• Tribology and Lubricants
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• 제24권4호
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• pp.196-204
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• 2008

In this study, the pressure distributions on the oil film of piston pin bearings are found by two-dimensional lubrication analysis in order to help the optimum design of the bearings of piston pin. The lubrication analysis is carried out together with an equation related with the oil pressure-viscosity index. The oil film pressure distribution is used as an input data for pressure boundary conditions at the piston pin-boss surface. Finally, the piston pin-boss stress distribution coupled with the thermal stress is calculated, and then compared with the results of the stress analysis which is not counted with the oil film pressure boundary condition.

• 한국전기전자재료학회논문지
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• 제21권10호
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• pp.889-895
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• 2008

This paper presents a comprehensive mathematical analysis and simulation of trench IGBT with the help of PIN-PNP combinational model. Since trench IGBT is characteristically influenced by PIN diode, it may be almost impossible to analyze the trench IGBT using PNP-MOS modeling methods, even PIN-MOS techniques which neglect the hole current components coming into p-base region. A new PIN-PNP complementary cooperational model is developed in order to make up the drawbacks of existing models. It would allow us to make qualitative analysis as well as simulation about switching and on-state characteristics of 1,700 V trench IGBT. Moreover, if we improve the PIN diode effects through the optimization of trench structure, trench IGBT is expected to be one of the most promising devices in the not only high-voltage but also high speed switching device field.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.205-210
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• 1989

The purpose of this study was to observe the minim pins of Link plus (which has buttress thread and shoulder stop design) inserted into dentin and the dentin surrounding pin. The gingival walls of class II cavity were prepared with high speed handpiece in molar teeth not elapsed time after teeth were extracted, and pinhole of 2mm in depth was positioned about 1 mm to the dentinoenamel junction and minim pin was inserted with wrench. After initial examination of the specimens, the specimens were sectioned longitudinally and horizontally to the pins with carborundum disc and low speed diamond saw (Isomet Buehler Ltd) All specimens were coated Au of 250-300${\AA}$ in thickness with Ion Sputter JFC 100 and observed under Scanning Electron Microscope (JSM-35) The following results were obtained. 1. The shoulder stop was seated on the enterance of pinhole in gingival wall, and there were the irregular space between the pin and dentin at the enterance to the pin hole and flakes of dentin lifting from the dentin floor. 2. In case of section to pin horizontally or longitudinally, the dentin debris were observed in gap between pin and dentin, and small cracks were often seen in the dentin surrounding minim pins.

• Tribology and Lubricants
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• 제24권6호
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• pp.315-319
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• 2008

This paper presents the interface bonding characteristics between a phosphor bronze and a steel plate for pin-bush bearings. The pin-bush bearing is an important component in which is used to reduce a friction loss and a wear against the piston pin. The pin-bush bearing is manufactured by hot-pressing a phosphor bronze and a back metal of a steel plate. This paper investigated the bonding interface characteristics in which is manufactured by melting a copper based bronze and a steel plate. The hardness from the inner surface of a bronze to the outer one of steel has been measured using a Vickers hardness tester. The experimental results show that the hardness of a bronze is superior to that of the conventional bronze and the transient hardness of pin-bush bearings is gradually increasing to the hardness of the steel back metal. This means that the bonding interface zone of pin-bush bearings may be fabricated by defusing a bronze to the steel plate due to a density difference between two materials.

• 한국강구조학회 논문집
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• 제16권5호통권72호
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• pp.705-712
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• 2004

콘크리트에 강관을 매입하여 만든 핀컵의 역학적 거동을 파악하기 위해 재하 시험을 수행하였다. 핀컵에 핀을 각기 다른 깊이로 근입하고, 핀의 근입 방향에 직각인 방향으로 변위가 일정한 속도로 증가하도록 변위를 제어하면서 하중을 증가시켰다. 시험을 통해 관찰한 핀컵 강관과 핀컵 주변의 콘크리트 변형 및 파괴 형태를 바탕으로 계산모델을 구성하고, 핀컵의 역학적 거동을 예측할 수 있는 계산식을 유도하였다. 제안된 계산식과 시험결과는 서로 좋은 관련성을 보이며, 일정한 범위 내에 분포하는 것으로 나타났다. 시험값과 계산값을 비교한 결과 핀컵 최대 저항력의 평균과 생존확률 95% 값은 각각 계산식에 보정계수 1.01과 0.92를 곱한 값과 같은 것으로 나타났다.

• 아태비즈니스연구
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.33-49
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• 2023

Purpose - The purpose of this study is to examine the option selection and optimal trading of informed traders in KOSPI 200 options market based on the PIN (probability of informed trading) model of Easley et al.(2002). Design/methodology/approach - This study uses TAQ (trade and quote) data provided by Korean Exchanges (KRX) which contains all the bids and trades recorded during the continuous auction trading hours for the KOSPI 200 options between May 2019 and September 2020. Findings - First, there was no difference in the PIN between call and put options in the 2019 data, but the PIN of put options was slightly higher in 2020. Second, regardless of the type of option, the PIN was higher for in-the-money (ITM) options, and the PIN of out-of-the-money (OTM) options was the same as or slightly higher than that of at-the-money (ATM) options. Third, we found that the PIN decreases as trading liquidity increases, and fourth, the PIN increased sharply as the expiration date approached, especially for OTM options, while ITM and ATM options showed relatively weak effects. Fifth, for foreign and institutional investors, the periodicity of orders was observed in milliseconds, especially for foreign investors, where the periodicity of orders was clear and frequent in OTM options. The results suggest that the purpose of option trading varies depending on the moneyness from the perspective of the informed trader.

