• Management & Information Systems Review
• /
• v.33 no.5
• /
• pp.155-169
• /
• 2014

We meet many difficult challenges from many factors such as crime, natural disasters, social unrest, financial problems, employment, and so on. It therefore essential to cope with these negative stressful events to attain a state of personal well-being. Lately in the field of psychology and psychiatry, a concept called 'resilience' has received increasing attention. Resilience embodies the personal qualities that enable one to thrive in the face of adversity. Also it refers to the process of overcoming the negative effect of risk exposure, coping successfully with adversity, and avoiding the negative trajectories associated with risks. Resilience people were expected to do their innovative work behavior well. And SUS(supervisor support), COS(coworker support), OEMC(organizational error management culture) influence the relationship of resilience between Innovative Behavior. This study focused on three question. First, how is resilience relate to individual performance in the organization? And second, are there any moderate factors between resilience and individual performance. As the result of the hierarchical regression analysis, resilience indicates positive effects on IB and IB was predicted by interaction of resilience by SUS and OEMC. Findings in this study indicated that the level of SUS and OEMC should be considered in interpreting the resilience and Innovative Behavior.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
• /
• v.22 no.4
• /
• pp.569-588
• /
• 1992

This study examined the relationship between the experience of stressful life events and somatic symptoms of urban women. Data were collected by interviewing 200 women from June to July 1, 1991. Vsable data work obtained from 162 of the women. Modified version of a stressful life events measurement tool developed p.5. Lee (1984) and the Somatic Discomfort Inventory by Wittenborn were used to measure the variables. Data were processed by an 5.p.5.5. program and analyzed. statistically for percentage, T-test, ANOYA and Pearson Correlation coefficient. Result of the Study are as follows : 1) The group total mean score of stressful life events was 92.66 $\pm$ 10.41. The higher scores in the $\boxDr$Test and school$\boxUl$ of the Extrapersonal factor, in the $\boxDr$Health problems$\boxUl$ of the Intrapersonal factor and $\boxDr$Conflict and differences within the family$\boxUl$ of the Interpersonal factor, factors. which a suggested by Neuman's model. 2) The group total mean score for somatic symptoms was 100.41$\pm$9.74. The higher scores were for the factors of $\boxDr$Fatigue (1.94)$\boxUl$, $\boxDr$Menopause (1.74)$\boxUl$, $\boxDr$Muscular system(1.67)$\boxUl$ and $\boxDr$Sleeping (1.67)$\boxUl$ 3) The mean scores of stressful life events were higher in the 40~60 age group, for middle school graduates(P＜.05), career women and those in nuclear families (P＞.05). 4) The mean scores of somatic symptoms were higher in the 45~60 age group, for middle school graduates, non career women and women with 5 or more children(P＜.05). 5) There was a positive correlation between the scores of stressful life events and somatic symptoms (r＝.585 P＜.05). The higher the level of stressful life events the higher the score of somatic symptoms, the results were consistent with the Extrapersonal, Intrapersonal and Interpersonal stress factors of Neuman's Health Care Systems. This research assessed the stressful life events of women, who play the most important role in the family for illness prevention and health promotion and suggested the importance of programs in the Primary Health Services to build basic coping resources.

• Child Health Nursing Research
• /
• v.6 no.2
• /
• pp.199-211
• /
• 2000

Today, more chronically ill and handicapped children are being cared for at home by a family member caregiver. The task of caring for a family member may feel burden that the caregiver has less time and money and more work. Family functioning and their burden have influence on coping and adaptation of families with chronically-ill children. This study attempted to identify the levels of burden and family functioning in families of children with cerebral palsy and to examine their relationships. The instruments were burden scale developed by Suh and Oh(1993), and a modified Feetham Family Functioning Survey based on Roberts and Feetham.(1982). The subjects were 98 parents of children, under 15 years, who have cerebral palsy and being treated and living in Pusan. Data were collected through a self-administered question- aire from April 26 to May 29. The collected data were tested using frequencies, percentiles, means, t-test, ANOVA, and Pearson correlation coefficient with SPSSWIN program. The results of this study were as follows ; 1. The mean rating scores of burden and family functioning were 2.79±.51 and 4.12±.69, respectively. 2. The relationships between general character- istics and burden were statistically significant difference : degree of children's handicap(F=6.333, P<.01). The relationships between general characteristics and family functioning were statistically significant differences : familial relation with the children(F=3.628, P<.05), caregiver's health status(F=4.359, P<.05), age of children (F=4.185, P<.05), and duration of treatment (F=6.802, P<.01). 3. In families of children with cerebral palsy, there was significantly negative correlation between the burden of parents and the performance of family functioning(r=-.230, P<.05). There were significantly negative correlations between the burden of parents and the satisfaction of family functioning (r=-.211, P<.05), and between the perceived importance and the satisfaction of family functioning(r=-.481, P<.01); however, there was a positive correlation between the performance and the perceived importance of family functioning(r=.425, P<.01). In conclusion, this study suggests that families of children with cerebral palsy need family-focused nursing interventions as supportive care for relieving their burden and for improving family functioning.

