• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.20 no.9
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• pp.1334-1341
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• 2007

This study identified hepatic differentially expressed genes (DEGs) affecting the marbling of muscle. Most dietary nutrients bypass the liver and produce plasma lipoproteins. These plasma lipoproteins transport free fatty acids to the target tissue, adipose tissue and muscle. We examined hepatic genes differentially expressed in a differential-display reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (ddRT-PCR) analysis comparing high- and low-marbled Hanwoo steers. Using 60 arbitrary primers, we found 13 candidate genes that were upregulated and five candidate genes that were downregulated in the livers of high-marbled Hanwoo steers compared to low-marbled individuals. A BLAST search for the 18 DEGs revealed that 14 were well characterized, while four were not annotated. We examined four DEGs: ATP synthase F0, complement component CD, insulin-like growth factor binding protein-3 (IGFBP3) and phosphatidylethanolamine binding protein (PEBP). Of these, only two genes (complement component CD and IGFBP3) were differentially expressed at p<0.05 between the livers of high- and low-marbled individuals. The mean mRNA levels of the PEBP and ATP synthase F0 genes did not differ significantly between the livers of high- and low-marbled individuals. Moreover, these DEGs showed very high inter-individual variation in expression. These informative DEGs were assigned to the bovine chromosome in a BLAST search of MS marker subsets and the bovine genome sequence. Genes related to energy metabolism (ATP synthase F0, ketohexokinase, electron-transfer flavoprotein-ubiquinone oxidoreductase and NADH hydrogenase) were assigned to BTA 1, 11, 17, and 22, respectively. Syntaxin, IGFBP3, decorin, the bax inhibitor gene and the PEBP gene were assigned to BTA 3, 4, 5, 5, and 17, respectively. In this study, the in silico physical maps provided information on the specific location of candidate genes associated with economic traits in cattle.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.55 no.1
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• pp.1-9
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• 2016

Edible insects are an interesting alternative global food resource. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether ingestion of silkworm (Bombyx mori) pupae powder with and without resistance exercise training (isometric contraction training) increased muscle mass in ICR mice. To achieve this, 28 ICR mice were grouped into control (CON), resistance exercise training (EX), silkworm pupae powder ingested control (SP), and silkworm powder ingestion with resistance exercise training (SPEX) groups. The change in body weight ratio was significantly decreased in the EX and SPEX groups compared to the CON and SP groups. Total blood protein levels were the highest in SPEX mice compared to those in other groups. The albumin concentration increased only in the EX group. Blood GOT and GPT levels were not significantly affected. Changes in Akt and Gsk-$3{\beta}$ protein expression were not significant but there was a tendency for Akt to increase and for Gsk-$3{\beta}$ to increase following the ingestion of the powder. The size of the gastrocnemius muscle increased significantly in response to resistance exercise training only. Furthermore, the ingestion of silkworm pupae powder tended to increase muscle mass without significance. These results suggested that the ingestion of silkworm pupae powder with resistance exercise training might enhance muscle mass without hepatotoxicity. However, future study may be needed to obtained detailed results and practical suggestions.

• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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• v.44 no.3
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• pp.231-238
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• 2018

The facial skin condition expresses physical healthy as well as is considered one of important factors for attractiveness. Especially, most people prefer shiny skin. So various cosmetics has been manufactured for expression of shiny skin. However, shiny skin is subjectively evaluated, and difficult to evaluate clear shininess using the existing method in oily skin. Moreover, there is no clear classification criteria between shininess and glossiness, which is assessed negatively in the skin. So there has not been a reference value by mechanical measurement to define and classify shiny skin from greasy skin. In this study, we measured skin biophysical parameters (gloss, hydration, translucency and sebum) and facial images which are selected by volunteers using sensory evaluation. According to the measurement results, the values of gloss, sebum, and translucency were similar in both shiny and greasy skin; the values of sebum and gloss increased, whereas those of translucency decreased. However only skin moisture values statistically increased in shiny skin. In conclusion, we propose objective assessment criteria for classifying shiny and greasy skin using device measurement and quantitative assessment.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.141-152
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• 1987

