• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• v.19 no.6
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• pp.441-446
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• 1996

The Schizonepeta tenuifolia spikes (STS) have been used as a traditional folk medicine for antiinflammatory, analgesic, anti-pyretic and anti-spasmodic purpose in Korea. Phytosterols (mixture of campesterol 3.68%, stigmasterol 2.30% and ${\beta}$-sitosterol 94.02%) and hesperidin were isolated by chromatography from ether and n-BuOH fractions of STS respectively. These compounds significantly reduced the blood glucose level and lessened the loss of body weight and water consumption dose-dependently when administered at a i.p. doses of 10 and 20 mg/kg for 4 days after the i.v. injection of streptozotocin (I 80 mg/kg). In the morphologic study, these compounds showed protective activity on the pancreatic islets, especially .betha.-cells, from the degenerative changes by streptozotocin.

• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.57 no.2
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• pp.175-178
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• 2014

Three phytosterols of rare occurrence, schleicheol 2 (1), $7{\beta}$-hydroxysitosterol (2), and $7{\alpha}$-hydroxysitosterol (3), were isolated from the n-hexane fraction of rice (Oryza sativa) bran, for the first time. Some nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) assignments in the literatures are inaccurate. This study employed two-dimensional NMR experiments to identify exact peak assignments.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.282-284
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• 1990

By saponification and extraction of corn oil foots abandoned as waste during oil refining, a mixture of phytosterols was obtained, and its major components were determined as .betha.-sitosterol, campesterol and stigmasterol by gas chromatographic analysis. The mixture is very cheap and regarded as an excellent substrate for direct fermentation of C-17 keto steroid intermediate for various steroid pharmaceuticals.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• v.42 no.1
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• pp.16-20
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• 2018

Background: The Panax ginseng plant is used as an herbal medicine. Phytosterols of P. ginseng have inhibitory effects on inflammation-related factors in HepG2 cells. Methods: Phytosterols (e.g., stigmasterol and ${\beta}$-sitosterol) in the roots of P. ginseng grown under various conditions were analyzed using high-performance liquid chromatography. The P. ginseng roots analyzed in this study were collected from three cultivation areas in Korea (i.e., Geumsan, Yeongju, and Jinan) and differed by cultivation year (i.e., 4 years, 5 years, and 6 years) and production process (i.e., straight ginseng, red ginseng, and white ginseng). Results: The concentrations of stigmasterol and ${\beta}$-sitosterol in P. ginseng roots were 2.22-23.04 mg/g and 7.35-59.09 mg/g, respectively. The highest concentrations of stigmasterol and ${\beta}$-sitosterol were in the roots of 6-year-old P. ginseng cultivated in Jinan (82.14 mg/g and 53.23 mg/g, respectively). Conclusion: Six-year-old white ginseng and white ginseng cultivated in Jinan containing stigmasterol and b-sitosterol are potentially a new source of income in agriculture.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.56 no.3
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• pp.199-204
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• 2011

To characterize phytonutrients, the seeds of 12 purple Perilla (Perilla frutescens var. crispa) accessions collected from Korea and Japan were used for quantitative analysis of tocopherols, phytosterols, squalene and fatty acids. The average tocopherol, squalene and phytosterols contents were 12.2 mg $100g^{-1}$, 3.99 mg $100g^{-1}$ and 77.20 mg $100g^{-1}$, respectively. Among 4 tocopherol (T) isomers (${\alpha}$-T, ${\beta}$-T, ${\gamma}$-T, and ${\delta}$-T), ${\gamma}$-T was present in the highest quantity (11.03 mg $100g^{-1}$) with the least variation (CV = 13.7%), while ${\beta}$-T was present in lowest quantity (0.25 mg 1$100g^{-1}$). Compared to campesterol (4.36 mg $100g^{-1}$) and stigmasterol (13.32 mg $100g^{-1}$), ${\beta}$-sitosterol exhibited higher quantity (59.51 mg $100g^{-1}$) with 9.5% of variation. The major fatty acids were unsaturated fatty acids such as linolenic (61.5%), linoleic (17.3%), and oleic (9.9%) acids compared to saturated ones: palmitic (7.6%) and stearic (3.7%) acids. When Korean and Japanese accession were compared, almost no difference in content could be observed, while more variation as evaluated by CV (%) could be observed in Japanese accession in most phytonutrients suggesting wider genetic variation of purple Perilla in Japan. Presence of all above-mentioned phytonutrient compounds strongly suggested health beneficial value of purple Perilla seeds.