• Korean Journal of Social Welfare
• /
• v.65 no.2
• /
• pp.335-356
• /
• 2013

Physical resources are central to coping with economic hardships for people in low-income, yet life experiences such as resource loss and gain and their relationships with a sense of well-being received scarce attention. Thus this study investigated levels of loss and gain of physical resources, economic stability and well-being of 254 adults who participated in welfare-to-work programs; correlations and paths among these variables; and direct and indirect effects of economic stability by structural equation modeling. Major results were: first, the levels of resource loss and gain were below a moderate level and the level of gain was significantly higher than the loss level. Second, in the relationships with both economic stability and well-being, resource loss showed negative correlations, while resource gain showed significantly positive correlations. Third, the negative direct effect of resource loss either on the economic stability or on the well-being respectively was significant and the indirect effect on well-being through economic stability was also significant. Finally, the direct effect of resource gain on either economic stability or well-being was significant; and the indirect effect of resource gain on well-being was also significant. Thus in both models for resource loss and gain, the indirect effect of economic stability was significant, which supports partial mediation model. Based on these results, implications for social work practice and research were examined, particularly for enabling social work practice to utilize information regarding resource loss and gain, economic stability, and a sense of well-being that were embedded in the community life of people in low-income.

• Journal of Music and Human Behavior
• /
• v.17 no.1
• /
• pp.25-50
• /
• 2020

This case study explored changes in resilience of North Korean defector adolescents who underwent supportive music psychotherapy that included song discussion and song writing. Participants were three adolescents who escaped from North Korea. Sixty-minute sessions were conducted twice a week over four weeks for a total of seven sessions. The sessions were constructed to enhance hardiness and goal-directedness and used the process of discussing song lyrics, writing original lyrics, and composing music to help the participants strengthen their inner resources and identify healthier and more adaptive strategies for living in South Korea. The resilience scale measured at pre- and post-intervention showed that all participants increased their total scores and subscores related to hardiness and goal-directedness. Also, observation and analysis of their behavior, verbal responses, and lyric writing during the sessions revealed that the participants engaged more in the song-based music therapy process as the sessions went on and also expressed more positive perceptions of their ability to manage challenges and stress. These results indicate that active engagement in decision-making related to creating lyrics and composing music helped the North Korean defector adolescents to perceive themselves as capable of coping with stressful situations and independently solving problems, which are important for enhancing resilience.

• Molecules and Cells
• /
• v.43 no.4
• /
• pp.360-372
• /
• 2020

The basal ganglia network has been implicated in the control of adaptive behavior, possibly by integrating motor learning and motivational processes. Both positive and negative reinforcement appear to shape our behavioral adaptation by modulating the function of the basal ganglia. Here, we examined a transgenic mouse line (G2CT) in which synaptic transmissions onto the medium spiny neurons (MSNs) of the basal ganglia are depressed. We found that the level of collaterals from direct pathway MSNs in the external segment of the globus pallidus (GPe) ('bridging collaterals') was decreased in these mice, and this was accompanied by behavioral inhibition under stress. Furthermore, additional manipulations that could further decrease or restore the level of the bridging collaterals resulted in an increase in behavioral inhibition or active behavior in the G2CT mice, respectively. Collectively, our data indicate that the striatum of the basal ganglia network integrates negative emotions and controls appropriate coping responses in which the bridging collateral connections in the GPe play a critical regulatory role.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Radiology
• /
• v.11 no.7
• /
• pp.647-653
• /
• 2017

The purpose of this study is to provide basic data for policy making by understanding preparation plans and awareness of nuclear accidents and radiation terrorism among police officers in the vicinity of nuclear power plants. 221 police officers working in Busan metropolitan city were surveyed and their perception of disaster response was analyzed by organizational structure, command ability, and opinion management. As a result, there was no significant difference in disaster response perception by gender and command class (p>.05). There was statistically significant difference in the ability of command in age and ability according to work experience. As a result of the correlation analysis, there were statistically significant correlations among the three items of organizational structure perception, command ability, and opinion management (+0.5) (p<.01). Overall, it was positive for the police system, and it was well aware of the police work in case of radiation accidents and terrorist attacks. The purpose of this study is to provide basic data for policy making by understanding the coping and awareness of nuclear accidents and radiation terrorism among police officers in the vicinity of nuclear power plants.

