• Journal of the Institute of Convergence Signal Processing
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.141-145
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• 2008

When the current flows to parallel lines with different length, it is researched that the radiation is occured by the common-mode current radiates, and the small light weight antenna composed of dual elements by using the principle is proposed. However, there is a problem in production about this antenna because this liner antenna is structured by combining with wires. In this paper, we improved this liner antenna, and designed the plane antenna composed of dual elements with different length in the plane printed board to produce and to design easily. Furthermore, the antenna with the wide-band characteristic is also designed in the same board. The radiation pattern is similar to the dipole antenna on account of designing the triangular patch S, the notch and two tapers in patch S, the notch and two tapers in the antenna element. In result, it was able to design the antenna working wider band-width(the bandwidth ratio about 58%, $VSWR{\le}2$).

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.38 no.2
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• pp.237-247
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• 2018

The basin characteristics reflect the attributes of geomorphological pattern of basin and stream networks affect the rainfall-runoff. In order to analyze the relationship between the basin runoff and stream morphometric characteristics, the morphometric characteristics were investigated for 27 water-level observation stations on 19 rivers in the Han River basin using Arc-map. The morphometric characteristics were divided into linear, areal and relief aspects for calculation while the annual mean runoff ratio as a basin response by rainfall was estimated using the measured precipitation and discharge to analyze the rainfall-runoff characteristics. The correlation among the morphometric parameters were schematized to analyze the correlations among them. The multiple regression equation for rainfall-runoff ratio was provided with morphometric parameters of stream length ratio, form factor ratio, shape factor, stream area ratio, and relief ratio and the coefficient of determination was 0.691. The RMSE and MAPE between the measured and the estimated annual runoff rates were found as 0.09, 11.61% respectively, the suggested regression equation showed good estimation.

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.15 no.5
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• pp.656-669
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• 2010

Rapid shift to western dietary patterns and social drive of thinness would lead to increase the likelihood of developing eating disorders. This study was performed to analyze the associated factors between dietary pattern and self visualization in terms of body shape, which may increase the risk of disturbed eating attitudes among high school students in Korea. A cross-sectional study was conducted from 2009 to 2010 for high school students including both male and female students, from 6 schools in Gyunggi Province, Korea. A total of 766 students self-reported a questionnaire, including weight control practice, perceptions of self body image and ideal body image, dietary habit, and EAT-26 (Eating Attitude Test-26). Logistic regression analysis was used to fine the factors potentially associated with disturbed eating attitudes. Statistical analysis was conducted using SAS program (version 9.1). Results showed that disturbed eating attitudes were found in 8.7% of male high school students, and in 20.8% of female high school students. Experience of body weight control was reported by 56.2% of male students and by 87.3% of female students. According to multiple logistic regression analysis, obesity was independently associated with high risk of disturbed eating attitudes in male students [Odds Ratios (OR) 2.96, 95% Confidence Interval (CI) 0.90-9.71]. Body image dissatisfaction (OR 2.77, 95%CI 1.37-5.62) and extended family type (OR 2.70, 95%CI 1.05-6.90) were independently associated with high risk of disturbed eating attitudes, especially in female students. In conclusion, proper efforts in education for obesity and developing self-esteem to reduce the risks of disturbed eating attitudes should be implemented in high school nutrition program.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.28 no.10
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• pp.1664-1670
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• 2018

Titanium dioxide ($TiO_2$) has wide applications in food, cosmetics, pharmaceuticals and manufacturing due to its many properties such as photocatalytic activity and stability. In this study, the biosynthesis of $TiO_2$ nanoparticles (NPs) was achieved by using Baker's yeast. $TiO_2$ NPs were characterized by X-ray Diffraction (XRD), UV-Visible spectroscopy, Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) and Energy Dispersive X-ray analysis (EDX) studies. The XRD pattern confirmed the formation of pure anatase $TiO_2$ NPs. According to EDX data Ti, O, P and N were the key elements present in the sample. SEM and TEM revealed that the nanoparticles produced were spherical in shape with an average size of $6.7{\pm}2.2nm$. The photocatalytic activity of $TiO_2$ NPs was studied by monitoring the degradation of methylene blue dye when treated with $TiO_2$ NPs. $TiO_2$ NPs were found to be highly photocatalytic comparable to commercially available 21 nm $TiO_2$ NPs. This study is the first report on antimicrobial study of yeast-mediated $TiO_2$ NPs synthesized using $TiCl_3$. Antimicrobial activity of $TiO_2$ NPs was greater against selected Gram-positive bacteria and Candida albicans when compared to Gram-negative bacteria both in the presence or absence of sunlight exposure. $TiO_2$ NPs expressed a significant effect on microbial growth. The results indicate the significant physical properties and the impact of yeast-mediated $TiO_2$ N Ps as a novel antimicrobial.

