• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.45-50
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• 1987

This study was undertaken to evaluate the role of peritoneal exudate cells in the transfer of immunity against the liver cuke, Clonorchis sinensis in the inbred BALB/c mice. Ten donor mice were divided into 2 groups. One group consisted of 5 mice was infected orally with 20 metacercariae of C. siitensis, and the other group was injected intraperitoneally with 20 excysted larvae. Thirty days after immunization, the peritoneal exudate cells tore obtained from the donor mice. Twenty recipient mice were divided into 4 equal groups for the purpose of primary immunization. The mice of Group I were injected intraperitoneally with $2{\times}10^6$ peritoneal exudate cells of the donor mice infected orally, those of Group II were injected intraperitoneally with $2{\times}10^6$ peritoneal exudate cells of the donor mice injected intraperitoneally. Those of Group III were injected orally with 20 metacercariae of C. sinensis. The group IV mice served as controls. Four days after the primary iMmunization all recipient mice were challenged orally with 20 metacercariae of C. sinensis, and then killed 30 days after the challenging infection. When the peritoneal exudate cells were injected into the recipient mice, pronounced reduction in eggs per gram of the feces was found in the mice o( Group I and Group II, but no reduction in those of Group III. In the worm burdens of C. sinensis, the number of flukes found in the mice of Group II was only significantly less than those in the control group (IV). In addition the number of plaque forming cells per spleen in the mice of Group II was found larger than those in Group I. It is likely that donor peritoneal exudate cells transferred to the recipients might result in the production of relative immunity.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Applied Pharmacology
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• 1996.04a
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• pp.177-177
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• 1996

Taurine Chloramine (Tau-Cl) inhibits production of nitric oxide(NO) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-${\alpha}$) in activated peritoneal macrophages, similar In that previously reported for activated RAW 264.7 cells. In addition, the effect of Tau-Cl and taurine on superoxide anion (O$\_$2/$\^$-/) Production in murine peritoneal exudate polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN) was examined. Tau-Cl inhibited O$\_$2/$\^$-/ production in a manner that was dose-dependent and reversible, Taurine also inhibited O$\_$2/$\^$-/ production by stimulated PMN, but at higher concentrations and to a lesser extent than Tau-Cl. The effects of taurine on O$\_$2/$\^$-/ production was attributed to the in vitro formation of Tau-Cl catalyzed by PMN associated halide-dependent myeloperoxidase. In contrast, production of NO and TNF-${\alpha}$ by activated peritoneal exudate macrophages was inhibited by Tau-Cl while taurine was without effect. These data lend support to the notion that Tau-Cl may participate ill the inflammatory responses by modulating production of inflammatory mediators.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.31 no.6
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• pp.347-354
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• 1987

The effect of vitamin A on the immune response in ICR mice was studied. The effects were evaluated by immuno organ weight, peripheral circulating white blood cells, HA and HY titer, peritoneal exudate cells, RFC, Arthus reaction and DTH in mice. The spleen of mice was significantly hypertrophied by deficiency or over doses of vitamin A as compared with control group (50IU/kg). Arthus reaction, RFC and peritoneal exudate cells were sharply decreased according to the increase of vitamin A doses. The number of white blood cell was decreased according to the increase of vitamin A doses, but in the case of vitamin A 50,000 IU/kg treated group, it was significantly increased. These results suggest that deficiency or over dose of vitamin A decrease humoral and cellular immune response.

• KSBB Journal
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.39-44
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• 1992

Dose-dependent responses indicated by the increase of leukocyte, peritoneal exudate cell and weights of immunorgans revealed the improvement of immunity. In the effect of macrophage on phagocytes, there were not substantial differences in the phagocytic and corrected phagocytic index. The administered group being compared with the controlled group, there were no significant changes in SGOT, S-GPT, alaline phosphatase, total protein, albumin, globulin, cholesterol, triglyceride, blood urea nitrogen and glucose. Key words: dose-dependent responses, peritoneal exudate cell, phagocytic idex, corrected phagocytic index.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.35 no.3
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• pp.165-173
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• 1991

Effects of eight flavonoids and their related compounds on leukocytes migration, superoxide anion production and lipid peroxidation in the phagocytosis of latex beads or E. coli by guinea pig peritoneal exudate cells were studied in vitro. It shows that most of flavonoids generally inhibited the leukocytes migration and production of superoxide anion and malonedialdehydes. Their inhibitory activities in the phagocytosis of latex beads had more active than that of E. coli. Quercetin has the most inhibitory activity in leukocytes migration and production of superoxide anion and lipid peroxides at the concentration of 1, 2 and 10 $\mu{M}$. Catechin and rutin at the concentration of 2 and 10 $\mu{M}$ inhibited significantly the production of superoxide anion and lipid peroxides. Flavone, catechin, naringin and rutin at the concentration of 2 and 10 $\mu{M}$ inhibited significantly the leukocytes migration.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.181-190
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• 1985

