• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제2권2호
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• pp.105-133
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• 1969

김(해태)의 중요색소인 chlorophyll, carotenoid, phycobilin 색소의 가공 및 저장중의 안정도를 실험하였다. 생김의 색소함량, 생김의 저온저장, 초제$\cdot$건조김의 열 처리, 열 처리한 김의 실온저장시에 일어나는 이들 색소의 면화에 대한 실험 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1. 생김의 chlorophyll a, xanthophyll (lutein+zeaxanthin), 및 carotene ($\alpha-+\beta-carotene$)의 함량은 각각 1,525, 627, $409{\mu}g/g$였고 $\beta-carotene$, lutein, zeaxanthin, 및 $\alpha-carotene$의 비교 함량은 33.7, 35.9, 12.2, $5.8\%$의 순이었다. 2. 생김을 실온($20^{\circ}-25^{\circ}C),\;2^{\circ}\~5^{\circ}C$, 및 $-15^{\circ}C$에서 저장하였을 때색소의 감소는 대체로 $2^{\circ}\~5^{\circ}C$때가 다른 조건에서 보다 적었는데 carotene만은 $-15^{\circ}C$때가 $2^{\circ}\~5^{\circ}C$때 보바 다소 남은 결과였다. Phycocyanin은 Phycoeythrin 보다 많은 감소를 보였다. 3. 초제$\cdot$일건한 김 또는 초제 직후의 김을 $40^{\circ},\;60^{\circ},\;80^{\circ},\;100^{\circ}C$에서 열 처리하였을 때 양자의 경우 모두저온에서 처리할수록 색소감소가 적었고 carotenoid는 전자보다 후자의 경우 감소량이 적었다. Carotenoid중 xanthophyll은 carotene보다 열에 안정하였다. Phycoerythrin은 phycocyanin보다 열에 불안정한 경향이 였는데 높은 온도일수록 현저하였다. 4. 열 처리한 김을 50일간 저장하였을 때, 색소의 변화는 열 처리 온도에 따라 다소의 차는 있었으나 $60^{\circ}C$에서 처리한 것이 대체로 감소량이 적었다. 그러나 큰 차이는 없었다. Xanthophyll, carotene, phycobilin은 모두 고온에서 처리한 것이 저장중의 색소 감소율이 낮았고 따라서 장기저장이 가능한 것 같은 경향을 나타내었다. Xanthophyll과 carotene은 일광건조하지 않고 열 처리한 것에서 감소가 적은 만면 chlorophyll a는 일건 열 처리한 것에서 낮은 감소를 보였다. 5. 색소의 안정도와 분해반응의 억제를 감안한 열처리조건은 $60^{\circ}C$에서 $6.0\%$ 정도의 수분량을 유지할 때까지 처리하거나 그 이상의 고온에서 처리하되 열에 의한 색소의 분해를 최소한으로 하는 시간으로 한정하는 것이 적당하다고 보았다. 6. 김초제액의 PH조절은 저장중에 있어서의 chlorophyll a의 안정화에 효과가 있었으며 pH 7.8일 때가 성적이 좋았다. 초제액에 한천, 알긴산등의 해조추출물을 첨가하였을 때 김의 균일한 성형과 율택의 증진에 효과가 있었다.

• 한국양식학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국양식학회 2003년도 추계학술발표대회 논문요약집
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• pp.71-71
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• 2003

This study was conducted to investigate effects of dietary pigment sources on shell color of juvenile abalone, Haliotis discus hannai. Three replicate groups of the abalone, average weight 173 mg, were fed the diets containing various pigment sources such as Porphyra powder, Spirulina, yeast astaxanthin and paprika extract for 16 weeks. Survival and weight gain were not affected by dietary pigment sources (P>0.05). Shell color of abalone fed diets containing Porphyra powder and Spirulina was approached to yellow-red and orange which are similar to shell color of wild abalone. However, shell color of abalone fed the diets containing yeast astaxanthin and paprika extract were similar to that of control diet showing bright green. Porphyra powder and Spirulina contain not only fat-soluble pigment such as chlorophyll and carotenoids but also water-soluble pigment such as phycoerythrin and phycocyanin. These results would be useful information to change shell color of abalone in aquaculture.

