• Title/Summary/Keyword: perceived ability

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Elementary School Students' Perceptions on Free Science Inquiry Activities Applying a Brain-Based Evolutionary Approach (뇌기반 진화적 접근법에 따른 과학 자유탐구에 대한 초등학교 학생의 인식)

  • Baek, Ja-Yeon;Lim, Chae-Seong;Kim, Jae-Young
    • Journal of Korean Elementary Science Education
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    • v.34 no.1
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    • pp.109-122
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    • 2015
  • In National Curriculum of Science revised in 2007, free inquiry was newly introduced to increase student's interest in science and to foster creativity by having students make their own curiosity questions and find answers by themselves. The purpose of this study is to analyze elementary school students' perceptions on free science inquiry activities applying a brain-based evolutionary approach. For this study, 106 the fifth grade students participated, and then completed a questionnaire on free inquiry activities according to a brain-based evolutionary science teaching and learning principles. The students performed a series of steps of the Diversifying, Estimating-Evaluating-Executing, and Furthering activities in each of Affective, Behavioral, and Cognitive domains (ABC-DEF approach) and constructed their own free inquiry diary, then the observations by the researcher and interviews with the students were analyzed both quantitatively and qualitatively. The major results of the study were as follows: First, the majority of the students perceived the each domain and step positively although a few of them perceived negatively. The reasons perceived as negatively were categorized into two; preference dimension of like or dislike and ability dimension of metacognitive or self-reflective capacity. Also, they perceived the free inquiry experience in the form of ABC-DEF as helpful to understand the nature of scientists' scientific activities. Based on these findings, implications for supporting authentic inquiry in school science are discussed.

Analyzing the Effectiveness of Discussion Learning using the Technology Acceptance Model on Social Networking Service (기술수용모형을 이용한 소셜 네트워킹 기반 토의 학습의 효과 분석)

  • Kim, Soo-Hwan;Han, Seon-Kwan
    • Journal of The Korean Association of Information Education
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    • v.15 no.4
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    • pp.571-578
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    • 2011
  • In this study, we suggested a strategy about a discussion class using Twitter, and experimented it inside an elementary school classroom. Elementary students participated in a panel discussion and the others discussed as audience using Twitter. After the discussion, we investigated the effectiveness of our strategy using the Technology Acceptance Model and verified students' satisfaction and ability to collaborate through giving them a questionnaire. As a result, the perceived ease of use positively effected the perceived usefulness and the perceived usefulness influenced the attitude and the attitude affect on intention to use. Also, students were satisfied with the discussion class on Twitter and had a positive perception about collaboration with it. As a result of regression, perception of collaboration among the students influenced the perceived usefulness positively. The results in this study show the effectiveness of using the discussion class strategy on Twitter.

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The Stress Types, Coping Styles, and Relationship Quality with Mothers-in-Law Perceived by Sons-in-Law (장모-사위 관계에서 사위가 지각하는 스트레스, 대처방법과 관계의 질)

  • Oh, Hae-Jung;Park, Kyung-Rhan
    • Korean Journal of Human Ecology
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    • v.20 no.6
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    • pp.1093-1107
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    • 2011
  • The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of stress types and coping styles on the relationship quality with mothers-in-law perceived by sons-in-law. The data was collected from 300 sons-in-law aged 20~49 by using a survey questionnaire. The main results of this study were as follows: first, factor analysis yielded 4 types of coping(cognitive understanding coping, avoidant coping, direct behavior coping, and indirect behavior coping) and 7 types of stress(despising poor ability and condition, interference in daily life, son-in-law discrimination, wife discrimination, uncomfortable interaction, differences in lifestyle, and excessive demand). Second, the total stress perceived by sons-in-law in the relationship with their mothers-in-law was affected by avoidant coping and cognitive understanding coping. Finally, the relationship quality between mothers-in-law and sons-in-law was influenced by avoidant coping, uncomfortable interaction stress, direct behavior coping, differences in lifestyle stress, son-in-law discrimination stress, interference in daily life stress, frequency of meeting, cognitive understanding coping, indirect behavior coping, and age. Consequently, it was confirmed that sons-in-law's coping styles with stress from their mothers-in-law was more influential than the amount of stress perceived by sons-in-law on the relationship quality with their mothers-in-law. Especially, 'avoidant coping' among 4 styles of coping and 'uncomfortable interaction stress' among 7 types of stress influenced the relationship quality between mothers-in-law and sons-in-law the most.