To determine contents of inorganic elements of Ganoderma lucidum, the horn-shaped carpophores and the pileus of Ganoderma lucidum were incinerated and analyzed by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrophotometry. The ash contents of the pileus and the horn-shaped carpophore were 1.48% and 1.40%, respectively. The pileus contained calcium, magnesium, sodium, manganese, iron, zinc and germanium in that order. The horn-shaped carpophore contained magnesium, calcium, zinc, manganese, iron, copper and germanium in that order. To examine the protein-bound polysaccharide from Ganoderma lucidum for immunopotentiating activity, its fruit bodies were extracted with hot water. Purification of the extract was carried out by acetone precipitation and dialysis. The fraction obtained during the purification procedure consisted of a polysaccharide moiety (51%) and a protein moiety (5%). When the compound was administered intraperitoneally to the mice at a dose of 50mg/kg, it enhanced the accumulation of the peritoneal exudate cells, macrophage and polymorphonuclear leucocytes, thereby indicating immunopotentiation.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• v.33 no.3
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• pp.195-200
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• 1995

The presence of biological response modifiers (BRMI-like effect was confirmed in peritoneal exudate (PE) of ToxopLnsmo gondii-infected ICR mice which inhibited Concanavalin A (Con A)-induced peritoneal Iymphocyte (PL) proliferation. During 5 days of PL incubation with $10{\;}\mu\textrm{g}/ml$ Con A with or without PE, 3H-thymidine uptake was measured for the last 24 hrs. Compared to uninduced control, PL proliferated by 7.3-fold with Con A induction_ When PE of infected mice was added, PL proliferation was inhibited by $74.0{\;}{\pm}{\;}11.9%$ whereas inhibition by PE of normal mice was $16.4{\;}{\pm}8.3%$. Inhibitory effect of PE increased exponentially from 3 days up to 4-5 days of survival after the infection. Inhibitory activity of PE was decreased concentration-dependently. Also the inhibition was diminished when the PE was treated with heat of $95^{\circ}C$ for 10 min orprecipitated with 10% trichloroacetic acid (TCA). In SDS-PAGE of PE, many minor bands appeared newly. Heat-labile protein molecule in PE exerted inhibitory activity to Con A- induced Iymphocyte proliferation.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• v.40 no.3
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• pp.119-129
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• 2002

Although there are many reports on the splenic (systemic) T cell response after Toxoptasma gondii infection, little information is available regarding the local T cell responses of peritoneal exudate cells (PEC) and gut intraepithelial Iymphocytes (IEL) following peroral infection with bradyzoites. Mice were infected with 40 cysts of the 76K strain of T. gondii, and then sacrificed at days 0, 1, 4, 7 and 10 postinfection (PI). The cellular composition and T cell responses of PEC and IEL were analyzed. The total number of PEC and IEL per mouse increased after infection, but the ratio of increase was higher in IEL. Lymphocytes were the major component of both PEC and IEL. The relative percentages of PEC macrophages and neutrophils/eosinophils increased signiflcantly at day 1 and 4 PI, whereas those of IEL did not change significantly. The percentage of PEC NK1.1 and ${\gamma\delta}T$ cells peaked at day 4 PI (p < 0.0001), and CD4 and $CD8{\alpha}T$ cells increased continuously after infection. The percentages of IEL $CD8{\alpha}$ and ${\gamma\delta}T$ cells decreased slightly at first, and then increased. CD4 and NK1.1 T cells of IEL did not change significantly after infection. $IFN-{\gamma}-producing$ PEC NK1.1 T cells increased significantly from day 1 PI, but the other T cell subsets produced $IFN-{\gamma}$ abundantly thereafter. The proportion of IEL $IFN-{\gamma}-producing$ $CD8{\alpha}$ and ${\gamma\delta}T$ cells increased significantly after infection, while IEL NK1.1 T cells had similar $IFN-{\gamma}$ production patterns. Taken together, CD4 T cells were the major phenotype and the important $IFN-{\gamma}$ producing T cell subsets in PEC after oral infection with T. gondii whereas $CD8{\alpha}T$ cells had these roles in IEL. These results suggest that PEC and IEL comprise different cell differentials and T cell responses, and according to infection route these factors may contribute to the different cellular immune responses.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.70-81
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• 1987

To elucidate action mechanism of lyophyllan A, an antitumor polysaccharide of Lyophyllum decastes, its immunological activities were examined. Lyophyllan A increased significantly the weights of spleen and liver of mice. Lyophyllan A also restored the decreased thymic weight in tumor-bearing mice. It did not show any direct cytotoxicity against tumor cells, but showed immunopotentiating activities by increasing the number of the plaques in hemolytic plaque assays. Lyophyllan A increased the number of peritoneal exudate cells (PEC) and inhibited the growth of sarcoma 180 mixed with PEC. Moreover the macrophages from lyophyllan A-treated mice exhibited a strong cytotoxic activity towards L5178Y target cells.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.68-72
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• 1991

The polysaccharide fraction from Taraxii Herba showed potent immunopotentiating activities with antitumor activities. The fraction having small amount of protein inhibited the growth of solid tumor and increased peritoneal exudate cells and immunoorgan weights in normal mice, and also increased hypersensitivities in tumor bearing mice.