• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.59-71
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• 2006

Due to the rapid process of industrialization the cities of Korea confront changes of climate, destructions of the habitate and decrease of the green. Recently Seoul and other local governments have implemented policies and projects to improve the environmental surroundings. In reality, however, those policies and projects face difficulties in the course of implementation. The fact that there are no concrete regulations and specific legal procedures turns out to be one of the main difficulties. The aim of this study is to present specific plans and methods of wall-planting and to provide basic guidelines for the future direction of wall-planting and offer ideas of facilitating wall-planting. This study is based on questionnaires from specialists of landscape architecture through individual interviews and/or e-mails. The questionnaire is consisted of following 4 sections. 1. Show the experts current regulations and/or legal procedures and ask them improvements and suggestions. 2. Ask them choose matters of the highest priority by using Ricardo's diagram method. 3. Ask them to make a graded list in terms of the location and method of wall-planting. 4. Study the maketability of the wall-planting products currently in circulation. The city of Seoul and the Ministry of Environment recommend that trellis and/or planting inducement structures be installed on the building wall by regulation. The specialists responded to the questionnaire advocate that green wall without trellis should be allowed as green zone. Therefore regulations concerning the wall-planting should be determined specifically according to the characteristics of individual plants and walls. It has been urged that legal aid and social support must be reinforced to establish rules dealing with wall-planting. The respondents also point out that significant cutting down of the tax is far more effective in accelerating the wall-green instead of administrative support. The highest priority in terms of planting has been given to sound-proof wall, retaining wall and building wall. Concerning the maketability of the wall-planting products, panel products are recommended for early-planting and building planting. It has been suggested that the research and study of new materials and species be done in advance.

• Proceedings of the Korea Concrete Institute Conference
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• 2001.11a
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• pp.929-934
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• 2001

As the notion of environment protection changes throughout the world, construction engineers, as part of the effort to resolve environmental problems, have been actively doing research on environmental friendly porous concrete using large and non-uniform aggregate. Concrete having a great deal of continuous porosity enable water and air to pass freely through firmly hardened material, allowing necessary nutrients to reach roots of vegetation, thereby sustaining them. It is possible to prevent the exhaustion of natural resources by recycling waste concrete and industrial by-products, to reduce damage caused by the destruction of nature through effective management of natural resources, to preserve the natural environment and vegetation in urban areas by activating the soil, protecting the underground ecology system, and growing garden plants through the application of environmentally friendly concrete.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Building Construction Conference
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• 2023.11a
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• pp.199-200
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• 2023

Eco-friendly concrete contains only 5% of cement yet achieves equal or greater strength compared to conventional concrete, reducing salt-attack impact and hydration heat by more than 30% and ensuring higher construction quality for underground structures. Furthermore, eco-friendly concrete can reduce up to 90% of carbon dioxide emissions compared to traditional concrete, enabling a reduction of approximately 6,000 tons of carbon emissions for 1,000 of apartment units construction. This is equivalent to planting around 42,000 trees

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.34 no.3 s.116
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• pp.12-22
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• 2006

The purpose of this study is to evaluate visual preferences of the methods for river embankment based on seasonal changes and to reveal the relationship between visual preference and effective factors, which are the physical and esthetic elements inside the river. For this research seven river embankment methods including concrete block, concrete wall, gabion, and vegetated concrete block were selected in Dongchon of Gwangyang. Twenty-eight pictures by the four pictures of each embankment method based on seasonal changes, the winter and summer of the first and second years after construction were used for a photo-questionnaire by 49 participants. In the analysis of the relationship between visual preference and effective factors, the independent variables included eight factors: form of the material, harmony with the surroundings, the cleanness of river floor, the green area of embankment methods, the water area in river floor, the stone and sand area in river floor, the planting area in river floor, and the area of embankment itself. The result of this study are as follows. First, visual preference in summer was higher than in winter, and the summer landscape of the second you scored the highest value for visual preference. Second, similarly to the way the vegetated concrete block produced a green effect, cobblestone and gabion embankments made of natural materials scored higher than others, whereas the concrete retaining wall scored the lowest of all methods because of it's artificiality. Third, the seven independent variables, except form of the material, are proved statistically significant at the 5% level. The water area in river floor, harmony with the surroundings, the planting area in river floor, and the cleanness of the river floor were revealed as more effective factors influencing visual preference. The research results suggest that the riverscape has to be controlled in terms of seasonal change and embankment methods. Natural materials and green effects in embankment methods are more important for increasing landscape preference, and the landscape factors inside a river should also be considered important variables. It is recommended that advanced study on other factors affecting visual preference of the riverscape be carried out to support this research.