• KSBB Journal
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• 제30권3호
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• pp.119-124
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• 2015

Arthrospira platensis (A. platensis) is a microscopic and filamentous cyanobacterium that derives its name from the spiral or helical nature of its filaments. In this study, we induced mutants of A. platensis through NMU treatment and selected two strains by level of ipid contents. We named mutant '1-9', '2-5', and they were cultivated in the same way with the wild type. During 12 days cultivation, cell growth, dry cell weight, pigment content, and lipid content were measured for characteristics of mutants. As a result, pigment and lipid content of mutants were increased about 3.6, 1.8 times compared with wild type, respectively. It was shown that total flavonoid and polyphenol contents of mutants were increased about 1.5 times compared with wild type. And radical scavenging effect of mutants were increased about 10% compared with wild type.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제53권4호
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• pp.524-529
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• 2020

Recently, several mutant laver Pyropia yezoensis strains were developed. In this study, control laver Pyropia yezoensis and its mutant Py500G were compared for their amino acid contents and antioxidative activities. There was no significant difference of total amino acid contents between wild-type and mutant Py500G, but mutant had higher free amino acid contents than wild-type. Also, total phenolic content was higher in mutant Py500G. Phycoerythrin and phycocyanin contents were higher in wild-type. But, antixoidative activities were shown to be higher in mutant Py500G. These results will be useful for the development of new cultivar of Pyropia.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제20권11호
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• pp.1506-1512
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• 2010

The present study examined the salinity-induced oxidative damage and differential response of enzymatic and nonenzymatic antioxidants of Nostoc muscorum. As compared with carotenoid content that showed induction, the chlorophyll and phycocyanin contents were inhibited after salt stress. Acceleration of lipid peroxidation and peroxide production suggested the onset of oxidative damage. The activities of all studied enzymatic antioxidants were significantly increased by salt stress, with maximum induction occuring with superoxide dismutase (154.8% at 200 mM NaCl treatment). Interestingly, under severe stress condition (250 mM NaCl), ascorbate peroxidase seemed to be more crucial than catalase for peroxide scavenging. Among the studied nonenzymatic antioxidants, ${\alpha}$-tocopherol was induced maximally (56.0%); however, ascorbate and reduced glutathione were increased by only 8.9% after 250 mM NaCl treatment as compared with control cells. Therefore, salinity was found to induce the antioxidative defense system of N. muscorum.

• 한국해양바이오학회지
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.90-95
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• 2023

This study aimed to develop low-salt seasoned Gim (김) with new functionality to meet the diversification of the export market and consumer demand for Gim, which is one of the four major seafood products in Chungcheongnam-do province. Spirulina, a microalgae containing essential amino acids, vitamins, and minerals, is known to have antioxidant components such as phycocyanin. Therefore, to determine the suitability of spirulina as a seasoning material, we conducted seaweed. It can be used as a substitute for seasoning salt in the development of low-salt seasoned laver with enhanced functionality.

• 한국물환경학회지
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• 제35권6호
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• pp.589-597
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• 2019

The purpose of this study was improve accuracy the IOPs inversion model(IOPs-IM) developed in 2016 for phycocyanin(PC) concentration estimation in the Nakdong River. Additionally, two optimum models were developed and evaluated with 2017 measurement field spectral data for the Geum River and the Yeongsan River. The used measurement data for IOPs-IM analyzation was randomly classified as training and verification materials at the ratio of 2:1 in all data sets. Using the training data set from 2015-2017, accuracy results of the IOPs-IM generally improved for the Nakdong River. The RMSE(Root Mean Square Error) decreased by 14 % compared to 2016. For the GeumRiver, the results of the IOPs-IM were suitable, except for some point results in 2016. Results of the IOPs-IM in the Yeongsan River followed the overall 1:1 line and MAE(Mean Absolute Error) was lower than other rivers. But the RMSE and MAE values were higher. As a result of applying the validation data to the IOPs-IM, the accuracy of the Nakdong River was reduced to RMSE 17.7 % and MRE 16.4 %, respectively compared with 2016. However, the MRE(Mean Relative Error) was estimated to be higher by 400 % in the Geum River, and the RMSE was more than 100 mg/㎥ of the Yeongsan River. Therefore, it is necessary to get the continuously data with various sections of each river for obtain objective and reliable results and the models should be improved.