A Study on Relationship Among Strategic Leadership, Resistance and Perceived Performance After M&A -Focused on IT Companies- (M&A이후 전략적리더십과 변화저항, 성과인식과의 관계에 관한 연구 -IT기업을 중심으로-)

  • Kim, Sung-Gun
    • Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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    • v.18 no.10
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    • pp.183-192
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    • 2013
  • This paper examines the impact of the strategic leadership of CEOs after M&A on resistance to change and on perceived performance. Most M&A research has focused on the strategic, financial and economic aspects, while studies on leadership and employee behavior have been limited. CEO leadership is critical to a successful M&A. Recently, strategic leadership has been attracting more attention. Strategic leadership can be defined as a person's ability to anticipate, envision, maintain flexibility, think strategically and to work with others to initiate changes that will create a viable future for an organization. It can also reduce resistance and improve perceived performance. So this paper used empirical studies from the IT industry after M&A.

The extended Theory of Planned Behavior in explaining exclusive breastfeeding intention and behavior among women in Kelantan, Malaysia

  • Tengku Ismail, Tengku Alina;Wan Muda, Wan Abdul Manan;Bakar, Mohd Isa
    • Nutrition Research and Practice
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    • v.10 no.1
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    • pp.49-55
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    • 2016
  • BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study is to utilize an extended Theory of Planned Behavior in identifying predictors of exclusive breastfeeding intention and behavior among women in Kelantan, Malaysia. SUBJECTS/METHODS: A prospective cohort study was conducted, recruiting pregnant womenthrough two-stage cluster sampling. Their exclusive breastfeeding intention, attitude, perceived norm, perceived behavioral control and past behavior were obtained at baseline through interviewer-guided questionnaire. At one month after delivery, another interview was conducted to determine the two additional variables in the extended theory, which were their postpartum support and breastfeeding difficulty. The behavior, which was the actual duration of exclusive breastfeeding, was obtained from the second follow-up at six months. Pearson correlation and two hierarchical regression analyses were conducted. RESULTS: A total of 200 women completed the study follow-up. Their median intended exclusive breastfeeding duration was 4.0 (IQR 5) months, and the median actual duration was 1.0 (IQR 4) month. The Theory of Planned Behavior explained 51.0% of the variance in intention, with perceived behavioral control and attitude were the significant predictors. It also explained 10.0% of the variance in behavior, but the addition of postpartum support and breastfeeding difficulty increased the amount of explained variance in behavior by 6.0%. The significant predictors of exclusive breastfeeding behavior were intention, postpartum support and breastfeeding difficulty. CONCLUSION: The extended Theory of Planned Behaviorhad a good predictive ability in explaining exclusive breastfeedingintention and behavior. The women's intention to practice exclusive breastfeeding may be improved by improving their perceived behavioral control and attitude. Providing correct postpartum support and skills to handle breastfeeding difficulties after delivery will improve their exclusive breastfeeding behavior.

The Effect of Corporate Association on the Perceived Risk of the Product (소비자의 제품 지각 위험에 대한 기업연상과 효과: 지식과 관여의 조절적 역활을 중심으로)

