• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.19 no.6
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• pp.566-572
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• 2009

Lentinus edodes is a well-known edible and medicinal mushroom used in Oriental cultures. Recently, L. edodes has attracted a lot of attention owing to its antifungal activity, antibacterial activity, antiviral activity, hepatoprotective effect, antitumor activities, and immunomodulatory and cytotoxic effects. In this study, the water-soluble crude polysaccharides, CPF and CPB, which were obtained from the fruiting body and culture cell-free broth of L. edodes by hot-water extraction and ethanol precipitation, were fractionated by DEAE cellulose and Sepharose CL-6B column chromatography, resulting in six polysaccharide fractions, CPFN-G-I, CPFN-G-II, CPFN-G-III, CPFA-G, CPBN-G, and CPBA-G Among these fractions, CPFN-G-I, CPBN-G, and CPBA-G were shown to stimulate the functional activation of macrophages including NO production, cytokine expression, and phagocytosis.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.35 no.5
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• pp.360-367
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• 1991

Effect of Mylabris sidae(MS) and Epicauta gorhami(EG) polysaccharide fractions on the inflammation and immune responses were studied in vivo. MS and EG contained cantharidin about 0.61 and 0.65%, respectively. It was shown that MS and EG polysaccharide fractions at a oral dose of 100 mg/kg have the significant anti-inflammatory and analgesic activity; They inhibited significantly the carrageenin-induced inflammation and acetic acid-induced writhing syndrome. They accelerated significantly the carbon clearance and the phagocytosis of colloidal carbons by Kupffer cells in liver, but they at a oral dose of 100 mg/kg suppressed significantly the Arthus reaction in the sheep red blood cell(S-RBC)-sensitized mice in accordance with the inhibition of haemaglutinin titer, haemolysin titer and plaque-forming cells. On the other hand, they at a oral dose of 200 mg/kg accelerated slightly the oxazolone-induced dermatitis in rats and delayed hypersensitivity in the S-RBC-challenzed mice in consistent with the increase of rosette forming cells. As the above results, it exhibited that MS and EG polysaccharide fractions inhibited the humoral immune responses, but they accelerated the function of macrophages and cellular immune responses. EG polysaccharide fraction had more active than MS polysaccharide fraction.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.83-92
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• 2005

Objective: Although the effect of Ulmus davidiana Planch (UD) extracts on collagen-induced-arthritis (CIA) and bone metabolism has been studies, research on its effect on human immunomodulatory activity is further a due. The objective of the present study was to investigate the immunomodulatory activity of UD on cellular and humoral immunity. Methods : Oral administration of the ethanolic and water extracts of UD, at doses of 20, 100 and 200 mg/kg in mice, dose dependently potentiated the delayed type hypersensitivity reaction induced both by sheep red blood cells (SRBC) and oxazolone. Results : It significantly enhanced the production of circulating antibody titre in response to SRBC in mice. Extracts of UD failed to show any effect on macrophage phagocytosis. Chronic administration of UD extracts significantly ameliorated the total white blood cell count and also restored the myelosuppressive effects induced by cyclophosphamide. Conclusion : The present investigation reveals that UD extracts possesses immunomodulatory activity.

• Journal of Microbiology
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• v.45 no.3
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• pp.268-271
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• 2007

In Korea, the Mycobacterium tuberculosis K-strain is the most prevalent clinical isolates and belongs to the Beijing family. In this study, we conducted comparative porteomics of expressed proteins of clinical isolates of the K-strain with H37Rv, H37Ra as well as the vaccine strain of Mycobacterium bovis BCG following phagocytosis by the human monocytic cell line U-937. Proteins were analyzed by 2-D PAGE and MALDI-TOF-MS. Two proteins, Mb1363 (probable glycogen phosphorylase GlgP) and MT2656 (Haloalkane dehalogenase LinB) were most abundant after phagocytosis of M. tuberculosis K-strain. This approach provides a method to determine specific proteins that may have critical roles in tuberculosis pathogenesis.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.344-348
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• 2005

Fucoidans, high-molecular-weight sulfated polysaccharides extracted from brown seaweeds, have various biological activities. Here we examined whether fucoidan could ncrease the immunomodulation and proliferation capacity of cells in vitro. When peritoneal macrophages were treated with various concentrations of fucoidan $(1\~100{\mu}g/mL)$ for 24 hours, NO production was significantly increased. In addition, exposure of macrophages to $10{\mu}g/mL$ of fucoidan induced a phagocytic activity. Treatment of neuroblastoma cells (SK-N-SH) with fucoidan enhanced cell proliferation and NO production in a concentration-dependent manner. These results indicate that fucoidan has both immunomodulatory and cell proliferative properties, and may thus be a candidate for development as an immunomodulating agent.

• Journal of fish pathology
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.103-110
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• 2000

The immunostimulatory effects of quaternary ammonium compounds(QACs) were investigated in leucocytes of eel(Anguilla japonica) in vitro. Proliferation of peripheral blood lymphocytes(PBLs) was no significantly affected by QACs, regardless of mitogen(PHA, ConA and LPS) and the concentration of QACs added. QACs heightened the leucocytes function such as respiratory burst activity, phagocytosis and pinocytosis, resulting in significantly increased the bactericidal activity of macrophages. These results suggested that QAC might modulate the immune responses by activation of leucocytes function but not by increment of immunocompetent cell numbers.

