• 식물병연구
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• 제7권3호
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• pp.155-163
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• 2001

기주반응 실험을 통하여 무병징 또는 엷은 병징을 발현하는 satRNA 보유 Paf-CMV 및 Rs2-CMV를 고추 CMV병의 방제를 위한 약독바이러스로 공시하여 교차방어효과를 검정하였다. 공시한 satRNA-CMV는 모두 agar gel diffusion test에서 강독계로 공시한 Mf-CMV의 항원과 융합하는 침강선을 나타내 subgroup I의 혈청 형으로 판단되었다. 이들 약독계 satRNA-CMV의 물리적성질은 내희석성이 $10^{-4}$으로, 강독계 Mf-CMV나 satRNA를 보유하고 있는 Ap-CMV보다 낮게 나타났으나, 내열성 및 내보존성 은 차이를 보이지 않았다. 공시한 satRNA의 염기서열을 결정한 결과, Rs2-satRNA는 335염기, Ap-satRNA 347염기, Paf-satNA 386염기로 구성되어 있었다. 이들 염기서열을 이미 보고된 Y-CMV의 satRNA와 비교한 결과, 양 말단 영역 특히 5'말단으로부터 80염기 및 3'말단으로부터 174염기는 안정된 conserved sequence를 나타냈다. 그러나 중간영역의 염기서열에서는 .많은 변이를 나타냈고, 특히 병징과 관련된 domain으로 보고된 영역에서 Paf-satRNA의 염기서열은 다른 계통의 satRNA에 비하여 많은 차이를 보였다. 각 satRNA의 cDNA로부터 전사시킨 transcript RNA를 Mf-CMV의 게놈RNA와 혼합하여 고추에 접종한 결과, 본래의 각 satRNA-CMV를 접종하였을 때와 마찬가지로 Paf-satRNA 및 Rs2-satRNA의 transcript 와 혼합한 Mf-CMV에 감염된 고추의 병징이 약하게 발현되었다. 선발된 약독CMV의 강독계 바이러스에 대한 교차방어효과를 검정하기 위하여 Paf-CMV 및 Rs2-CMV를 접종한 고추와 담배에 강독 Mf-CMV를 challenge한 후 교차방어 지속효과를 검정한 결과, Paf-CMV를 접종한 고추와 담배는 모두 Mf-CMV를 challenge 접종한 3주후까지 병징이 발현되지 않았으나, Rs2-CMV를 접종한 식물은 challenge 2주 후에 약 반수의 개체에서 강독계 병징이 발현되었다. 또한 challenge바이러스의 농도별 교차방어효과에서도 Paf-CMV를 접종한 고추에 정제한 Mf-CMV를 0.2 mg/ml 이하의 농도로 challenge한 경우, 접종 30일이 되었을 때까지 병징이 발현되지 않았으나, Rs2-CMV에서는 일부의 개체에서 병징이 발현되어 강독계에 대한 교차방어의 효과가 일정하게 나타나지 않았다. 한편 고추의 유묘에 약독CMV를 접종한 다음, 포장에 재배하면서 바이러스병징이 발현되는 개체를 조사한 결과, 약독 CMV접종 30-60일 후에 Paf-CMV 접종구에서 1.8-6.4%, Rs2-CMV 접종구에서 8.2-18.3%그리고 무접종구에서 2.7-47.2%의 바이러스병징이 발현됨으로서 Paf-CMV의 강독계 CMV의 감염에 대한 교차방어효과가 안정되고 높게 나타났다..

• 한국식물병리학회지
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• 제14권4호
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• pp.308-313
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• 1998

Reverse transcription and polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) techiniques were used to identification and differentiation of cucumber mosaic virus isolated from Forsythia koreana (CMV-Fk). RT-PCT used by two set of 20-mer primers one was CMV-common primers and another was CMV subgroup I-specific primers designed in a conserved region of the 3' end of CMV RNA3, amplified about 490 bp and 200 bp DNA fragments from CMV-Fk, respectively. CMV could be detected by RT-PCR at a dilution as low as 10-4 in forsythia crude sap extracts. Restriction enzyme analysis of RT-PCR products using EcoRI and MspI showed that CMV-Fk belonged to CMV subgroup I. But, analysis of RNA fingerprinting by arbitrarily primed polymerase chain reaction (RAP-PCR) showed heterogeneity of RNA3 between CMV-Fk and CMV-Y as a member of subgroup I.