• 한국전자파학회논문지
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• 제15권11호
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• pp.1090-1099
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• 2004

본 논문에서는 PIN 다이오드의 on/off특성을 이용해 공진 주파수가 변하는 정삼각형 마이크로스트립 안테나를 제안하였다. PIN 다이오드가 off 상태에서는 T 형태 스퍼라인(Spur-line)의 영향으로 스퍼라인 주위로 전류가 돌아서 흐르기 때문에 안테나의 공진 주파수가 1.22 GHz를 보였으나, PIN 다이오드가 on상태일 때는 T형의 스퍼라인이 I 형태 슬롯라인(Slot-line)으로 바뀌고, 이 I 형태의 슬롯라인에 의해 전류가 영향을 덜 받아서 안테나의 공진 주파수가 1.82 GHz를 나타내었고, 이는 일반적인 정삼각형 마이크로스트져 안테나와 공진 주파수와 차이가 거의 없었다. 제안한 안테나는 PIN다이오드가 on, off상태에서 모두 교차 편파가 -20 dB미만의 방사패턴을 가진 선형 편파 특성을 나타내었다.

• 한국전자파학회논문지
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.12-20
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• 2009

본 논문에서는 PIN 다이오드 대신호 모델을 제시하였고, 대신호 모델의 각 파라미터 측정 방법을 보였다. 이 파라미터들을 일정한 값을 가지는 소자와 다이오드 접합(junction) 전압에 의존하는 소자로 분류하고, ADS(Advanced Designed System)에서 일정한 값을 가지는 소자는 집중소자로, 접합 전압에 의존하는 소자는 SDD(Symbolically Defined Devices)로 구현하였다. 이렇게 구현된 PIN 다이오드 대신호 모델은 간단한 DC, AC 및 S-파라미터 시뮬레이션뿐만 아니라 Transient 및 HB(Harmonic Balance) 시뮬레이션도 가능하다. 본 논문에서 제시한 PIN 다이오드 대신호 모델의 타당성을 보이기 위해서 감쇄기 및 리미터의 측정값이 제시한 PIN 다이오드 모델 시뮬레이션 결과와 일치함을 보였다.

• 대한치과보철학회지
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• 제44권6호
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• pp.722-733
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• 2006

Statement of problem. The use of small diameter implants having less than 3 mm in diameter were restricted because of lack of bonding strength to bone. Purpose. The purpose of this study was to observe how much resorbable blast media pin implants increase the binding force to the bone compared to machined transitional pin implants by measuring removal torque, and whether they can be used as final implants for replacement of small diameter teeth. Material and method. Fifteen rabbits were used in this study. Two kinds of implants (resorbable blast media pin implants and machined transitional pin implants) were inserted in each tibia bicortically. After healing time of 2, 4 and 8 weeks, the removal torque values were recorded and the rabbits were sacrificed for histological analysis. Linear finite element method analyses were conducted to compare bicortical fixation with monocortical fixation. Result and conclusion. Within the limitation of this in vivo study, the following conclusions were drawn: 1) The removal torque value of RBM pin implants showed statistically significant increase compared to machined pin implants at 2, 4, and 8 weeks respectively (p<0.05). 2) The removal torque value of RBM pin implants at 2, 4, and 8 weeks was increased statistically significantly with time (p<0.05). 3) Bicortical fixation showed better stress distribution compared with monocortical fixation in a linear finite element method analysis. 4) RBM pin implants are not recommended as transitional implants because they showed a lot of bone fracture in histologic specimens.

• 정보학연구
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• 제2권2호
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• pp.235-250
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• 1999

디지털 VLSI 소자 테스트는 소자 규격서에 정의 된 파라메터들을 최악의 환경 상태에서 소자가 설계된 기능들이 모두 동작하는 지를 보증하는 것이다. 통신용 VLSI 소자의 고집적화에 따른 제품의 신뢰성을 향상하는 것이 VLSI 소자 테스트에서 중요한 고려사항이 된다. 통신용 소자의 신뢰성 향상을 위해서 테스트 파라메터들이 증가되고 테스트 시간이 늘어난다. 데스트 종류는 크게 펑션 데스트, DC 파라메터 테스트 및 AC 파라메터 테스트로 나눌 수 있다 소자의 특성과 신뢰성을 분석하는 기존의 데스트 항목들 중에는 핀간 단락 또는 핀간 누설저항을 테스트하는 항목들이 없다. 본 논문은 핀간 현상을 모델링하고 현재의 DC 파라메터 테스트 방법을 수정하고 새로운 핀간 DC 파라메터들을 테스트하는 방법을 제안한다. 실제로 제품 테스트를 통해 테스트 방법의 수정과 추가에 따른 제품 테스트의 신뢰성 향상을 확인하였다.