• BMB Reports
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• v.55 no.10
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• pp.473-480
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• 2022

Neutrophils, the most abundant innate immune cells, play essential roles in the innate immune system. As key innate immune cells, neutrophils detect intrusion of pathogens and initiate immune cascades with their functions; swarming (arresting), cytokine production, degranulation, phagocytosis, and projection of neutrophil extracellular trap. Because of their short lifespan and consumption during immune response, neutrophils need to be generated consistently, and generation of newborn neutrophils (granulopoiesis) should fulfill the environmental/systemic demands for training in cases of infection. Accumulating evidence suggests that neutrophils also play important roles in the regulation of adaptive immunity. Neutrophil-mediated immune responses end with apoptosis of the cells, and proper phagocytosis of the apoptotic body (efferocytosis) is crucial for initial and post resolution by producing tolerogenic innate/adaptive immune cells. However, inflammatory cues can impair these cascades, resulting in systemic immune activation; necrotic/pyroptotic neutrophil bodies can aggravate the excessive inflammation, increasing inflammatory macrophage and dendritic cell activation and subsequent T_H1/T_H17 responses contributing to the regulation of the pathogenesis of autoimmune disease. In this review, we briefly introduce recent studies of neutrophil function as players of immune response.

• Proceedings of the Plant Resources Society of Korea Conference
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• 2023.04a
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• pp.47-47
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• 2023

Paeonia lactiflora roots (PLR) are a medicinal plant widely used for treating inflammatory diseases. However, PLR has been recently reported to increase the production of proinflammatory mediators and activates phagocytosis in macrophages. Thus, in this study, we tried to verify the macrophage activation of PLR and elucidate its mechanism of action. PLR upregulated the production of proinflammatory mediators and activated phagocytosis in RAW264.7 cells. However, these effects were reversed by inhibition of TLR2/4. In addition, the inhibition of p38, JNK, and ERK1/2 reduced the PLR-mediated production of proinflammatory mediators, and the PLR-mediated activation of p38, JNK, and ERK1/2 was blocked by the TLR4 inhibition. These findings indicate that PLR may activate macrophages through TLR4-dependent activation of p38, JNK, and ERK1/2. These indicate that PLR has immunostimulatory activity. Thus, it is believed that PLR can be used as a functional food agent that enhances the immune system.

• Proceedings of the Plant Resources Society of Korea Conference
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• 2022.09a
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• pp.89-89
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• 2022

Paeonia lactiflora (P. lactiflora) is a medicinal plant widely used for treating inflammatory diseases. However, P. lactiflora has been recently reported to increase the production of proinflammatory mediators and activates phagocytosis in macrophages. Thus, in this study, we tried to verify the macrophage activation of Paeoniae Radix Alba (PRR, also known as red peony root) and elucidate its mechanism of action. PRR upregulated the production of proinflammatory mediators and activated phagocytosis in RAW264.7 cells. However, these effects were reversed by inhibition of TLR2/4. In addition, the inhibition of p38, JNK, and ERK1/2 reduced the PRR-mediated production of proinflammatory mediators, and the SPL-mediated activation of p38, JNK, and ERK1/2 was blocked by the TLR4 inhibition. These findings indicate that PRR may activate macrophages through TLR4-dependent activation of p38, JNK, and ERK1/2. These indicate that PRR has immunostimulatory activity. Thus, it is believed that PRR can be used as a functional food agent that enhances the immune system.

• Biomedical Science Letters
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.167-174
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• 1996

Alcoholics increased susceptibility to microbial infection that is associated with decreased immunity. but there has been little experimental evidence to support alcoholics-induced increase of microbial infection directly in non-specific immunity. Therefore, we were used the method of phagocytic-plaque including all the stimulating factors for the phagocytosis, subtypes of lymphocytes and T-lymphocyte proliferation. The experimental groups were divided into 3 groups: (1) alcoholics who were hospitalized less than 1 week (newly hospitalized alcoholics), (2) alcoholics who were hospitalized more than 2 weeks (old hospitalized alcoholics), (3) healthy blood donors. We have studied 98 alcoholics and 35 healthy blood donors and control groups. A physician has checked the biological markers and diagnosed the body-condition alcoholics. The immunity and non-specific immunity on the alcoholics were analyzed by using the simultest kit and flow cytometry. Proliferation of the lymphocytes was analyzed by the phytohemmagglutinine mitogen. Phagocytosis and migration properties of leukocytes were identified on the layer formed by Staphylococcus aureus Cowan I strain. Biological markers of alcoholics and control groups, by such as blood glucose, ${\gamma}$-glutamyl transpeptidase and mean corpuscular volumes of red blood cells, were determined by biochemical and hematological methods. Compared with control groups, cluster of differentiation (CD)3+, CD8+ and CD19+ in alcoholic were more decreased except CD4+/CD8+ ratio. Proliferation of the T-lymphocytes, phagocytosis and migration properties of the leukocytes in alcoholics were decreased compared with those of control groups. According to the results observed in our experiment, they can be summerized as follows: 1, Cellular, humoral and non-specific immunities, are markedly decreased in alcoholics than those in control groups. 2. It is inferred that Phagocytic plaque formation is a very useful method to evaluate phagocytosis and migration properties of the alcoholic leukocytes 3. It is thought that the subtypes of lymphocytes, especially CD4+/CD8+ ratio, are essential methods to analyzed the alcoholic immunity. 4. Specific and non-specific immunity on the old hospitalized alcoholics was slightly increased, which depends upon the alcoholic medication.