  • Cho, Hyun-Chul;Kang, Suk-Hou;Kim, Jin-Yong
    • Journal of Global Scholars of Marketing Science
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    • v.18 no.4
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    • pp.1-32
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    • 2008
  • Brown and Dacin (1997) have investigated the relationship between corporate associations and product evaluations. Their study focused on the effects of associations with a company's corporate ability (CA) and its corporate social responsibility (CSR) on consumers' product evaluations. Their study has found that both of CA and CSR influenced product evaluation but CA association has a stronger effect than CSR associations. Brown and Dacin (1997) have, however, claimed that there are few researches on how corporate association impacts product responses. Accordingly, some of researchers have found the variables to moderate or to mediate the relationship between the corporate association and the product responses. In particular, there has been existed a few of studies that tested the influence of the reputation on the product-relevant perceived risk, but the effects of two types of the corporate association on the product-relevant perceived risk were not identified so far. The primary goal of this article is to identify and empirically examine some variables to moderate the effects of CA association and CSR association on the perceived risk of the product. In this articles, we take the concept of the corporate associations that Brown and Dacin (1997) had proposed. CA association is those association related to the company's expertise in producing and delivering its outputs and CSR association reflected the organization's status and activities with respect to its perceived societal obligations. Also, this study defines the risk, which is the uncertainty or loss of the product and corporate that consumers have taken in a particular purchase decision or after having purchased. The risk is classified into product-relevant performance risk and financial risk. Performance risk is the possibility or the consequence of a product not functioning at some expected level and financial risk is the monetary loss one perceives to be incurring if a product does not function at some expected level. In relation to consumer's knowledge, expert consumers have much of the experiences or knowledge of the product in consumer position and novice consumers does not. The model tested in this article are shown in Figure 1. The model indicates that both of CA association and CSR association influence on performance risk and financial risk. In addition, the effects of CA and CSR are moderated by product category knowledge (product knowledge) and product category involvement (product involvement). In this study, the relationships between the corporate association and product-relevant perceived risk are hypothesized as the following form. For example, Hypothesis 1a($H_{1a}$) is represented that CA association has a positive influence on the performance risk of consumer. Also, the hypotheses that identified some variables to moderate the effects of two types of corporate association on the perceived risk of the product are laid down. One of the hypotheses of the interaction effect is Hypothesis 3a($H_{3a}$), it is described that consumer's knowledges of the product moderates the negative relationship between CA association and product-relevant performance risk. A field experiment was conducted in order to examine our model. The company tested was not real but imagined to meet the internal validity. Water purifiers were used for our study. Four scenarios have been developed and described as the imaginary company: Type A with both of superior CA and CSR, Type B with superior CSR and inferior CA, Type C with superior CA and inferior CSR, and Type D with both inferior of CA and CSR. The respondents of this study were classified into four groups. One type of four scenarios (Type A, B, C, or D) in its questionnaire was given to the respondent who filled out questions. Data were collected by means of a self-administered questionnaire to the respondents, chosen in convenience. A total of 300 respondents filled out the questionnaire but 207 were used for further analysis. Table 1 indicates that the scales in this study are reliable because the range of coefficients of Cronbach's $\alpha$ are from 0.85 to 0.92. The composite reliability is in the range of 0,85 to 0,92 and average variance extracted is in 0.72-0.98 range that is higher than the base level of 0.6. As shown in Table 2, the values for CFI, NNFI, root-mean-square error approximation (RMSEA), and standardized root-mean-square residual (SRMR) are acceptably close to the standards suggested by Hu and Bentler (1999):.95 for CFI and NNFI,.06 for RMSEA, and.08 for SRMR. We also tested discriminant validity provided by Fornell and Larcker (1981). As shown in Table 2, we found strong evidence for discriminant validity between each possible pair of latent constructs in all samples. Given that these batteries of overall goodness-of-fit indices were accurate and that the model was developed on theoretical bases, and given the high level of consistency across samples, this enables us to proceed the previously defined scales. We used the moderated hierarchical regression analysis to test the influence of the corporate association(CA and CSR associations) on product-relevant perceived risk(performance and financial risks) and to identify the variables moderating the relationship between the corporate association and product-relevant performance risk. In this study, dependent variables are performance and financial risk. CA and CSR associations are described the independent variables. The moderating variables are product category knowledge and product category involvement. The results are, as expected, found that CA association has statistically a significant influence on the perceived risk of the product, but CSR association does not. Product category knowledge and involvement moderate the relationship between the CA association and the perceived risk of the product. However, the effect of CSR association on the perceived risk of the product is not moderated by the consumers' knowledge and involvement. For this result, it is necessary for a corporate to inform its customers CA association more than CSR association so that they could be felt to be the reduction of the perceived risk. The important theoretical contribution of this research is the meanings that two types of corporate association that Brown and Dacin(1997), and Brown(1998) have proposed replicated the difference of the effects on product evaluation. According to Hunter(2001), it was an important affair to accomplish the validity of a particular study and we had to take about ten studies to deduce a strict study. Next, there is the contribution of the this study to find that the effects of corporate association on the perceived risk of the product are varied by the moderator variables. In particular, the moderating effect of knowledge on the relationship between corporate association and product-relevant perceived risk has not been tested in Korea. In the managerial implications of this research, we suggest the necessity to stress the ability that corporate manufactures the product well(CA association) than the accomplishment of corporate's social obligation(CSR association). This study suffers from various limitations that imply future research directions. The moderating effects of product category knowledge and involvement on the relationship between corporate association and perceived risk need to be replicated. Next, future research could explore whether the mediated effects of the perceived risk has the relationship between corporate association and consumer's product purchase. In addition, to ensure the external validity of the study will be needed to use realistic company, not artificial.