• Journal of the Korea Fashion and Costume Design Association
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• v.7 no.3
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• pp.167-179
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• 2005

Skirts hold an important position in dress culture among various dress forms, being worn by more than half of mu. In this study, Chima is defined as garment for lower part of the body without crotch sewing, contrasting with trousers. The authors classify and compare the formation of the skirts of minority races in Yunnan area, based on Korean Chima, understanding the forms of skirts and examining the composition, color, pattern and material. For the study, the authors investigated 57 pieces of skirts among 341 pieces of minority races dresses from Yunn Nationality Museum collection exhibited at Korea Folk Village in May 2003, and referred to customs materials and photos in various literatures. Skirts in Yunnan area are divided into 6 areas, that is, seamless one-piece skirt area, wrapskirt area and mixed type skirt area. Skirt formation factors from the effect of environment such as climate, lifestyle and means of production were studied, and characteristics, differences and similarities were reviewed. Figure of skirts are studied by compostion, color, material, and technique. By composition, they can be classified based on the similarity to Hanbok (traditional Korean dress). By color, worshipped color and preferred color vary by races and by area. Materials vary in kinds and thickness by area with various climate. By technique, national characteristic patterns are inherited through national traditional dyeing and embroidery. It is not easy to conclude based on single item of skirt, but we suggest that national dresses have been settled through the mutual supplements between the effect of social and cultural exchange such as historical inheritance, geological environment, religion and production activity and the various forms of skirts from changes in shape, color, material and wearing form of dresses.

• Journal of the Korea Fashion and Costume Design Association
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.53-62
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• 2009

Through the result of the investigation on costumes in Bulgarian regions, the main factors for the formation of Bulgarian folk costume and its kinds and history have been found out so far as follows. Alhtough varying according to the district and climate, Bulgarian folk costumes have some general features determined by the material, the pattern, the application. For women, Bulgarian costume consists of a white shirt, a single or double apron unique depending on each region(Bruchnick), a basic dress called a tunic (Soukman), and an open-tunic typed coat (saya). The main factors for the formation of Bulgarian folk costume have been under the influence of natural and environmental features and historical streams resulting from its geographical location. Bulgaria is agriculture-oriented society based on a continental climate. Accordingly, as for the classification of costumes, body-fit clothes, such as shirts and jackets which developed in Europe and fit the body shape, have featured in Bulgaria. Besides, Bulgaria was under the rule of Turk for a long time at the end of the Middle Age. Having been influenced a lot those days, its folk costume shows Turkish elements now. With geographical features, it was found that the southern area was influenced most by Turkey and Greece, and the types of folk costumes in Europe developed mainly from the northern area. The adaptation of traditional costume forms to the new cultural and progressive principles of appeal nowadays needs knowledge, as well as feeling. Finding the right measure and proportions of using old ethnic elemints in contemporary clothing is the prerequisite of successful design.

• Journal of the Korea Fashion and Costume Design Association
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.61-73
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• 2010

The purpose of this study is to create unique formative beauty with free expressive method and to suggest accessory design with individuality through this, by using hand-knitting technique in design of necklace and bangle, which belong to personal ornament among fashion accessories. It analyzed on theoretical background of knit technique and accessory through documentary research, examined the accessory design tendency and the research tendency through collection materials, and then suggested 9 works in accessory ornament design of using hand-knitting technique, based on this. The results are as follows. First, even in overseas collection, accessories in diverse materials and shapes were being show cased. Volume in necklace or bangle was indicated to be big. There were many cases of covering several items together. Second, the hand-knitting technique in originative accessory design could be confirmed to be possibly used broadly in the range of pattern and shape available for making by using yarn in diverse thicknesses with proper technique, and by transforming basic tissue according to knitting technique. Third, through the results of making ornaments in 7 necklaces and 2 bangles, the hand-knitting technique was confirmed to possibly expanding the application range of knitting technique in the accessory field, and has significance in having suggested individual accessory.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.43 no.3
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• pp.285-293
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• 2010