• Natural Product Sciences
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• v.7 no.3
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• pp.68-71
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• 2001

The phytochemical investigation of Halocharis hispida revealed the presence of 1-heptatriacontanol, ${\beta}-sitosterol$, ${\beta}-sitosterol-3-O-glucoside$, kaempferol, vitexin and isorhamnetin-3-O-galactoside in addition to vanillic, ferulic, isoferulic, syringic and caffeic acids. The different isolated compounds were identified by different physical, chemical, chromatographic and/or spectral methods.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.43 no.1
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• pp.87-99
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• 2016

Phytosterol contents in nine vegetables such as paprika (red, yellow, and orange), kohlrabi, bamboo shoot, cherry tomato, cucumber, Chinese chive, and corn were analyzed by gas chromatography. Individual contents of ${\beta}$-sitosterol, campesterol, and stigmasterol in fresh and cooked vegetables (boiling, grilling, stir-frying, deep-frying, steaming, roasting, and microwaving) were determined and compared. Total phytosterol content of paprika, cucumber, Chinese chive and cherry tomato ranged from 23.19 to 46.51 mg/kg (0.002-0.005%) of fresh weight of raw vegetables. Total phytosterol content variation (%) was obtained as follows: [(the content of phytosterol after cooking) - (the content of phytosterol before cooking)] / (the content of phytosterol before cooking) ${\times}100$. Total phytosterol content was found to be high in raw kohlrabi at 138.99 mg/kg fw (0.01%), in corn at 302.86 mg/kg fw (0.03%), and in bamboo shoot at 443.15 mg/kg fw (0.04 %). Total phytosterol content variation (%) in orange paprika ranged from 27.5 to 267.3 while that in cherry tomato ranged from -11.0 to 337.5. Generally, high content variation of total phytosterol was found in stir-fried and deep-fried vegetables. Therefore, higher phytosterol levels were obtained from cooked vegetables than raw vegetables. We suggest that these data will be useful to investigate cooking methods for increased intake of phytosterols.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.21 no.6
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• pp.420-426
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• 2008

Phytochemical investigation of the sesame dregs of Sesamum indicum was conducted by open column and prep-HPLC chromatography. Two phytosterols (1 and 2) and two lignans (3 and 4) were isolated from the MeOH extracts of sesame dregs, and identified as ${\beta}$-sitosterol (1), daucosterol (2), sesamin (3), and sesamolin (4) by spectral analysis. Although these compounds were already isolated from sesame, it is important that they were still main phytochemical components in the sesame dregs.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.376-383
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• 2010

Including crude fat content, triacylglycerol species, tocopherols and phytosterols were analyzed in 8 kinds of nuts (sunflower seed, cashew nut, walnut, pistachio, pumpkin seed, ginkgo, hazel nut and pecan). The extracted crude fats showed 0.63~39.60 wt%, among which hazel nut showed the highest amount of fat content. Oleic acid (C18:1) was major fatty acids at sn-2 position in cashew nut, pistachio, hazel nut, and pecan while sunflower seed, walnut, and pumpkin seed showed linoleic acid (C18:2) as a major fatty acids at sn-2 position. Especially, ginkgo contained 10.72 wt% of vaccenic acid (C18:1-n7) at sn-2 position. The TAG species of 8 kinds of nuts were analyzed by reverse-phase HPLC, from which PN value ranged 40~52. Among the analyzed nuts, higher content of tocopherols were observed in ginkgo (48.57 mg/100 g), sunflower seed (38.35 mg/100 g), and pumpkin seed(31.43 mg/100 g). Total phytosterols were observed with the range of 88.60~947.20 mg/100 g.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.59-65
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• 2014

The fatty acid composition, selected minor components, and the oxidative stability of the mixed edible oil (perilla seed oil and rice bran oil, 3:7 (v/v)) were analyzed. The fatty acid composition of the mixed oil was 32.1% of oleic acid, 30.6% of linoleic acid, 21.4% of linolenic acid, 13.0% of palmitic acid, and 1.7% of stearic acid. The mixed oil contained ${\alpha}$, ${\gamma}$ and ${\delta}$-tocopherols and tocotrienols showing the highest contents of ${\alpha}$-tocopherol. Total amount of tocopherols contained in the mixed oil was 46.63 mg/100 g oil. The composition and content of phytosterols were determined by a GC equipped with a flame ionization detector. Total quantity of phytosterols in the mixed oil was 712.80 mg/100 g oil. The most predominant phytosterol in the mixed oil was ${\beta}$-sitosterol, followed by campesterol and stigmasterol, in a decreasing order. The oxidative stability of the mixed oil was much higher than that of perilla oil, and similar to that of soybean oil, indicating the high oxidative stability of the mixed oil.