• Genomics & Informatics
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• 제5권3호
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• pp.107-112
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• 2007

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are known to negatively control protein-coding genes by binding to messenger RNA (mRNA) in the cytoplasm. In innate immunity, the role of miRNA gene silencing is largely unknown. In this study, we performed microarray-based experiments using lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated macrophages derived from wild-type, MyD88 knockout (KO), TRIF KO, and MyD88/TRIF double KO mice. We employed a statistical approach to determine the importance of the commonality and specificity of miRNA binding sites among groups of temporally co-regulated genes. We demonstrate that both commonality and specificity are irrelevant to define a priori groups of co-down regulated genes. In addition, analyzing the various experimental conditions, we suggest that miRNA regulation may not only be a late-phase process (after transcription) but can also occur even early (1h) after stimulation in knockout conditions. This further indicates the existence of dynamic interactions between miRNA and signaling molecules/transcription factor regulation; this is another proof for the need of shifting from a 'hard-wired' paradigm of gene regulation to a dynamical one in which the gene co-regulation is established on a case-by-case basis.

• Journal of Power Electronics
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• 제10권5호
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• pp.548-554
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• 2010

In this paper, a 1.5 kW Interior Permanent Magnet Synchronous Generator (IPMSG) with a power conditioner for the grid integration of a variable-speed wind turbine is developed. The power-conditioning system consists of a series-type 12-pulse diode rectifier powered by a phase shifting transformer and then cascaded to a PWM voltage source inverter. The PWM inverter is utilized to supply sinusoidal currents to the utility line by controlling the active and reactive current components in the q-d rotating reference frame. While the q-axis active current of the PWM inverter is regulated to follow an optimized active current reference so as to track the maximum power of the wind turbine. The d-axis reactive current can be adjusted to control the reactive power and voltage. In order to track the maximum power of the wind turbine, the optimal active current reference is determined by using a simple MPPT algorithm which requires only three sensors. Moreover, the phase angle of the utility voltage is detected using a simple electronic circuit consisting of both a zero-crossing voltage detecting circuit and a counter circuit employed with a crystal oscillator. At the generator terminals, a passive filter is designed not only to decrease the harmonic voltages and currents observed at the terminals of the IPMSG but also to improve the generator efficiency. The laboratory results indicate that the losses in the IPMSG can be effectively reduced by setting a passive filter at the generator terminals.

• Journal of Advanced Marine Engineering and Technology
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• 제38권7호
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• pp.916-922
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• 2014

본 논문에서는 12-펄스정류기의 고조파 저감을 위해 12-펄스정류기의 커패시터 중앙 DC버스에 보조전원장치의 설치를 제안하였다. 그리고 이 장치에 의해 고조파가 감소되는 이론적인 배경을 다루었으며 부하전류의 크기에 따라 보조전원장치가 어떻게 제어되어야 하는지를 밝혔다. 본 논문에서 제안한 보조전원장치는 구형파 전압원을 적용함으로써 능동필터와 같은 다른 방식에 비해 시스템 구조가 간단하고 보다 저렴하다. 본 논문에서 제안하는 12-펄스정류기 고조파 저감법의 검증을 위해 소프트웨어 PSIM을 활용하였으며 제안된 방식의 유효성을 확인하였다.

• Journal of Electrical Engineering and Technology
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.301-306
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• 2014

We proposed a new PCB-type 'common-mode current($I_c$) and differential-mode current($I_d$) detector' working for fast detection of $I_c$ and $I_d$ from the differential-mode signaling, with miniaturization effect and possibility of cheaper fabrication. In order to realize this device, we suggest a branch-line-coupler balun having a composite right- and left-handed(CRLH) one-layer microstrip phase-shifting line as compact as roughly ${\lambda}_g/14$. The presented balun obviously is different from the conventional bent-&-folded delay lines or slits on the ground for coupling the lines on the top and bottom dielectrics. As we connect the suggested balun output ports of the differential-mode signal lines via the through-port named U and coupled-port named L, $I_c$ and $I_d$ will appear at port ${\Delta}$ and port ${\Sigma}$ of the present device, in order. The validity of the design scheme is verified by the circuit-and numerical electromagnetic analyses, and the dispersion curve proving the metamaterial characteristics of the geometry. Besides, the examples of the $I_c$ and $I_d$ indicator are observed as the even and odd modes in differential-mode signal feeding. Also, the proposed device is shown to be very compact, compared with the conventional structure.

