• ALGAE
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• 제31권1호
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• pp.33-39
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• 2016

Blooms of macroalgae have grown over the planet in recent decades as a possible result of eutrophication of coastal waters. Visually, a bloom forming can be identified by dominant presence of an organism at the expense of others. In mid-January 2014, a forming bloom of red algae was detected on the beach of Garopaba, Santa Catarina State, Brazil. This aroused the interest of tourists and locals as well as the scientific community. Thus, the objective of this study was to characterize and quantify the photosynthetic floating organisms contributing to this phenomenon. In addition, we qualitatively compared algal composition of the bloom to those deposited in the post-beach area and the adjacent rocky shore community. Five sampling points in random patches of floating material were defined. At each point, five replicates were taken with a cube of 32,768 cm³, resulting in a total of 25 samples. Samples were collected in the inner area enclosed by a PVC quadrate of about 900 cm² from the shore and the specimens found in post-beach zone (wrack). Twenty-four taxa of macroalgae were found in the bloom, with Aglaothamnion uruguayense as the dominance one. Ten taxa were found on shore. Only four taxa were found in the post-beach area. The biomass estimated for A. uruguayense in the floating material was 8.35 tons with an estimated area of 52,770 m² . It is possible that this huge biomass value of the bloom is related to the local nutrient intake, and our results reinforce the necessity of coastal integrative management initiatives.

• 대한기계학회논문집B
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• 제34권7호
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• pp.703-714
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• 2010

본 연구에서는 크리깅 기법을 이용하여 엇갈린 핀휜이 부착된 회전하는 내부냉각유로의 형상 최적화를 수행하였다. 냉각유로 형상의 여러 매개변수 중 핀의 지름과 높이의 비, 핀의 지름과 핀과 핀 사이의 거리의 비를 최적설계를 위한 설계변수로 선택하였다. 열전달 관련 목적함수와 마찰손실 관련 목적함수를 가중계수를 이용하여 선형적으로 결합한 목적함수를 정의하였다. 크리깅 모델을 구축하기 위해 라틴하이퍼큐브 샘플링기법에 의해 생성된 20개 실험점에서 목적함수가 SST난류모델을 사용한 삼차원 레이놀즈평균 나비어-스톡스(RANS) 유동해석법에 의해 계산되었다. 크리깅 기법을 통하여 예측된 목적함수값은 RANS해석을 이용해 계산된 값과 매우 작은 오차 범위 내에서 일치하였으며, 최적설계를 통해 목적함수가 11% 감소하는 결과를 얻었다.

• 대한기계학회논문집A
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• 제35권5호
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• pp.479-485
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• 2011

열 전자 방출 형 전자 빔 장치에서 영상을 획득하기 위해서는 텅스텐 필라멘트에서 발생한 전자빔을 스캔 할 장치가 필요하다. 이때, 스캔 되는 주파수에 따라서 시료 표면에서 튀어 나오는 2 차 전자신호에 대하여 잡음 성분의 발생이 다르게 나타난다. 본 연구에서는 잡음 성분 제거를 위한 필터 설계를 위해서 2 차 전자신호에 대한 실시간 주파수 분석을 통해 신호와 잡음 성분을 구분했다. 그리고 부동 소수점 연산이 가능한 DSP 에서 디지털 필터 설계를 통하여 신호대비 잡음 성분 제거를 통하여 고배율로 획득한 전자현미경의 영상의 질을 향상 시켰다.

• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
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• 제30권1호
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• pp.133-144
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• 2014

This study was carried out to review the pattern of forest stand development for six Gangwondo Baekdudaegan Mountains which experienced different type and duration of intensive legal protection. Vegetation data from point sampling method were employed to classify community types by cluster analysis on the basis of the importance values of canopy tree species for the study areas. The names of classified communities were given by the composition of dominant tree species. The communities were also compared one another in terms of stand structure by species diversity index. The results indicated that National Parks (Seoraksan and Odaesan) had greater proportion of mixed mesophytic forest type which was supposed to progress further forest succession process so as to have more complex and diversified stand structure. On the other hand, ordinary forest areas (Seokbyeongsan and Deokhangsan) had greater proportion of the forest types which was dominatively composed of Quercus mongolica and Pinus densiflora. The forest types with large amount of these two species would tend to develop for relatively short period of time of 40-50 years after artificial disturbances. Hyangnobong of Natural Protection Area and Hambaeksan of Natural Ecosystem Conservation Area showed intermediate stand development pattern in between National Parks and ordinary forest areas. The period of intensive legal protection of the forest area was positively correlated with species diversity index (R=0.736), and noted that the forest which received intensive protection regulation for longer period tended to show more complex and diversified stand structure.