• Proceedings of the Korea Society of Environmental Biology Conference
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• 2004.05a
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• pp.47-47
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• 2004

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.21-32
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• 2005

Questionnaire survey from 101 visitors and 77 specialists was carried out to establish the management plan on landscapes of the artificial structure constructed in valley within Bughansan National Park. When comparison was made between ground sill work structure and valley landscape, visitor group responded to the highest scores in valley landscape after planting of vine species in the bottom of the constructure, while specialist group responded to valley landscape after the removal of the constructure. When it made a comparison between revetment work constructure and valley landscape, visitor group responded to highest scores in valley landscape after planting of vine species in the top of the constructure, while specialist group responded to valley landscape after replacing concrete revetment by stone revetment constructure. When it made a comparison between fall work constructure and valley landscape, both groups responded to the highest scores in valley landscape after the removal of the constructure. According to the valley landscape analysis, artificial constructures built in water channel should be matched to adjacent landscape with the removal of concrete constructure. The slope of water channel should be considered to build fall work constructure.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.20 no.7
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• pp.881-890
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• 2011

In this study, thermal environment changes for a marathon course of IAAF World Championship, Daegu 2011 were modeled to provide improvements of thermal environment, so that runners could have the maximum condition and citizens pleasant streets. The three biggest size of intersections were selected for the study. Envi-met, 3G microclimate model, were used for a thermal environment analysis and three different cases - present status, planting roadside tree scenario, and roof-garden scenario - were compared. The followings are the results of the study. 1. The highest thermal distribution were shown at 1 p.m., but there was no significant difference between a thermal distribution at 1 p.m. and that at 5 p.m. since a heat flux from buildings affects thermal distributions rather than insolation does. 2. Tree planting or adding environmental friendly factors might lead a temperature drop effect, but the effect was not significant for areas covered with impermeability packing materials such as concrete or asphalt (especally, for Site case 2) 3. The combination of tree planting and adding environmental friendly factors also brought a temperature drop effect (Site 1 and 2) and this case showed even better result if green spaces (especially, parks) were closed.

• Proceedings of the Korean Geotechical Society Conference
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• 2010.09a
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• pp.87-96
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• 2010

PAP method is a combined measures which consist a anchored retaining wall method with permanent ground anchors and vertical precast concrete panels, step by step on the slope surface. And soil is back filled between slope and vertical precast panels. Therefore, this method is more effective than any other ground anchor reinforcing methods of slope stability, for example cross type concrete block ground anchor or buttress concrete block ground anchor method. Because of increasing effective anchor force and green tree planting.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.65-81
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• 2013

Urban sprawl has been the limits of traffic accommodate and the supply road. Thus, Light Rail Transit(LRT) has been proposed as the best alternative. Owing to landscape damage from construction of LRT, landscape planning should be considered seriously in the urban planning step. This paper therefore seeks to determine landscape improvement direction of LRT pier. First, the methods in this study shared landscape improvement direction type of LRT pier through previous studies such as planting of surface(30%, 60%, 90% planting of surface), graphic(character, commercial advertising, symbol), and surface treatment type(exposed concrete, white painting, pattern dies). Next, respondent evaluated 3D simulated landscape image accordingly shared types by preference and landscape adjectives using in streetscape evaluation. As a result, visual preference was the highest in planting type of surface and the lowest in the surface treatment type. Covering 60%(4.48) in planting type of surface was the highest. Because it is similar to the golden ratio considering the visual principle, we will need to take advantage through the result of this paper. Also, most landscape improvement direction which satisfied with significant level showed a positive effect from landscape improvement. Comprehensively based on these results, it suggests desirable landscape improvement direction of LRT pier in the city for solution of landscape inhibition problem.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.17-25
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• 2006

To increase freeze-thaw resistance of porous concrete, this study examined physical properties of polymer by replacing paste used as a binding material with polymer, using unsaturated polyester and epoxy resin, and changing the mixing ratio of polymer. According to the result of this study, when the mixing ratio of resin paste to aggregates was 11 to 16%, voids volume was 33 to 37% and unit weight was about 1620 to 1720kg/$m^3$. In comparison with previous studies using cement paste, voids volume increased by about 7 to 16%, while unit weight decreased by about 100 to 300kg/$m^3$. Compressive strength was 90 to 155kg/$cm^2$ at the age of 7 days, which was 5-40kg/$cm^2$ bigger than porous concrete using cement paste. From a viewpoint of freeze-thaw resistance, it was identified that pluse velocity fell by 0.23km/sec, about 7% of the original velocity, when the cycle of freeze-thaw was repeated 300 times. In spite of 300 repetitions of the cycle, relative dynamic modulus of elasticity was more than 60%, which suggested that its freeze-thaw resistance was more excellent compared with the result that relative dynamic modulus of elasticity of porous concrete using cement paste was 60 % or less under the condition of 80 repetitions of freeze-thaw cycle.