• 한국ITS학회 논문지
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.111-118
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• 2016

본 논문은 무인항공기 탑재용 능동 빔 보상이 가능한 X-대역(9.375 GHz) $1{\times}2$ 배열 마이크로스트립 안테나를 제안한다. 먼저 기본형 $1{\times}2$ 배열 마이크로스트립 안테나와 윌킨슨 전력분배기를 결합하여 배열 안테나를 설계 하였고, 배열 안테나의 방사 성능을 확인하였다. 측정 결과, 다음으로 설계된 배열 안테나의 빔 조향을 위해 위상기, 윌킨슨 전력분배기를 모듈구조로 제작하였고, 위상 천이에 따른 빔 조향 특성을 측정 하였다. 금속 차폐를 통해 메인 로브는 $0^{\circ}$ 방향에서 0.3 dB 개선된 -0.6 dBi로, 좌우 대칭인 안정된 방사패턴을 얻었다. 또한 $180^{\circ}$ 방향에서 사이드 로브를 18.8 dB 감소시켰다. 다음으로, 무인항공기 날개에 컴팩트하게 탑재할 수 있도록 배열 안테나의 뒷면에 위상기와 전력분배기를 부착하여 능동 빔 조향 마이크로스트립 배열 안테나를 설계 및 제작 하였다. 측정 결과 최대 이득은 0.7 dB 향상된 0.1 dBi로, 메인 로브는 좌우 대칭이며 사이드 로브가 억제된 형태의 방사 특성을 얻을 수 있었다. 따라서, 무인항공기 날개에 탑재된 배열 안테나에 대해 날개의 변형에 따른 빔 오차를 보상할 수 있는 기본 안테나 설계 기술을 확보하였다.

• 공업화학
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• 제29권1호
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• pp.56-61
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• 2018

황-요오드(SI) 공정의 통합 운전을 위한 분젠 반응 단계에서, $I_2$ 및 $H_2O$ 반응물들은 $HI_x$ 용액 내 용해된 성분들로써 공급된다. $HI_x$ 용액과 $SO_2$ 공급을 이용하여 분젠 반응이 수행될 때 $HI_x$ 상 내 대부분의 $H_2SO_4$ 생성물이 존재하며, 이에 따라 $HI_x$ 상에 대한 $H_2SO_4$ 상의 부피 비가 매우 낮다. 본 연구에서 우리는 상 분리 성능을 향상시키기 위해 $HI_x$ 용액을 이용한 분젠 반응에 대한 초음파 조사의 효과들을 연구하였다. 분젠 반응과 함께 초음파가 조사될 때 $HI_x$ 상으로부터 $H_2SO_4$ 상으로 이동된 $H_2SO_4$의 양은 최대 58.0 mol%까지 증가하였으며, $H_2SO_4$ 상의 부피 또한 최대 13.1 vol%까지 증가하였다. 특히, 상 분리에 대한 초음파 조사의 효과는 온도, $I_2$ 및 $H_2O$ 공급 농도가 감소함에 따라 향상되었다. 초음파 조사는 $HI_x$ 상 내 반응 평형을 미시적으로 이동시킴으로써 추가적인 $H_2O$ 분자들의 형성을 유도하였다. 이로부터 추가적으로 생성된 $H_2O$ 및 분리된 $H_2SO_4$ 분자들이 $H_2SO_4$ 상으로 이동할 수 있는 더 많은 $H_2SO_4{\cdot}xH_2O$ (x = 5-6) 착물들을 형성하였다.

• 제어로봇시스템학회논문지
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.139-146
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• 2016

Recently, popularity of 3D technology has been growing significantly and it has many application parts in the various fields of industry. In order to overcome the limitations of 2D machine vision technologies based on 2D image, we need the 3D measurement technologies. There are many 3D measurement methods as such scanning probe microscope, phase shifting interferometry, confocal scanning microscope, white-light scanning interferometry, and so on. In this paper, we have used the extended depth of focus (EDF) algorithm among 3D measurement methods. The EDF algorithm is the method which extracts the 3D information from 2D images acquired by short range depth camera. In this paper, we propose the EDF algorithm using the edge informations of images and the average values of all pixel on z-axis to improve the performance of conventional method. To verify the performance of the proposed method, we use the various synthetic images made by point spread function(PSF) algorithm. We can correctly make a comparison between the performance of proposed method and conventional one because the depth information of these synthetic images was known. Through the experimental results, the PSNR of the proposed algorithm was improved about 1 ~ 30 dB than conventional method.