• 대한전자공학회논문지TC
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• 제42권11호
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• pp.61-66
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• 2005

본 논문은 WLAN에 이용되는 상위 6비트 온도계 코드의 전류원 셀 매트릭스와 중간 2비트 온도계 코드의 전류원, 그리고 하위 2비트 이진 가중치 코드의 서브 블록으로 구성된 10비트 210MHz의 CMOS 전류구동 디지털-아날로그 데이터 변환기(DAC)을 설계하였다. 제안된 새로운 글리치 억제회로는 입력된 신호의 교차되는 위치를 조절함으로써, 글리치 에너지를 최소화하도록 설계하였다. 또한 제안된 10비트 DAC는 CMOS $0.35{\mu}m$ 2-poly 4-metal 공정을 이용하여 설계하였으며, 유효 칩 면적은 5mm2이다. 제안된 10비트 DAC 칩의 측정결과, 변환속도는 210MHz, DNL/INL은 각각 ${\pm}0.7LSB/{\pm}1.1LSB$이며, 글리치 에너지는 $76pV{\cdot}sec$이고, SNR은 50dB, SFDR은 53dB((a)200MHz), 전력소비는 83mW((a)3.3V)로 측정되었다.

• 대한전자공학회논문지SP
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• 제47권1호
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• pp.44-52
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• 2010

본 논문에서는 기존 평행좌표를 이용하는 얼굴영상 대신 극 좌표계 변환을 이용한 얼굴 인식 방법을 제안한다. 이 방법은 얼굴의 중심부분의 한 점을 극으로 삼아 이 점을 기준으로 360도의 각 방향으로 일정 길이만큼 얼굴 영상을 샘플링하여 새로운 얼굴 영상을 제작하고 이를 바탕으로 기존의 특징 추출 방법들을 이용하여 얼굴 인식의 성능을 높인다. 극 좌표계의 특성상 극에 가까운 부분은 세밀하게 묘사되고 극에서 멀리 떨어질수록 영상의 정확도가 떨어진다. 일반적으로 얼굴 영상은 얼굴의 중심부에 가까운 영역에 눈, 코, 입 등의 주요 부위가 밀집되어 있다. 따라서 이러한 극 좌표계를 얼굴영상에 적용한다면 같은 화소를 이용하는 기존 평행좌표를 사용할 때보다 눈, 코, 입 등 주요 부위를 보다 세밀하게 표현할 수 있다는 장점을 갖는다. 제안된 방법을 Yale데이터와 FRGC데이터에 적용한 후 기존의 특징 추출 방법인 LDA와 NLDA를 이용하여 얼굴인식을 수행한 결과 평행좌표에 기반한 원 영상을 그대로 사용했을 때 보다 인식률이 향상됨을 확인할 수 있었다.

• 한국치위생학회지
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• 제15권4호
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• pp.671-677
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• 2015

Objectives: The purpose of the study was to examine the influencing factors of self-reported dry mouth in the employees in social welfare facilities. Methods: A self-reported questionnaire was completed by 260 employees in social welfare facilities from January 5 to 30, 2015 by convenience sampling method. Except 25 incomplete answers, 215 data were analyzed by t test, one way ANOVA, Pearson's correlation coefficient analysis, and multiple linear regression analysis using SPSS 180. program. The questionnaire consisted of general characteristics of the subjects, health-related characteristics, whole body dryness and self-reported dry mouth. The oral health-related quality of life was measured by five point Likert scale, and a higher score indicated a lower quality of life. Results: The self-reported dry mouth in the employees in the social welfare facilities varied by the general health status, stress, oral health status and oral malodor. The self-reported dry mouth was closely related to the quality of life and the four subfactors including dryness of skin, eye, lip and nasal mucosa. The quality of life had the influence on the self-reported dry mouth, nasal mucosa dryness, eye dryness, and oral malodor in order. Conclusions: The self-reported dry mouth was closely related to whole body dryness and the quality of life. It is necessary to develop the quality of life improvement programs that prevent and manage the dry mouth and whole body dryness in the employees in the social welfare facilities.