The book of Sa So Jeol is about the moral training family precepts written by Yi Deok-mu (이덕무, 1739~1793) in the year of king Young Jo 51th in the Yi dynasty. The writer provides us, according to the views of Confucianists, with the principles that both elders and children of that time should abide by in the daily life, dividing the said books into 924 sections, 8 chapters, and 2 volumes. The parts concerned with children are studied in this essay. The brief conclusions are as follows. 1. Children were required to have the mental attitudes of honesty, patience, tolerance and frugality and were instructed to show such attitudes through their behavior. 2. Children were instructed to have the behavioral attitudes of nine aspects, which are the behavioral characteristics of the sages. They were instructed to emulate the personal characters of the sages through being possessed of these nine aspects, which are to be found in healthy and comfortable mental states. 3. Children were instructed to be careful and composed, in their activities. Since prudence is the basic principle of mental and behavioral attitudes, being required of men and women of all ages in a traditional society, it was emphasized from early childhood 4. The aim of instruction was taken to be becoming human, or becoming a virtuous man, rather than merely passing the classical government examamination, and for this aim the moral rules, which can be considered the order of human relations, were taught intensively. 5. As for instructional methods, the children were required to do careful or rough reading according to their abilities, and were instructed to listen to lectures politely, prudently, ardently and honestly. 6. The instructional contents are for the purpose of making children read the classical canons after increasing their perceptive ability in the various things of the sexagenary cycle, the multipicative method, the kings, lineage, and the reign-titles, and the accumulated knowledge of $\ulcorner$Kyung Mong Yo Kyul$\lrcorner$, $\ulcorner$Seong Hak Jeop Yo$\lrcorner$ and $\ulcorner$Keun Sa Lok$\lrcorner$. Because of the greater emphasis on natural talents rather than on acquired abilities, the children, however, were eudcated only after their despositions were examined. 7. The children were required to have warm-hearted, careful, polite, and prudent attitudes toward their elders, and were instructed to take precauticns against arrogance and impoliteness. Since politeness in particular was considered not only as the ground of decorum but the method of emotional regulation and maintaining composure for confucianists, it can be regarded as the principal ettiquettee demanded in all activities. 8. The main instructional contents are generally moral aspects, concentrating on introspection and virtuous conduct through emotional regulations, rather than on the natural expression of physical and mental states.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.37 no.5
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• pp.1159-1170
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• 2020

In this study, to improve the stability of fermented squalene developed using microorganisms, Microsome-SQ20 was prepared, and its physical behavior, properties, and efficacy were studied. The appearance of Microsome-SQ20 was a transparent liquid, no smell, and had a specific smell. The color was a transparent liquid, and the specific gravity was 0.928 and the pH was 5.82 (20% solution), forming a nano-emulsion suitable for use in cosmetics. It was confirmed that the content of the main component of squalene was 20.05%, which was stably sealed. The particle size measured by 0.1% aqueous solution of Microsome-SQ20 was 134.8 nm to obtain a bluish emulsified phase. The antioxidant effects of F-SQ and MF-SQ by DPPH radicals were 80.72% and 81.5%, respectively, showing superior effects compared to L-ascorbic acid. The cell viability of squalene (SQ), fermented squalene (F-SQ) and microsome squalene (MF-SQ) was at 10 ppm, respectively, showing 121.2%, 150.3%, and 129.9% cell viability. It was found that SQ, F-SQ, and MF-SQ had an elastase inhibitory ability of 8.7%, 10.33% and 8.7% at 10 ppm, respectively. In addition, the inhibitory ability of MMP-1 was 1.55%, 41.44%, 31.79% at 10 ppm for SQ, F-SQ, and MF-SQ, respectively, indicating that F-SQ significantly reduced the MMP-1 expression.

• Molecules and Cells
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.559-565
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• 2008

Members of the TGA family of basic domain/leucine zipper transcription factors regulate defense genes through physical interaction with NON-EXPRESSOR OF PR1 (NPR1). Of the seven TGA family members, TGA4/octopine synthase (ocs)-element-binding factor 4 (OBF4) is the least understood. Here we present evidence for a novel function of OBF4 as a regulator of flowering. We identified CONSTANS (CO), a positive regulator of floral induction, as an OBF4-interacting protein, in a yeast two-hybrid library screen. OBF4 interacts with the B-box region of CO. The abundance of OBF4 mRNA cycles with a 24 h rhythm under both long-day (LD) and short-day (SD) conditions, with significantly higher levels during the night than during the day. Electrophoretic mobility shift assays revealed that OBF4 binds to the promoter of the FLOWERING LOCUS T (FT) gene, a direct target of CO. We also found that, like CO and FT, an OBF4:GUS construct was prominently expressed in the vascular tissues of leaf, indicating that OBF4 can regulate FT expression through the formation of a protein complex with CO. Taken together, our results suggest that OBF4 may act as a link between defense responses and flowering.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• v.44 no.4
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• pp.580-592
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• 2020

Background: Radix et Rhizoma Ginseng (thereafter called ginseng) has been used as a medicinal herb for thousands of years to maintain people's physical vitality and is also a non-organ-specific cancer preventive and therapeutic traditional medicine in several epidemiologic and preclinical studies. Owing to few toxic side effects and strong enhancement on body immunity, ginseng has admirable application potential and value in cancer chemoprevention. The study aims at investigating the chemopreventive effects of ginseng on cutaneous carcinoma and the underlying mechanisms. Methods: The mouse skin cancer model was induced by 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene/12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate. Ultraperformance liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry was used for identifying various ginsenosides, the main active ingredients of ginseng. Comprehensive approaches (including network pharmacology, bioinformatics, and experimental verification) were used to explore the potential targets of ginseng. Results: Ginseng treatment inhibited cutaneous carcinoma in terms of initiation and promotion. The content of Rb1, Rb2, Rc, and Rd ginsenosides was the highest in both mouse blood and skin tissues. Ginseng and its active components well maintained the redox homeostasis and modulated the immune response in the model. Specifically, ginseng treatment inhibited the initiation of skin cancer by enhancing T-cell-mediated immune response through upregulating HSP27 expression and inhibited the promotion of skin cancer by maintaining cellular redox homeostasis through promoting nuclear translocation of Nrf2. Conclusion: According to the study results, ginseng can be potentially used for cutaneous carcinoma as a chemopreventive agent by enhancing cell-mediated immunity and maintaining redox homeostasis with multiple components, targets, and links.