• Korean Journal of Childcare and Education
• /
• v.6 no.3
• /
• pp.23-44
• /
• 2010

This study analyzed the relationships mother's discipline style, preschooler's emotional regulation strategies, and preschooler's leadership. The subjects were 180 preschoolers who were 5 years old and their mothers live in Gwang-ju and Jeon-Nam province. Collected data were analyzed by descriptive statistics, Pearson's correlation, and stepwise regression analysis using the program of SPSS. The findings of the study were as follows. (1) there was a difference between the average score of subcategory and the total score of leadership according to the gender of preschooler and mother's employment and her educational background. However, there was no difference from the birth order of preschooler. (2) A correlation was not found between mother's discipline style and preschooler's leadership, but the significant negative correlation showed up between preschooler's emotional regulation strategies and preschooler's leadership. (3) The leadership of preschoolers who use positive coping strategies of a sub-area of emotional regulation strategies appeared strong. And the leadership appeared low with a boy who uses avoidant & supportive strategies, supportive strategies, aggressive strategies and venting strategies more often. Furthermore, the model of explanatory adequacy (R2) of some independent variables from the average scores of subcategory and the total score of leadership was confirmed to be the statistically significant explanatory model.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
• /
• v.44 no.5
• /
• pp.366-377
• /
• 2011

Glutathione S-transferase (GST) is a multigene family of phase II detoxifying enzymes that metabolize a wide range of exogenous and endogenous electrophilic compounds. GSTM1 and GSTT1 gene polymorphisms may account for inter-individual variability in coping with oxidative stress. We investigated the relationships between the level of lymphocyte DNA and antioxidative parameters and the effect on GST genotypes. GSTM1 and GSTT1 were characterized in 301 young healthy Korean adults and compared with oxidative stress parameters such as the level of lymphocyte DNA, plasma antioxidant vitamins, and erythrocyte antioxidant enzymes in smokers and non smokers. GST genotype, degree of DNA damage in lymphocytes, erythrocyte activities of superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), and plasma concentrations of total radical-trapping antioxidant potential (TRAP), vitamin C, ${\alpha}$- and ${\gamma}$-tocopherol, ${\alpha}$- and ${\beta}$-carotene, and cryptoxanthin were analyzed. Lymphocyte DNA damage assessed by the comet assay was higher in smokers than that in non-smokers, but the levels of plasma vitamin C, ${\beta}$-carotene, TRAP, erythrocyte catalase, and GSH-Px were lower than those of non-smokers (p < 0.05). Lymphocyte DNA damage was higher in subjects with the GSTM1- or GSTT1-present genotype than those with the GSTM1-present or GSTT1- genotype. No difference in erythrocyte antioxidant enzyme activities, plasma TRAP, or vitamin levels was observed in subjects with the GSTM1 or GSTT1 genotypes, except ${\beta}$-carotene. Significant negative correlations were observed between lymphocyte DNA damage and plasma levels of TRAP and erythrocyte activities of catalase and GSH-Px after adjusting for smoking pack-years. Negative correlations were observed between plasma vitamin C and lymphocyte DNA damage only in individuals with the GSTM1-present or GSTT1- genotype. The interesting finding was the significant positive correlations between lymphocyte DNA damage and plasma levels of ${\alpha}$-carotene, ${\beta}$-carotene, and cryptoxanthin. In conclusion, the GSTM1- and GSTT1-present genotypes as well as smoking aggravated antioxidant status through lymphocyte DNA damage. This finding confirms that GST polymorphisms could be important determinants of antioxidant status in young smoking and non-smoking adults. Consequently, the protective effect of supplemental antioxidants on DNA damage in individuals carrying the GSTM1- or GSTT1-present genotypes might show significantly higher values than expected.

• Journal of Korean Society of Transportation
• /
• v.25 no.2 s.95
• /
• pp.39-50
• /
• 2007

This study investigated how drivers' cognitive characteristics, such as perception-motor skills and safety-seeking motivation; personal characteristics, such as sensation-seeking disposition coping with physical and social dangers; their self-perceived driving ability; and their normal driving behaviors influence the number of driving violations. 352 drivers participated in the study. MANOVA was performed in order to test the differences in their driving behaviors according to their level of sensation-seeking disposition and driving ability, and Structural Equation Modeling was used to examine the causal relationships among their demographic characteristics, sensation-seeking dispositions, driving ability, driving behaviors and the number of violations. The results indicated that drivers who had higher perception-motor skills seemed to be careful with pedestrians. From the results, drivers who had somewhat higher safety-seeking motivation tended to violate fewer traffic regulations intentionally or accidentally and showed more positive driving behaviors. Furthermore, drivers who had higher perception-motor skills, higher sensation-seeking disposition, and lower safety-seeking motivation had a tendency to violate intentionally more traffic regulations. The older drivers showed driving behaviors that were careful of pedestrians. The drivers who had higher sensation-seeking disposition and longer driving careers violated more traffic regulations, both intentionally and accidentally. Results from LISREL indicated that the predictive variables directly or indirectly influenced on drivers' violation numbers ($x^2$=341.62(p=.00), GFI=.94. RMR=.10).