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A Study of a Pattern of the Stress Perceived by Stroke Patients through the Rehabilitative Process (뇌졸중 환자의 재활과정에 따른 스트레스 변화 양상)

  • Lee, Jung-Min
    • Journal of East-West Nursing Research
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    • v.1 no.1
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    • pp.82-98
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    • 1997
  • The purpose of this study was to determine pattern of the stress perceived by stroke patients over time. The ultimate goal of the research is to provide data to help nurses to design the plan of nursing care of the stroke patients both in the hospital and at home. A total of 57 admitted stroke patients were collected from one general hospital in Seoul from June, 12 to September, la, 1993. The data were collected for three phases(within one week after leaving the hospital). The tools for this study, three scales were used ; Stress scale developed by the investigator. Constitution classifing scale designed by Kho(1984), and Self-care measuring scale by Kang(1984). Data were analyzed in four steps using statistical analysis. First, demographic data were determined by descriptive statistics. Second. the pattern of stress perceived by stroke patients across three phases was measured using repeated measures ANOVA. Third, stress of stroke patients classified by constitution, paralyzed area. and attack frequency were measured using ANOVA or t-test, and the pattern of stress by group over time was determined using paired t-test in post hoc test. Fourth. Pearson correlation coefficients were calculated to determine the relationship between the stress and self-care activities. The results of this study are ; 1. The pattern of stress across three phases ; There was a decrease of the stress across three phases. In general. psychological stress as the highest among three phases(F=36.92. P=.000). There was a statistically significant difference of the physical stress(F=34.55, p=.000), the psychological stress (F=15.49, p=.0005) and the social stress (F=24.71. p=.000) among three phases. There was a statistically significant difference of the stress between the first phase (on admission) and the second phase(before leaving the hospital) and was a decrease of the stress (t =6.36. p=.000). 2. The pattern of stress of stroke patients classified by constitution across three phases ; Stroke patients classified as So-Eum perceived the highest stress among three groups(Tae-Eum, So-Eum. So-Yang). There was no statistically significant difference of stress according to the constitution of stroke patients among three phases. Hence. stress was not influenced by the constitution of stroke patients, but there was a statistically significant difference of stress over time. 3. The pattern of stress of stroke patients classified by the paralyzed area across three phases ; Right paralyzed stroke patients perceived higher stress than left paralyzed stroke patients. There was, however, no statistically significant difference of stress between two groups except 2nd phase. There was no statistically significant difference of the perception of stress bet ween the right and left paralyzed stroke patients. 4. The pattern of stress of stroke patients classified by the frequency of the relapse of the disease across three phases ; Stress was higher in stroke patients who had the relapse of the disease twice more than the first time. There was, however, no statistically significant difference of stress between two groups. There was no statistically significant difference of stress of stroke patients according to the relapse of the disease among three phases. Hence, stress was no influenced by the relapse of the disease. 5. The relationship between the stress and self-care activities ; There was a negative relationship between the stress and self-care activities each phase(on admission, r= -.1563 ; before leaving the hospital, r= -.4030 ; after leaving the hospital, r= -.5291). Hence, the higher the self-care activities, the lower the stress. This study has three important findings. First finding was that psychological stress perceived by stroke patients was the highest among three phases. The second finding was that factors such as the constitution, the paralyzed area, and the relapse of the disease did not have an influence on the stress perceived by stroke patients across three phases(on admission, before leaving the hospital, after leaving the hospital). There was a statistically significant decrease of the stress perceived by stroke patients across three phases. The third finding was that there was a negative relationship between the self-care ability and stress. In this study, these findings have implications for nursing care for the rehabilitation of stroke patients and suggest the need of nursing intervention to promote the self-care ability and to support the psychological self-esteem of stroke patients.

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A Study of the Client′s Importance Perception on the Factors Affecting the Foodservice Management Contract (위탁급식 업체선정에 영향 미치는 요인에 대한 고객사의 중요도 인식 조사)