• 한국식물병리학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국식물병리학회 2002년도 총회 및 추계학술발표회
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• pp.116.1-116
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• 2002

• 식물병연구
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• 제10권4호
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• pp.241-247
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• 2004

Cucumber mosaic virus(CMV)-Paf 계통에 포함된 satellite RNA(Paf-satRNA)는 CMV의 병징을 완화시키는 약독병징 관련 유전자로 작용하였다(Choi 등, 2001). 이 연구는 Paf-satRNA의 약독병징 관련 유전자의 도메인을 확인하기 위하여, 고추에서 chlorosis 병징을 발현하는 PepY-satRNA와 키메라 satRNA를 구축하여 분석하였다. 두 종의 satRNA의 염기서열을 비교한 결과, 분자크기가 큰 PepY-satRNA에서 10염기의 삽입이 발견되기는 하였지만, 양 말단영역의 염기는 비교적 안정된 conserved sequence를 보였다. 그러나 이들 satRNA의 중간영역에 존재하는 염기서열, 즉 5' 말단의 81번째 염기로부터 113번째, 그리고 183번째 염기부터 265번째 염기까지의 영역에서는 많은 변화를 나타냈다. 약독병징과 관련된 도메인을 확인하기 위하여 구축한 각 satRNA 및 키메라 satRNA의 cDNA로부터 transcript RNA를 전사시키고, 전사된 각 satRNA transcript를 CMV-Fny의 게놈RNA1, RNA2 및 RNA3의 transcript와 혼합한 후 N. benthamiana에 접종하였다. 그 결과 RT-PCR에 의해서 모든 satRNA-cDNA로부터 전사된 transcript의 감염성이 확인되었으며, Paf-satRNA 및 키메라 Paf(H/N)-satRNA와 PepY(N/A)-satRNA를 접종한 N. benthamiana에서는 모두 약한 모자이크 또는 무병징 감염의 특성을 보였다. 이와는 대조적으로 PepY-satRNA 및 키메라 PepY(H/N)-satRNA와 Paf(N/A)-satRNA를 접종한 식물에서는 전형적인 모자이크 증상과 식물체의 위축을 동반하였다. 이들 각 키메라 satRNA에 감염된 N. benthamiana를 접종원으로 고추에 접종한 결과, Paf-satRNA와 혼합한 CMV-Fny를 접종한 고추에서는 무병징에 가까운 약한 모자이크 증상이 발현되었고, PepY-satRNA를 접종한 고추는 뚜렷한 chlorosis의 모자이크 증상이 발현되었다. 한편 이들 두 종 satRNA의 키메라, Paf(H/N)-satRNA와 PepY(N/A)-satRNA를 접종한 고추에서는 모두 약한 모자이크 또는 무병징 감염의 특성을 보였고, PepY(H/N)-satRNA와 Paf(N/A)-satRNA를 접종한 식물에서는 전형적인 chlorosis의 모자이크 증상과 식물체의 위축을 동반하였다. 이와 같은 결과를 종합해 보았을 때, N. benthamiana에서와 마찬가지로 Paf-satRNA의 약독병징과 관련된 유전자의 도메인은 HpaI-NarI 영역에 존재한다는 것을 나타냈다.

• 한국식물병리학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국식물병리학회 2003년도 정기총회 및 추계학술발표회
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• pp.138.2-139
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• 2003

Grapevine leafroll-associated 1 virus (GLRaV-1) and Grapevine leafroll-associated 3 virus (GLRaV-3), member of the genus Ampelovirus, are important viral disease of grapevine in the world. these viruses transmitted only dicotyledonous host by vectors such as mealybugs and there is no suitable herbaceous host for virus. The diseased leaves turn yellowish or reddish depending on cultivars and viruses. Viruses are existed at low concentration and ununiformly distribution in grapevine. Using small-scale double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) extraction method, reverse transcription and polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) product of 1Kb long which encoded of coat protein (CP) gene for both viruses was successfully amplified with a specific primers. The RT-PCR product was cloned into the plasmid vector and its nucleotide sequences were determined from selected recombinant cDNA clones. Sequence analysis revealed that the CP of GLRaV-1 consisted of 969 nucleotide, which encoded 323 amino acid residues and CP of GLRaV-3 consisted of 942 nucleotide, which encoded 314 amino acid residues. The CP of GLRaV-1 and GLRaV-3 has 93.8％ and 98.7％ amino acid sequence identities, respectively.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• 제29권3호
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• pp.274-284
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• 2013

The incidence of Broad bean wilt virus 2 (BBWV2) on red pepper was investigated using the samples obtained from 24 areas of 8 provinces in Korea. Two hundred and five samples (79%) out of 260 collected samples were found to be infected with BBWV2. While the single infection rate of BBWV2 was 21.5%, the co-infection rate of BBWV2 with Cucumber mosaic virus, Pepper mottle virus, Pepper mild mottle virus and/or Potato virus Y was 78.5%. To characterize the genetic diversity of BBWV2 Korean isolates, 7 isolates were fully sequenced and analyzed. Phylogenetic analyses revealed that BBWV2 isolates could be divided largely into two groups as Group I and Group II. Based on the partial sequence analyses, 153 selected BBWV2 isolates were subgrouped into GS-I (21.6%), GS-II (3.9%) and GS-III (56.9%). BBWV2 GS-III, which was predominant in Korea, appears to be a new combination between Group I RNA-1 and Group II RNA-2. Viral disease incidence of BBWV2 on red pepper was under 2% before 2004. However, the incidence was increased abruptly to 41.3% in 2005, 58.2% in 2006 and 79% in 2007. These rapid increases might be related with the emergence of new combinations between BBWV2 groups.