• 생태와환경
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• 제34권3호통권95호
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• pp.141-152
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• 2001

1999년 여름동안 동해안의 7개 석호와, 내륙의 5개 인공호를 대상으로 autotrophic picoplankton (APP)의풍부도와 총 식물플랑크톤 생물량에 대한 기여도를 평가하였다. 석호에서는 부영양화가 심한 호수에서 주로 나타나는 phycocyanin-rich APP가 우점한 반면 인공호에서는 주로 phycoerythrin-rich APP가 우점하였다. 동해안 석호에서 APP의 세포밀도와 생물량은 각각 $3.6{\times}10^3{\sim} 5.0{\times}10^6\;cells/ml$와 $1.0{\sim}1,385.0\;{\mu}gC/L$의 범위를 나타냈고 인공호에서는 각각 $3.8{\times}10^4{\sim}3.6{\times}10^5\;cells/ml$와 $15.3{\sim}128.2\;{\mu}gC/L$의 범위로 동해안석호에서 더 높은 APP의 풍부도를 나타냈다. 특히 경포호에서는 3회조사 모두 $10^6\;cells/ml$이상의 높은 세포밀도를 보였는데 이는 세계적으로 보고된 가장 높은 밀도 수준이다. 소양호에서 APP의 수직분포를 조사한 결과 수온약층에서 최대 세포밀도를 나타냈는데 이는 APP가 낮은 광도에서도 성장이 가능하며 심층의 높은 영양염류를 이용할 수 있었기 때문으로 사료된다. APP세포밀도는TN/TP비와 음의 상관관계,TP와는 양의 상관관계를 나타내어 APP의 풍부도가 호수의 부영양화와 함께 증가하는 경향을 나타내었다. 총 식물플랑크톤 생물량에 대한 APP의 기여도는 $0.1{\sim}85.0%$로 호수간의 큰 차이를 보였다. 본 연구결과는 지금까지 식물플랑크톤 연구에서 소외되어져 왔던 APP가 호수 생태계의 일차생산자로써 중요한 부분을 차지하고 있음을 보여주고 있다.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제10권3호
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• pp.381-385
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• 2000

The effect and interaction of Ca and B on exopolysaccharide (EPS) synthesis in the diazotrophically growing cyanobacterium. Nostoc spongiaeforme, was investigated. The absence of B inhibited EPS synthesis 1.56-fold ($16\mu\textrm{g}$ glucose equivalent/mg dry weight, 16 d) over the control cells ($25\mu\textrm{g}$ glucose equivalent) grown in medium containing 0.5 mM Ca and $8{\mu}{\textrm}{m}$ B. When B concentration was raised to $40{\mu}{\textrm}{m}$, EPS production was stimulated 1.8-fold. Reduction of Ca concentraion to one-half (0.25 mM) resulted in increased B demand (16$\muM$) by the cells for EPS production at par with the normal sets. However, without Ca, EPS production also increased as B increased. Addition of B to a Ca-free medium stimulated cyanobacterial diazotrophic growth as well as synthesis of Chl a and phycocyanin (0-8 d). The data suggest B-dependent diazotrophic growth during Ca-deficiency and point to and important interactive role of Ca and B in regulation of cyanobacterial EPS synthesis.

• ALGAE
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• 제28권1호
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• pp.121-129
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• 2013

Intact phycobilisomes from a wild-type red Chondrus crispus and its vegetatively derived green mutant were isolated by centrifugation through a discontinuous sucrose density gradient. Pigment composition was subsequently characterized by spectrophotometry. Vegetative thalli of the two strains grown together for six months in the laboratory resulted in different pigment profiles. Two pigmented phycobilisome bands appeared in the sucrose gradient of the wild-type alga, a purple coloured one, and a pink one, whereas only a single blue band appeared in the gradient of the green mutant. Spectrophotometric and fluorescence analyses identified the phycobiliprotein composition of the purple band as the typical phycoerythrin-phycocyanin-allophycocyanin complement in the wild-type, but there was no detectable phycoerythrin present in the blue band of the green mutant. Sodium dodecyl sulphate, preparative polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis analysis confirmed the presence of allophycocyanin subunits in all extracts, but firm evidence of an R-phycoerythrin linker polypeptide in the blue band was missing. These results highlight the ability of C. crispus to adapt to a phycoerythrin deficiency by adjusting light harvesting pigment ratios.