• 방송공학회논문지
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.3-15
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• 2015

지상파 디지털 방송시스템에서도 높은 전송율에 대한 요구가 증가하고 있다. 이러한 요구를 만족시키기 위해서는 무엇보다도 MIMO 기술 도입이 필요하다. 본 논문에서는 DVB-NGH 시스템에서 편파 $2{\times}2$ MIMO SM을 적용할 경우 공간 채널 상관도가 높은 지상파 방송 채널에서의 성능을 개선하기 위한 전치 부호화 기법을 제안하였다. 또한, 제안한 전치 부호화 기법을 적용할 때, 2개의 안테나에 서로 다른 변조 차수를 가진 신호를 전송할 경우 서로 다른 전력을 이용하여 수신 성능을 향상시키는 기법을 제안하였다. 제안한 기법을 최적화하기 위해 전치 부호화를 위한 위상 회전값과 적합한 서로 다른 전력비를 구하였다. 도출된 파라미터를 지상파 방송환경에 적용하여 모의실험을 통해 기존 SM에 비해 성능이 향상됨을 보였다.

• Journal of Magnetics
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.52-59
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• 2004

As deposited and annealed MTJs with the structure of $Ta(5 nm)/Cu(10 nm)/Ta(5 nm)/Ni_{80}Fe_{20}(2 nm)/Cu(5 nm)/ Ir_{25}Mn_{75}(10 nm)/Co_{70}Fe_{30}(2.5 nm)/Al-O/Co_{70}Fe_{30}(2.5nm)/Ni_{80}Fe_{20}(t)/Ta(5nm)/Ni_{80}Fe_{20}(t)/Ta(5 nm)$, where t=10, 30, 60 and 100 nm were characterized by XRD and magnetic hysteresis loops measurements. The XRD measurements were done in grazing incidence $(GID scan-2{\theta})$ and ${\theta}-2{\theta}$ geometry, by rocking curve $(scan-{\omega})$ and pole figures in order to establish correlation between texture and crystallites size and magnetic parameters of exchange biased and interlayer coupling. The variations of shifting and coercivity field of free and pinned layers after annealing in $300^{\circ}C$ correlate with the improvement of ［111］ texture and grains size of $Ni_{80}Fe_{20}$ and $Ir_{25}Mn_{75}$ respectively. The exchange biased and the coercivity fields of the pinned layer linearly increased with increasing grain size of $Ir_{25}Mn_{75}$, The reciprocal proportionality between interlayer coupling and coercivity fields of the free layer and grain size of $Ni_{80}Fe_{20}$ was found. The enhancement of interlayer coupling between pinned and free layers, after annealing treatment, indicates on the correlated in-phase roughness of dipolar interacting interfaces due to increase of crystallites size of $Ni_{80}Fe_{20}$.

• 대한추나의학회지
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• 제2권1호
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• pp.133-142
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• 2001

Objectives : The aim of this study is to investigate the relationship between spinal distortion and pain in elementary and middle school students. Methods : Using the phase-shifting moire developed by KAIST(Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology) we measured the back surface distortion, and using questionnaire investigation, we investigated the partial pain in 1008 elementary and middle school students(532 boy students(52.8%), 476 girl students(47.2%)) in Seoul in 1999. And, we statistically analyzed the relationship between spinal distortion and partial body pain Results : This study show that the more age increase, the more the pain in head, neck, shoulder, back and low back Increase considerably among the students aged 9 to 15. The ratio of each partial body pain was 28.4%, 19.7%, 18.2%, 18.7%. 16.0% at the age of 9 and 59.7%, 67.4%, 51.8%, 51.8%, 64.4% at the age of 15 respectively. And, it was shown there was a significant correlation between spine distortion and partial body pain area. When the spinal distortion was found at the upper thoracic and cervical area, the students complained the more pain on head, neck and shoulder(p<0.05) and when the spinal distortion was found at the sacral base, the more headache(p<0.05) Conclusions : It is suggested that the significant correlation exist between the spinal distortion and pain and the pain related to spine disorder get more increase as students grow. We have to study further more about Juvenile postural distortion and it's prevention.