• 생약학회지
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• 제48권3호
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• pp.173-178
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• 2017

We investigated the efficacy of single compound of plant extract in coxsackievirus B3 (CVB3) infection. CVB3 is a main cause of Hand-foot-mouth diseases (HFMD) and viral myocarditis in children and adult. Several single compounds of plant extract were purified by HPLC and tested as antiviral drug candidate. Among them, kaempferol was selected to effective anti-enterovirus compound by HeLa cells survival assay. CVB3 infected HeLa cells were treated with kaempferol ($100{\mu}g/ml-100ng/ml$) and their antiviral effect was confirmed. After 16 hours of treatment, HeLa cells were lysed and proteins were extracted for western blot analysis. CVB3 viral capsid protein VP1 production and transcription factor eIF4G-1 cleavage was significantly decreased in $100{\mu}g/ml$ kaempferol treatment. Virus replication was observed by virus RNA amplification. Kaempferol strongly reduced virus positive and negative strand RNA amplification. Moreover, MAPK signal induced by CVB3 infection, pERK and pmTOR, kaempferol treatment significantly inhibited the activity. Plant extract single compound, kaempferol, is a strong candidate to be developed non-toxic anti-enterovirus treatment agent.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• 제29권4호
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• pp.397-409
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• 2013

The full-genome sequences of fourteen isolates of Broad bean wilt virus 2 (BBWV2), collected from broad bean, pea, spinach, bell pepper and paprika plants in Korea during the years 2006-2012, were determined and analyzed comparatively along with fifteen previously reported BBWV2 genome sequences. Sequence analyses showed that RNA-1 and RNA-2 sequences of BBWV2 Korean isolates consisted of 5950-5956 and 3568-3604 nucleotides, respectively. Full-length genome sequence-based phylogenetic analyses revealed that the BBWV2 Korean isolates could be divided into three major groups comprising GS-I (isolates BB2 and RP7) along with isolate IP, GS-II (isolates BB5, P2, P3 and RP3) along with isolate B935, and GS-III including 16 BBWV2 Korean isolates. Interestingly, GS-III appears to be newly emerged and predominant in Korea. Recombination analyses identified two recombination events in the analyzed BBWV2 population: one in the RNA-1 of isolate K and another one in the RNA-2 of isolate XJ14-3. However, no recombination events were detected in the other 21 Korean isolates. On the other hand, out of 29 BBWV2 isolates, 16 isolates were found to be re-assortants, of which each RNA segment (i.e. RNA1 and RNA2) was originated from different parental isolates. Our findings suggested that reassortment rather than recombination is a major evolutionary force in the genetic diversification of BBWV population in Korea.

• 한국식물병리학회지
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• 제11권4호
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• pp.374-379
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• 1995

The cDNA of tobacco mosaic virus-pepper strain (TMV-P) coat protein (CP) genes were introduced into tobacco plants (Nicotiana tabacum cv. Samsun nn) using a binary Ti plasmid vector of Agrobacterium tumefaciens. these cDNAs introduced into tobacco plants were detected by polymerase chain reaction. Symptom development was distinctly suppressed in the transgenic plant introduced buy sense CP cDNA when the plant was inoculated with TMV-P, while in transgenic tobacco plants of antisense CP gene, symptom development was not suppressed as in non-transgenic plants. TMV-P concentration in the sense CP transgenic tobacco plant was decreased to 1/14 of the concentration in non-transgenic plants. Expression of the kanamycin resistance gene of these transgenic plants could be detected in the progeny.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.6-11
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• 2002

An isolate of Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV), PaFMl-CMV causing malformation on the fruit of paprika (Capsicum annuum var, grossum) was characterized based on biological reactions, serological relationships, and partial nucleotide sequence analyses. PaFMl-CMV was distinguishable from other isolates of CMYI Mf-(subgroup I) and LS-CMV (subgroup II), in terms of its reactions to some host plants. Polyclonal antibody against PaFMl-CMV showed homologous antigenic relationship with LS-CMV, however, the antibody formed a spur between PaFMl- and Mf-CMV, In the comparison of molecular size of dsRNAs of PaFMl-CMV with Mf- and LS-CMV, PaFMl-CMV had a slightly smaller RNAl and larger RNA2, RNA3, and RNA4. When the CDNA product of PaFMl-CMV coat protein (CP) gene was digested with some restriction enzymes, the fragment pattern was identical with that of LS-CMV The nucleotide and amino acid sequences of PaFMl-CMV CP gene were 99.5% and 98.6% identical with LS-CMV respectively. The data indicate that PaFMl-CMV belongs to subgroup II of CMV, which is the first report in Korea.