• Journal of the Korean Society of Manufacturing Technology Engineers
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• v.19 no.5
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• pp.705-709
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• 2010

It is quite complex to draw the geometry of electron trajectories in electron optics because such trajectories have various aberrations that cannot be easily calculated. However, if we need to know roughly the geometry, the focal length and the principal planes in order to understand the properties of column, a simple numerical solution can be a useful method. We are developing the electron beam machining system based on SEM. In this paper, we show rough geometry, focal length and principal planes by a numerical solution for electron lens I in our column. These results will be utilized in developing a simulation program for electron optics.

• Proceedings of the Korean Operations and Management Science Society Conference
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• 1995.04a
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• pp.603-616
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• 1995

Presented in this paper is an algorithm to obtain the intersections of a polyhedral surface composed of triangle facets with a series of parallel planes for extracting machining information from the surface. The change of the topology of the intersection curves is caused by characteristic points of the surface when sectioning the surface with parallel planes. The characteristic points are internal maximum, internal minimum, internal saddle, boundary maximum, boundary minimum, boundary max-saddle, and boundary min-saddle points. The starting points of the intersects are found efficiently and robustly using the characteristic points. The characteristic points as well as the intersection contours can be used to evaluate the machining information for process planning, and to generate NC tool path in CAD/CAM system.

• Korean Journal of Crystallography
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.44-50
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• 2004

Spinel structured lithium managanese oxide $(LiMn_2O_4)$ powder with well defined facetted morphology was prepared by precipitation-evaporation method. {111}, {110}, and {100} planes are mainly observed in the $LiMn_2O_4$ powder. And powder shape of tetradecahedron and octahedron was observed depending on the calcinations temperature. The observed powder morphology observed seemed to be related to the nonstoichiometry of the oxygen in the $LiMn_2O_4$ spinel structure. Oxygen nonstoichiometry might be responsible for the Jahn-teller effect and structure transition which in turn affects the surface energy of the {111}, {110}, and {100} planes. Powder shape transition from tetradecahedron to octahedron seemed to be related to the surface energy of the {111}, {110}, and {100} planes with oxygen nonstoichiometry.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• v.48 no.2
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• pp.241-255
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• 2013

The receding contact problem for two elastic layers whose elastic constants and heights are different supported by two elastic quarter planes is considered. The lower layer is supported by two elastic quarter planes and the upper elastic layer is subjected to symmetrical distributed load whose heights are 2a on its top surface. It is assumed that the contact between all surfaces is frictionless and the effect of gravity force is neglected. The problem is formulated and solved by using Theory of Elasticity and Integral Transform Technique. The problem is reduced to a system of singular integral equations in which contact pressures are the unknown functions by using integral transform technique and boundary conditions of the problem. Stresses and displacements are expressed depending on the contact pressures using Fourier and Mellin formula technique. The singular integral equation is solved numerically by using Gauss-Jacobi integration formulation. Numerical results are obtained for various dimensionless quantities for the contact pressures and the contact areas are presented in graphics and tables.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• v.41 no.2
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• pp.90-96
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• 2015

Necrotizing fasciitis (NF) is an infection that spreads along the fascial planes, causing subcutaneous tissue death characterized by rapid progression, systemic toxicity, and even death. NF often appears as a red, hot, painful, and swollen wound with an ill-defined border. As the infective process continues, local pain is replaced by numbness or analgesia. As the disease process continues, the skin initially becomes pale, then mottled and purple, and finally, gangrenous. The ability of NF to move rapidly along fascial planes and cause tissue necrosis is secondary to its polymicrobial composition and the synergistic effect of the enzymes produced by the bacteria. Treatment involves securing the airway, broad-spectrum antimicrobial therapy, intensive care support, and prompt surgical debridement, repeated as needed. Reducing mortality rests on early diagnosis and prompt aggressive treatment.

• Journal of the Korean institute of surface engineering
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.24-33
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• 1998

Effects of pH and supporting salts on the characteristics of electrogalvanzied coating in sulfate bath are investigated. The fine grain size is obtained and the whiteness with the amount of supporting salts or pH increased at more than current density of 100A/$dm^2$<\TEX>, With supporting salts increased, the electro-conductivity of the bulk solution increases and the cell voltage decreases, while the width of the cathode burned edge gets wider because it seems that the increased overpotential the vicinity of cathode causes the decreases, of limiting current density. When the amount of supporting salts or pH of sulfate bath decreases, the zinc crystals have preferred orientation (001) planes. However when the amount of supporting salts or pH increase, the crystal texture has less (001) planes and gets to have random crystal planes.

• Proceedings of the Materials Research Society of Korea Conference
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• 2012.05a
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• pp.64.1-64.1
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• 2012

Next generation displays such as high performance LCD, AMOLED, flexible display and transparent display require specific TFT back-planes. For high performance TFT back-planes, low temperature poly silicon (LTPS), and metal-oxide semiconductors are studied. Flexible TFT backplanes require low temperature processible organic semiconductors. Not only development of active semiconducting materials but also design and synthesis of semiconductor corresponding gate dielectric materials are important issues in those display back-planes. In this study, we investigate the high heat resistant polymeric gate dielectric materials for organic TFT and inorganic TFT with good insulating properties and processing chemical resistance. We also controlled and optimized surface energy and morphology of gate dielectric layers for direct printing process with solution processible organic and inorganic semiconductors.

• Journal of the Optical Society of Korea
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.136-146
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• 2008

We proposed an adaptive steganography of an optical image using bit-planes and multichannel characteristics. The experiment's purpose was to compare the most popular methods used in optical steganography and to examine their advantages and disadvantages. In this paper we describe two digital methods: the first uses less significant bits(LSB) to encode hidden data, and in the other all blocks of $n{\times}n$ pixels are coded by using DCT(Digital Cosine Transformation), and two optical methods: double phase encoding and digital hologram watermarking with double binary phase encoding by using IFTA(Iterative Fourier Transform Algorithm) with phase quantization. Therefore, we investigated the complexity on bit plane and data, similarity insert information into bit planes. As a result, the proposed method increased the insertion capacity and improved the optical image quality as compared to fixing threshold and variable length method.

• The Proceeding of the Korean Institute of Electromagnetic Engineering and Science
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.35-50
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• 2013

This paper discusses effects of mesh planes on signal integrity in high-speed glass ceramic packages. One of serious signal integrity issues in high-speed glass ceramic packages is high far-end (FE) noise coupling between signal interconnects. Based on signal integrity analysis, a methodology is presented for reducing far-end noise coupling between signal interconnects in high-speed glass ceramic modules. This methodology employing power/ground mesh planes with alternating spacing and a via-connected coplanar-type shield (VCS) structure is suggested to minimize far-end noise coupling between signal lines in high-speed glass ceramic packages. Optimized interconnect structure based on this methodology has demonstrated that the saturated far-end noise coupling of a typical interconnect structure in glass ceramic modules could be reduced significantly by 73.3 %.

• Journal of Korean Institute of Industrial Engineers
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.493-506
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• 1995

Presented in this paper is an algorithm to obtain the intersections of a polyhedral surface composed of triangle facets with a series of parallel planes for extracting machining information from the surface. The change of the topology of the intersection curves is caused by characteristic points of the surface when sectioning the surface with parallel planes. The characteristic points are internal maximum, internal minimum, internal saddle, boundary maximum, boundary minimum, boundary max-saddle, and boundary min-saddle points. The starting points of the intersects are found efficiently and robustly using the characteristic points. The characteristic points as well as the intersection contours can be used to evaluate the machining information for process planning, and to generate NC tool path in CAD/CAM system.