• Korean Journal of Hospice Care
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.42-49
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• 2005

To determine which are the culturally specific factors of Korean bereavement, this chapter focuses on the view of death and the traditional mourning process which reflect Korean values and norms. The formation of the Korean view and understanding of death has been strongly influenced by three of its major traditional religions: Shamanism, Buddhism, and Confucianism (Park:1994: Hao:1999) and Christianity more recently. Each religion has a different view of death and the appropriate expression of mourning. Korea accommodates funeral customs and rules strictly as a cultural system and has retained these traditions over a long period; hence, some of the traditional funeral rituals still remain in modern Korean life, although some of the rites have been simplified. We have looked at the various ways in which grief and mourning is displayed and shared in a collective manner over a long period of time. This fits in well within the other Eastern cultures that are collectively organized, and contrary to the Eurocentric models do not hastily seek to detach the living from the dead and recognize that grief is a long process, and different individuals may take different amounts of time to recover from the grief. The view of death and bereavement in Korea has sprung from the roots of three Korean religions, together with the recent addition of Christianity, although they mainly result from the three earlier religions. The beliefs of these religions are still closely linked together in the rituals of Korean bereavement on both conscious and unconscious levels. The influence of these religions is evident in practice through the bereaved family's mourning reactions, funeral rites and customs and its views about death. Korea used to have a period of mourning for three years, following traditional mourning rites; then the chief mourner and the bereaved families could return to their normal life. In spite of this long mourning process for the bereaved family, once the funeral ceremony is finished, people expect the bereaved family not to express their grief in public; even the bereaved family does not like to talk about death. The process for bereaved people is related to mourning processes in terms of detachment from the deceased in order to start a new life. Relatives and the community recommend the performance of the kut ceremony for relieving the grief of the bereaved. When one family member dies in an unlucky way, the bereaved family may have some fear or other psychological reactions of grief such as pain, depression, insomnia and nightmares, hallucinations or other physical reactions. Unlucky deaths give the bereaved a very painful time and these types of reactions are often more serious than reactions to natural death. But through the kut ceremony, the bereaved family can start to make a new relationship with the deceased. The taboo of this type of death and death generally remains a crucial aspect of the isolation that bereaved people might face and the collective nature of mourning(even where it is still present) is unable to address this aspect of the privatization of grief.

• Journal of Digital Contents Society
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• v.16 no.5
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• pp.783-793
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• 2015

TV display which existed only in house started to show up out of house around us and now it found naturally its place in everywhere like street, bus, subway and elevator. It is called digital signage which showed up through digitalization of sign, that is, sign board and bulletin board. The distinction of digital sign from existing signs is that the latter one should go through physical process like removal after installation every time its contents are changed but the former one can produce its various outputs flexibly once it is installed. Also existing sign may be static image or 2 or 3 pieces of image to express simple motion while digital sign can contain multi media contents luxurious in design and motion. This paper confined the range of contents in digital signage in bus and subway. It needs to analyze characteristics of mass transportation-people of use, consumer by place and time, accommodation environment for consumer etc and arrange planned contents along with time and place. Developments of dedicated contents suitable to those digital signages will harmonize with place and time and promote the realm of digital signage which provides variety of experience to consumer and with which communication is possible and which is distinctive. Furthermore we may expect the birth of smart signage as a new media, in which fun and art are combined.

• KSBB Journal
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.21-26
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• 2015

Plasma is an ionized gas mixture, consisting of neutral particles, positive ions, negative electrons, electronically excited atoms and molecules, radicals, UV photons, and various reactive species. Also, plasma has unique physical properties distinct from gases, liquids, and solids. Until now, non-thermal plasmas have been widely utilized in bio-medical applications (called bio-plasma) and have been developed for the plasma-related devices that are used in the medical field. Although numerous bio-plasma studies have been performed in biomedicine, there is no confirmation of the nonthermal effect induced by bio-plasma. Standardization of the biological application of plasma has not been evaluated at the molecular level in living cells. In this context, we investigated the biological effect of bio-plasma on living cells. Hence, we treated the fibroblasts with Dielectric Bauvier Discharge bio-plasma (DBD), and assessed the characteristic change at the molecular level, one of the typical cellular responses. Heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) regulates its own protein level in response to stimuli. HSP70 responds to heat shock by increasing its own expression at the molecular level in cells. Hence, we confirmed the level of HSP70 after treatment of mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) with DBD. Interestingly, DBD-plasma induced cell death, but there was no difference in the level of HSP70, which is induced by heat shock stimuli, in DBD-treated MEFs. Our data provide the basic information on the interaction between MEFs and DBD, and can help to design a molecular approach in this field.