of research was 28 person selected out of the patients diagnosed as Lumbar Sprain and Lumbar Syndrome, who have positive from the active test of Hamstring construction and passive test. Their age range is 20 to 60 years old, 14 male and 14 female. As a research method, simple heat and electric therapy was applied to counter part while Hamstring Stretching Exercise including simple heat and electric therapy was applied to the experimental part. After 6 weeks treatment for each part, the results of effect on Angle of Lumbar Flexion and Pain Reduction was compared and analysed on the basis of the gravity angle meter and Visual Analogue Scale (VAS). The outcome of research is as follows: 1. Angle of Lumbar Flextion increased effectively not in the conventional counter group but the experimental group to which Hamstring Stretching was applied simultaneously. 2. remarkable effect was shown in the experimental part applied Hamstring Stretching. Consequently from the results of this study, we could find out the fact that the therapy combined preserve treatment and hamstring stretching not only produced increasing Lumbar Flexion Angle but also was more effective on reducing pain of the patients according to it than the conventional or preserve therapy.

• 한국전문물리치료학회지
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.34-41
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• 2009

The purpose of this study is to compare the outcomes of manual stretching treatment with those of motor development and positioning physical therapy (MDPPT) for congenital muscular torticollis (CMT). This study was designed to be randomized controlled trials and to evaluate the outcomes of 43 consecutive patients with CMT who were first seen when they were average 26 days old. Before treatments, the patients were unintentionallv classified into two clinical groups along with the treatment methods. Among the 43 patients, 22 were classified to the manual stretching group and 21 to the MDPPT group. By means of independent t-test on the result. the duration of treatment according to methods was not significantly different in two groups (p>.05). The duration of treatment in accordance with head tilt level was not significantly different in two groups (p>.05). There was change of mass diameter, between at the beginning day of treatment and after treatment in manual stretching group with a strong positive linear correlation (p=.000, r=.734), but slightly positive linear correlation in MDPPT group. The result of this study indicates that two therapeutic methods make little difference in effectiveness.

• 디지털융복합연구
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• 제14권12호
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• pp.525-535
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• 2016

본 연구는 고등학교 야구선수를 대상으로 운동 전 탄력밴드를 이용한 1회성 동체 PNF 스트레칭 운동을 통해 동체의 관절가동범위 및 구속변화에 어떠한 영향을 주는지를 알아봄에 연구의 목적이 있다. 이를 위하여 현재 I 광역시 소재 고등학교 소속 야구선수 11명을 대상으로 동체 PNF 스트레칭을 던지는 팔을 중심으로 전방 및 후방향으로 각 30회 실시한 후 동체 관절가동범위와 구속을 측정하였으며, 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 동체 PNF 스트레칭 운동 후 동체 관절가동범위는 유의한 증가를 보였다. 둘째, PNF 스트레칭 운동 후 최고, 최저 및 평균구속은 유의하게 증가하였다. 셋째, PNF 동체스트레칭 운동 후 선수들의 투구시 힘듦 정도는 유의하게 감소하였다. 이러한 결과는 야구선수들의 탄력밴드를 이용한 1회성 동체 PNF 스트레칭 운동을 통해 ROM 증가 및 구속증가를 기대할 수 있음을 나타낸다.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• 제31권5호
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• pp.266-272
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• 2019

Purpose: This study compared the effects of Static stretching and Mulligan's Two-leg rotation about the Hamstring flexibility, Hip range of motion, and pain. Methods: The subjects were allocated randomly into two groups: Static stretching group (n=13) and Mulligan's two leg rotation group (n=14). The study was designed with stretching protocols for four minutes and thirty seconds per day five times a week for three weeks in total. Measurements, including the Sit and reach test, Active/Passive Straight leg raise, and Visual analogue scale, were conducted before and after the intervention. The data were analyzed using a paired t-test and independent t-test. Results: The flexibility of the two leg rotation group was higher than the static stretching group after the intervention. The post-sit and reach test value of the two leg rotation group was significantly higher than the pre-sit and reach test value of the static stretching group. In addition, the variance of the sit and reach test of the two leg rotation group was significantly higher than that of the static stretching group. Conclusion: These results showed that two leg rotation techniques have a positive effect on the changes in the sit and reach test and active straight leg raise test. Two leg rotation techniques can be recommended as a self-stretching and easier way to stabilize the lumbopelvic rhythm, reduce the stiffness of the muscle and relieve pain. This is effective in preventing muscle damage, enabling muscle relaxation and reducing the risk of injury to the spine during daily lives and in sports activities.

• 한국직업건강간호학회지
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.11-18
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• 2015

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to test effects of fatigue reduction program for women workers at a food production company. Methods: A quasi-experimental design was conducted. Eighteen workers in vitamin E group, 16 workers in vitamin E and stretching group, and 18 workers in stretching only group participated. Participants were evaluated at baseline and 8 weeks. Results: The results showed that stretching only group had a significant impact on reducing of fatigue level compared to those of a vitamin E group. Conclusion: Although vitamin E supplement has not shown decreasing fatigue level, the positive effect of stretching exercise may have high applicability to a workplace.

• 융합정보논문지
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• 제8권6호
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• pp.93-99
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• 2018

본 연구는 대학생을 대상으로 지연성근육통 유발 후 수동적 스트레칭의 효과를 확인하고 부상 시 효과적인 통증완화 및 예방을 위한 재활 운동프로그램을 제안하고자 한다. 연구대상자는 20대 남자 대학생을 대상으로 수동적 스트레칭그룹과 통제그룹으로 구분하였다. 수동적 스트레칭 그룹은 지연성근육통 유발 후 수동적 스트레칭을 실시하였으며 통제그룹은 지연성근육통 유발 후 어떠한 처치도 실시하지 않았다. 지연성근육통 유발 방법은 벤치 스텝 운동을 통하여 유발하였으며, 스텝박스의 높이는 50cm이며, 착지 시 왼쪽 하지 쪽으로 착지하도록 하였다. 측정변인은 혈중피로물질과 주관적 통증척도를 알아보았으며 자료처리는 수동적 스트레칭 그룹과 통제그룹의 비교를 위하여 2-way RGRM ANOVA를 실시하였다. 결론적으로 지연성근육통 유발 후 수동적 스트레칭이 혈중피로물질(CRP, LDH)과 주관적 통증척도(VAS)에 긍정적 효과가 있는 것으로 나타났다.

• 한국운동역학회지
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• 제28권4호
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• pp.207-211
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• 2018

Objective: The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of an 8-week SMR, stretching, and band program on lower limb alignment (distance between the knees, Q angle) and gait (gait speed, stride length, impulse, and peak pressure) in female in their 20s who have genu varum. Method: The participants, female in their 20s who had genu varum, were randomly divided into the SMR, Stretching, and Band group (SSB, n=9), Stretching and Band group (SB, n=9), and Control Group (CG, n=9). Experimental group A (SSB) performed 3 50-minute sessions of the program per week for 8 weeks while the experimental group B (SB) performed stretching and band correctional exercise in 3 40-minute sessions per week for 8 weeks. The control group had no correctional exercise program. Results: Only the SSB group showed a significant increase in gait velocity and stride length in this study. The SSB and SB group showed a significant decrease of impulse on the forefoot after exercise program suggests that SMR and elastic band exercise had a positive effect on the distribution of foot pressure. Conclusion: We concluded that 8-week genu varum correctional exercise program had beneficial effects on the gait parameters (gait velocity, stride length, impulse, peak pressure) in 20s women with genu varum.