This study investigated the body image, body stress, eating attitude, and dietary quality in middle school girls. Questionnaires were administered to one hundred fifty seven middle school girls in Seoul area. The subjects were categorized into the five groups according to their body mass index (BMI); 1) severely under-weight (BMI < 16.5 $kg/m^2$), 2) under-weight (16.5 $\leq$ BMI < 18.5 $kg/m^2$), 3) normal weight (18.5 $\leq$ BM I < 23.0 $kg/m^2$), 4) overweight (23.0 $\leq$ BMI < 25.0 $kg/m^2$), and 5) obese (BMI $\geq$ 25 $kg/m^2$). 7.0%, 14.6%, 58.9%, 10.2%, and 10.2% of the subjects were classified as severely under-weight, under-weight, normal weight, overweight and obese groups, respectively. Regardless of the BMI, the subjects had disturbed body image, body stress, and poor eating attitude. The actual BMIs of the normal weight, overweight and obese subjects were significantly different from their desired BMI and perceived BMI, representing these subjects dissatisfied their body shape. Almost all subjects tried to lose their body weight even in the severely under-weight and under-weight groups. There were significant correlations of BMI with body image disturbance (p < 0.05), body stress (p < 0.01) and eating attitude (p < 0.05). These results indicated that middle school girls who have higher BMI seemed to have more body image distortion, body stress and risk of eating disorder. However, any significant difference in dietary quality among the five groups was not observed even though their dietary patterns were not balanced. As a conclusion, it is required that middle school girls should correct their distorted body image and body stress. Also, efforts to improve eating attitude, dietary pattern and nutritional status in the middle school girls are needed.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Biology
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• v.38 no.1
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• pp.16-20
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• 2020

On May 27, 2019, a non-native turtle was discovered at Ilsan Lake Park, Janghang-dong, Ilsandong-gu, Goyang-si, Republic of Korea. The turtle was identified as a western painted turtle (Emydidae: Chrysemys picta bellii) based on the external morphology, plastron color, plastron pattern, stripes on the side of the head, and shape of the carapace. In the lake park, another non-native turtle was observed sunbathing on the same rock. In this paper, we firstly reported the confirmed presence of a western painted turtle in the wild of Korea. Unfortunately, various non-native turtles are continuously reported in Korean ecosystems. Therefore, we highlight that continuous surveying and reporting of the non-native species is important to their management.

• Journal of Sensor Science and Technology
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• v.16 no.5
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• pp.325-330
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• 2007

For the application to optic devices, wafer level package including spacer with particular thickness according to optical design could be required. In these cases, the uniformity of spacer thickness is important for bonding strength and optical performance. Packaging process has to be performed at low temperature in order to prevent damage to devices fabricated before packaging. And if photosensitive material is used as spacer layer, size and shape of pattern and thickness of spacer can be easily controlled. This paper presents polymer bonding using thick, uniform and patterned spacing layer of SU-8 2100 photoresist for wafer level package. SU-8, negative photoresist, can be coated uniformly by spin coater and it is cured at $95^{\circ}C$ and bonded well near the temperature. It can be bonded to silicon well, patterned with high aspect ratio and easy to form thick layer due to its high viscosity. It is also mechanically strong, chemically resistive and thermally stable. But adhesion of SU-8 to glass is poor, and in the case of forming thick layer, SU-8 layer leans from the perpendicular due to imbalance to gravity. To solve leaning problem, the wafer rotating system was introduced. Imbalance to gravity of thick layer was cancelled out through rotating wafer during curing time. And depositing additional layer of gold onto glass could improve adhesion strength of SU-8 to glass. Conclusively, we established the coating condition for forming patterned SU-8 layer with $400{\mu}m$ of thickness and 3.25 % of uniformity through single coating. Also we improved tensile strength from hundreds kPa to maximum 9.43 MPa through depositing gold layer onto glass substrate.