  • 김현아;양일선;이보숙;박진영
    • Journal of Nutrition and Health
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    • v.37 no.5
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    • pp.406-414
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    • 2004
  • The purposes of this study were 1) to investigate the importance level on factors affecting the foodservice management contract perceived by the clients in the office building, government and public offices and manufacturing company in Seoul and Kyungi 2) to compare the perceived importance levels of the present contract and future contract 3) to compare the perceived importance levels of the competitive bid with those of the private contract. To collect the data on the perceived importance level on the affecting the foodservice management contract, the questionnaires were developed by the delphi technique and modified by the pilot test. The questionnaires consisted of 4 categories and 19 items on the factors affecting the foodservice management contract and the importance level on the factors were measured by 5-likert scale. From March 12 to April 13 in 2003, the self-administrative questionnaires were mailed to 280 clients. The questionnaires were responded from the 50 clients (respondent rate: 25%). On the factors affecting the present contract and the future contract, among the 4 categories (the appropriateness of foodservice operation plan, the evaluation of the foodservice company, sales ability, the conditions of the cost in the contract), the importance level of the appropriateness of foodservice operation plan was higher than those of the other categories. In the comparison of the perceived importance level between the present contract and the future contract, the importance level of 4 items (sanitation and safety management plan, menu management plan, service management plan, food cost per meal) in the future contract were significantly higher than those in the present contract (p<.01, p<.05, p<.05, p<.01). There were the significant differences between the private contract and competitive bid on the factors affecting the present contract in the 3 items, which were $\ulcorner$renewal plan for interior and environment$\lrcorner$, $\ulcorner$strategic alliance with the contractor$\lrcorner$, $\ulcorner$lobby of the foodservice company$\lrcorner$ (p<.05, p<.05, p<.05). And on the factors affecting the future contract, there were significant differences in the 2 items, which were $\ulcorner$renewal plan for interior and environment$\lrcorner$and $\ulcorner$cost per meal$\lrcorner$in comparing the competitive bid and private contract (p<.05, p<.01). The clients perceived the appropriateness of foodservice operation plan was more important than the other categories in the future foodservice management contract. It was proposed that the foodservice management contract company should focus on the foodservice operation to satisfy the customers and clients in order to get more contract in the future.

Learning Flow and Problem-solving Confidence of Nursing Students Experienced Team-based Nursing Practice Learning: The Mediating Effect of Perceived Interactivity (팀기반 실습 수업을 경험한 간호대학생의 학습몰입과 문제해결 자신감: 인지된 상호작용의 매개효과)

  • Hyunsim Kim;Ju-Young Hong
    • Journal of Industrial Convergence
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    • v.21 no.11
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    • pp.57-65
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    • 2023
  • This study was attempted to verify the mediating effect of perceived interaction in the relationship between learning flow and problem-solving confidence of nursing students who experienced team-based nursing practice learning. The subjects of this study were 148 senior nursing students who experienced team-based nursing practice learning classes. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire. For data analysis, descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation analysis, hierarchical multiple regression analysis, and Sobel test were conducted. The results of the study showed that nursing students' learning flow was 3.58±0.56 points, perceived interaction was 4.06±0.56 points, and problem-solving confidence was 3.67±0.53 points on average. Learning flow of nursing students showed a positive correlation with perceived interaction(r=0.63, p<.001) and problem-solving confidence(r=0.74, p<.001). Perceived interaction showed a partial mediating effect in the relationship between learning flow and problem-solving confidence(z=5.31, p<.001). It may be necessary to develop programs to improve nursing students' learning flow, perceived interaction, and problem-solving confidence, and to improve their clinical practice ability to solve nursing problems in various nursing settings.

Ability of Facial Affect Perception in Patients with Schizophrenia (정신분열병 환자의 안면 표정 인식 능력)

  • Im, Woo-Young;Oh, Seong-Hee;Lee, Seung-Hwan;Park, Young-Min;Bae, Seong-Man
    • Korean Journal of Biological Psychiatry
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    • v.15 no.3
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    • pp.211-218
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    • 2008
  • Objectives : The purpose of this study is to compare the ability of facial affect perception among schizophrenia patients, their first degree relatives, and normal control subjects. Methods : Thirty five patients with schizophrenia, 22 first degree relatives, and 34 normal control subjects were recruited in this study. All three groups were matched for age and education levels. The facial affect identification test(FAIT), and neurocognitive test were applied. In the FAIT, the correct response rate, perceived intensity, and sensitivity for 6 kinds of affects were compared among three groups. Results : We found that correct response rate of sadness and anger were decreased in the schizophrenia patients compared with the normal control group. Also the schizophrenia patients showed reduced sensitivity for all six affects compared with the normal control group. The ability of facial affect perception in first degree relatives of schizophrenia patients was decreased but there were not any significant differences compared with normal control group. Conclusion : This study confirmed significantly reduced ability of facial affect perception in schizophrenia patients compared with normal control. Decreased ability of facial affect perception in first degree relatives suggests that affective sensitivity can be influenced by genetic predisposition.

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