• 환경영향평가
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.121-127
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• 2006

The conventional water quality measurements by point sampling provide only site specific temporal water quality information but not the synoptic geographic coverage of water quality distribution. To circumvent these limitations in temporal and spatial measurements, the use of remote sensing is increasingly involved in the water quality monitoring research. In other to assess a trophic state of Yongdam reservoir using satellite imagery data, I obtained Landsat ETM data and water quality data on 16th September and 18th October 2001. The approach involved acquisition of water quality samples from boats at 33 sites on 16th September and 30 sites on 18th October 2001, simultaneous with Landsat-7 satellite overpass. The correlation coefficients between the DN values of the imagery and the concentrations of chlorophyll-a were analyzed. The visible bands(band 1,2,3) and near infrared band(band 4) data of September image showed the correlation coefficient values higher than 0.9. The October image showed the correlation coefficient values about 0.7 due to the atmospheric effect and low variation of chlorophyll-a concentration. Regression models between the chrophyll-a concentration and DN values of the Landsat imagery data have been developed for each image. The regression model was determined based on the spectral characteristics of chlorophyll, so the green band(band 2) and near infrared band(band 4) were selected to generate a trophic state map. The coefficient of determination(R2) of the regression model for 16th September was 0.95 and that of the regression model for 18th October was 0.55. According to the trophic state map made based on Aizaki's TSI and chlorophyll-a concentration, the trophic state of Yongdam reservoir was mostly eutrophic state during this study.

• 환경영향평가
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• 제21권6호
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• pp.917-925
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• 2012

In this study, we report the runoff characteristics of pollutants for Tamjin A and B watershed in Tamjin river basin using statistical analysis, such as correlation analysis and regression equation. Flow rate and water qualtiy data collected from 2 sampling sites(Tamjin A and B watershed) during 3 years(2009~2011) were analyzed for biochemical oxygen demand(BOD), total nitorgen(TN), total phosphorus(TP) and suspended solid(SS). The results showed that strong correlations were observed between flow rate and SS in Tamjin A, while weak correlations were observed among the BOD, TN, and TP. In Tamjin B, strong correlations were observed among the flow rate, SS and T-P except BOD and TP. Meanwhile, the values of $R^2$ for regression equations between flow rate and pollutants load were greater than 0.7. Results of these statistics indicated that there was a good agreement between flow rate and pollutants load. Also, the flow rate exponents of regression equations for BOD, TN, and TP were smaller than 1 in Tamjin A. In Tamjin B, flow rate exponents of regression equation for BOD and TP were smaller than 1. These results indicated that concentrations of BOD, TN, TP in Tamjin A and concentrations of BOD and TP were decreased as the flow rate was increased. This means that rater than nonpoint sources, point sources affect BOD, TN and TP in Tamjin A and BOD and TP in Tamjin B.

• 한국토양환경학회지
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• 제2권3호
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• pp.81-88
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• 1997

본 조사의 목적은 적절한 조사방법이 미흡한 주유소에서의 오염현황 조사방법 및 그에 따른 주변지역으로의 오염물질이전 및 환경적 영향을 평가하는 것이다. Site assessment 방법에는 몇가지의 접근방법이 있는데, 본 OO 주유소 오염현황조사에서는 임의격자법/삼각매트릭스법을 사용하였다. 조사결과에 의하면, 주유소에서의 물질성상은 몇 가지의 형태로 분류할 수 있었다. 지층구조는 약 2.5M까지는 매립토(잡석 & 모래)로 충진하였으며, 2.5-4M 까지는 부드러운 모래와 미사토(Silty Sand)의 자연적인 토양층를 나타내고 있었다. 또한 4.0M 가까이에는 풍화토(C층)가 출현하였다(그림3. 지층구조측면도 참조).저장탱크지역의 지하수위는 약 2.0M이며 남쪽에 흐르고 있는 개천의 수위와 거의 일정하게 유 지되고 있음을 알 수 있었다. 결론적으로, 이 주유소에서의 오염현황조사에서는 실제 UST나 배관 주위에서의 누출에 의한 실제오염은 찾아낼 수 없었지만, 기름을 충진한 후 버려지는 슬러지들이 부분적인 오염의 원인이 될 수 있다는 것을 본 현황조사를 통하여 알아낼 수 있었다.