• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.337-342
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• 2011

The purpose of this study was to evaluated the antioxidative constituents and their activities of the 80% methanolic extracts from fruit of Sorbaria sorbifolia var. stellipila MAX. The isolation of active compound was performed in three steps: solvent partition, open column chromatography, and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The solvent fractions were tested for their antioxidant activities by oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC). The antioxidant activity of 80% methanolic extracts by various solvent partitions was in the order of 80% MeOH (1.68 ${\pm}$ 0.027), n-hexane (1.02 ${\pm}$ 0.036), $CH_2Cl_2$ (0.95 ${\pm}$ 0.025), EtOAc (1.98 ${\pm}$ 0.065), n-BuOH (1.94 ${\pm}$ 0.054) and Water (1.28 ${\pm}$ 0.032). Therefore, the results indicated that the potential antioxidant activities and functional values were observed significantly at EtOAc fraction from fruit of S. sorbifolia, flavonoid compound isolated.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.21 no.6
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• pp.474-485
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• 2013

Pharmacological studies and clinical practices have indicated that Radix Astragali, a dried root of Astragalus membranaceus possesses a lot of biological activities, including antioxidant, hepatoprotective, anti-diabetic, tonic, diuretic, antimicrobial, antiviral, and immunological activities. These biological activities approved by the modern pharmacological studies are mainly due to the constituents of Astragalus membranaceus including polysaccharides, saponins, flavonoids, amino acids, and trace elements. In resent, the main constituents in the root part showing a lot of biological activities has been isolated also from the aboveground parts such as leaves and sprouts in our laboratory. However, the safety evaluation for the aboveground parts of Astragalus membranaceus should be checked before expanding their application as one of food. In the study, a 90-day rat oral gavage study has been conducted with the extracts from Astragalus membranaceus-above-ground parts at doses of 1000, 3000, and 5000mg/kg/day. The following endpoints were evaluated: clinical observations, body weight, gross and microscopic pathology, clinical chemistry, and hematology. Based on the analysis of these endpoints, it was estimated that NOEL (no observed effect level) for male rats and NOAEL (no observed adverse effect level) for female rats are 5000mg/kg/day of the water-extracts from Astragalus membranaceus-aboveground parts.

• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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• v.42 no.4
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• pp.321-328
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• 2016

In this study, we investigated identification of anti-oxidative constituents from Ficus erecta var. sieboldii King (F. erecta) leaves. DPPH and $ABTS^+$ radical scavenging activities were screened for the ethanol extract and solvent fractions, and ethyl acetate fraction showed the most potent scavenging activities. Five constituents were isolated from the ethyl acetate fraction of F. erecta leaves; monoolein (1), oleic acid (2), lutein (3), afzelechin (4), catechin (5). The chemical structures of the isolated compounds were elucidated based on the spectroscopic data including NMR spectra, as well as comparison of the data to the literature values. As far as we know, all of the compounds 1 ~ 5 were isolated for the first time from this plant. Studies on DPPH and $ABTS^+$ radical scavenging activities were conducted for the isolated compounds. Among them, afzelechin (4) and catechin (5) showed strong DPPH and $ABTS^+$ radical scavenging activities, whose activities were comparable to a positive control vitamin C. Also, the content of catechin isolated from this plant was determined by HPLC and it was about 3.8 mg/g for the 70% ethanol extract and 20.8 mg/g for the ethyl acetate fraction. From these results, F. erecta leaves extract could be potentially applicable as anti-oxidant ingredients in cosmetic industries.

• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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• v.45 no.4
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• pp.341-351
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• 2019

In this study, we investigated anti-oxidative and anti-bacterial constituents from Rhododendron weyrichii leaves. DPPH and ABTS⁺ radical scavenging activities were screened for the ethanol extract and solvent fractions. Potent scavenging activities were appeared from the extract, ethyl acetate (EtOAc) and n-butanol (BuOH) fractions. Upon the anti-bacterial tests using Staphylococcus epidermidis and Propionibacterium acnes, extract, n-hexane (Hex) and EtOAc fractions showed strong activities. To isolate the active constituents, the EtOAc fraction was further purified to afford five phytochemicals; ursolic acid (1), corosolic acid (2), asiatic acid (3), astragalin (4) and isoquercetin (5). All of the compounds 1-5 were isolated for the first time from this plant. Among the isolates, the compound 4 and 5 showed strong DPPH and ABTS⁺ radical scavenging activities. Also, compound 3 exhibited the most potent anti-bacterial activity. In addition, the content of astragalin isolated from this plant was determined by UPLC and the quantity was about 8.1 mg/g for the 70% ethanol extract and 34.8 mg/g for the EtOAc fraction. Based on these results, it is concluded that R. weyrichii extract could be potentially applicable as anti-oxidative and anti-bacterial ingredients in cosmetic formulations.

• Proceedings of the Plant Resources Society of Korea Conference
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• 2018.10a
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• pp.102-102
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• 2018

Protaetia Brevitarsis Seulensis(white grub) has been traditionally used as medicinal stuff to treat blood stasis, occlusion of menstruation, tetanus and liver cancer in Asian countries (Korea, Japan, China, Taiwan, India and Myanmar). Especially, Donguibogam, which is traditional korean medicinal book, described the white grub as traditional medicine to treat hepatic diseases and vascular disorders. The white grub has been considered as highly nutritional food. The major constituents of white grub are rich in protein, healthy fats, iron, calcium. Recent studies announced that white grub has hepatoprotective effect and anti-microbacterial effect. However, the immuno-enhancing effect of white grub extracts in RAW 264.7 macrophage cells has not been studied yet. In this study, the various concentrations of white grub extract were examined to find immuno-enhancing effects on RAW 264.7 cells. Cytotoxicity was determined by MTT assay and immuno-enhancing effect of white grub extract was investigated by measuring nitric oxide (NO) production compared with only lipopolysaccharide (LPS) treatment. White grub extracts (0.001 - 10 mg/ml) did not show cytotoxicity. Additionally, white grub extracts (0.001 - 1mg/ml) had Immuno-enhancing effect on RAW 264.7 cells compared with only LPS treated group. These results might be provided proof to develop beneficial immuno-enhancing material for human health.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• v.41 no.2
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• pp.151-158
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• 2017

Background: Chong-Myung-Tang (CMT) extract is widely used in Korea as a traditional herbal tonic for increasing memory capacity in high-school students and also for numerous body ailments since centuries. The use of CMT to improve the learning capacity has been attributed to various plant constituents, especially black ginseng, in it. Therefore, in this study, we have first investigated whether black ginseng-enriched CMT extracts affected spatial learning using the Morris water maze (MWM) test. Their molecular mechanism of action underlying improvement of learning and memory was examined in vitro. Methods: We used two types of black ginseng-enriched CMT extracts, designated as CM-1 and CM-2, and evaluated their efficacy in the MWM test for spatial learning behavior and their anti-inflammatory effects in BV2 microglial cells. Results: Our results show that both black ginseng-enriched CMT extracts improved the learning behavior in scopolamine-induced impairment in the water maze test. Moreover, these extracts also inhibited nitric oxide production in BV2 cells, with significant suppression of expression of proinflammatory cytokines, especially inducible nitric oxide synthase, cyclooxygenase-2, and $interleukin-1{\beta}$. The protein expression of mitogen-activated protein kinase and nuclear $factor-{\kappa}B$ pathway factors was also diminished by black ginseng-enriched CMT extracts, indicating that it not only improves the memory impairment, but also acts a potent anti-inflammatory agent for neuroinflammatory diseases. Conclusion: Our research for the first time provides the scientific evidence that consumption of black ginseng-enriched CMT extract as a brain tonic improves memory impairment. Thus, our study results can be taken as a reference for future neurobehavioral studies.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.35 no.3
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• pp.191-201
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• 2016

BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to investigate the antimicrobial effects of the ethanol extracts from various medicinal herbs against plant pathogens to understand the possible the crop protection agents.METHODS AND RESULTS: Among the tested medicinal herbs, Zizyphus jujuba ethanol extract had the potent antimicrobial activity against Phytophthora capsici, Erwinia carotovorum subsp. carotovora, Pseudomonas syringae pv. syringae and Ralstonia solanacearum. The major constituents of Z. jujuba were identified to eugenol(40.45%), dodecanoic acid(18.40%), β-caryophyllene (10.05%) and isoeugenol(9.85%) by GC/MS. Eugenol and isoeugenol had strong inhibitory activity on spore germination against P. capsici and growth against E. carotovorum subsp. carotovora, P. syringae pv. syringae and R. solanacearum.CONCLUSION: In this regard, eugenol and isoeugenol were found to be responsible for the antimicrobial activity of Z. jujuba ethanol extract against plant pathogens. In addition, Z. jujuba ethanol extract, eugenol and isoeugenol can be used the potent antimicrobial agents.

• Natural Product Sciences
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.165-170
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• 2020

Carica papaya is a medicinal and fruit plant owing biological activities including antioxidant, antiviral, antibacterial and anticancer. The present study aims to investigate the acetyl (AChE) and butyryl (BChE) cholinesterase inhibitory potentials of C. papaya extracts as well as their chemical compositions. The chemical composition of the active extract was identified using a gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Ellman enzyme inhibition assay showed that the alkaloid-enriched leaf extract of C. papaya possessed significant anti-BChE activity with an enzyme inhibition of 75.9%. GC-MS analysis showed that the alkaloid extract composed mainly the carpaine (64.9%) - a major papaya alkaloid, and some minor constituents such as aliphatic hydrocarbons, terpenes and phenolics. Molecular docking of carpaine revealed that this molecule formed hydrogen bond and hydrophobic interactions with choline binding site and acyl pocket. This study provides some preliminary findings on the potential use of C. papaya leaf as an herbal supplement for the prevention and treatment of Alzheimer's disease.

• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.62 no.4
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• pp.367-374
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• 2019

Euphorbia humifusa Willd (EuH), called Ttang-Bin-Dae in Korea, is a traditional medicinal plant widely used for its anti-inflammatory and antiviral activity. Ethyl acetate (EA) extracts of EuH (EA/EuH) inhibit invasion and metastasis by inhibiting tumor necrosis factor TNFá-induced matrix metalloproteinases (MMP)-9 expression in human breast cancer cells. However, the bioactive components of EA/EuH mediating the inhibition of MMP-9 expression have not been identified. In the present study, three bioactive constituents of EA/EuH were isolated using high-performance liquid chromatography. Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy revealed isoquercetin, avicularin, and astragalin as the bioactive compounds responsible for preventing TNFα-induced MMP-9 mRNA expression in breast cancer cells. These findings suggest that isoquercetin, avicularin, and astragalin could be used as valuable anti-metastatic agents against metastatic cancers.

• Natural Product Sciences
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.11-15
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• 2019

Lauraceae is a family medicinal plant whose tubers possesses antimicrobial, and cytotoxic, such as antiparasitic and anti-inflammatory special effects and has been used for the medicine in the cure of hepatitis and rheumatism. The antimicrobial activities of bioactive compounds including one neolignan; kunstlerone (1) and two alkaloids include isocaryachine (2) and noratherosperminine (3) as well as crude hexane, methanol and dichloromethane extracts were evaluated. Additionally, the effect of compounds 1, 2 and 3 were evaluated on A549, PC-3, A375, HT-29 and WRL-68 cell lines. In conclusion, kunstlerone 1 showed moderate cytotoxicity against various cancer cell lines such as A549, PC-3, A375, HT-29 and WRL-68, respectively with $EC_{50}$ values of 28.02, 26.78, 33.78, 33.65 and $16.46{\mu}g/mL$. The crude methanol extract showed antigrowth activity against S. pyogenes II and B. cereus, with MICs of $256{\mu}g/mL$. The compounds kunstlerone (1), isocaryachine (2) and noratherosperminine (3) showed complete inhibition against P. shigelloides, with MIC ${\leq}60{\mu}g/mL$ compare to ampicillin, as a positive control, which showed antigrowth activity against P. shigelloides at MIC $10{\mu}g/mL$.