• 식물병연구
• /
• 제17권2호
• /
• pp.161-168
• /
• 2011

Plasmodiophora brassicae Woron.에 의해 발생하는 무 뿌리혹병에 대한 효율적인 저항성 검정법을 확립하기 위하여, GN-1 균주를 사용하여 접종원 농도, 무 생육 시기 및 접종 후 배양 기간 등 발병 조건에 따른 무 뿌리혹병발생을 조사하였다. 종자를 파종하고 10일 동안 재배한 무 유묘에 뿌리혹병균을 포트 당 $1.0{\times}10^9$개의 포자 농도가 되도록 관주하여 접종하였을 때 뿌리혹병이 가장 많이 발생하였다. 그리고 뿌리혹병 발생을 위해서, 접종한 무 유묘는 $20^{\circ}C$ 생육상에서 하루에 12시간 동안 광을 처리하며 3일 동안 배양하고, 그 후 온실($20{\pm}5^{\circ}C$)에서 6주 동안 재배한 후에 발병 정도를 조사하는 것이 효율적이었다. 확립한 무 뿌리혹병 저항성 검정법을 이용하여, 시판 중인 무 품종 46개의 P. brassicae GN-1 균주(저항성 배추 품종을 침입할 수 없는 균주)와 YC-1 균주(15개 저항성 배추 품종에 뿌리혹병을 일으키는 균주)에 대한 저항성 정도를 실험한 결과, 실험한 무 품종 중 35개 품종은 두 균주 모두에 대하여 저항성을, 그리고 1개 품종은 감수성을 나타내었다. 한편, 나머지 10개 품종은 균주에 따라 서로 다른 반응을 나타냈다. 이상의 결과로부터 본 연구에서 확립한 뿌리혹병 저항성 검정법은 뿌리혹병균에 대한 무의 저항성을 조사하기 위한 효율적인 방법임을 알 수 있었다.

• 한국패류학회지
• /
• 제28권4호
• /
• pp.321-328
• /
• 2012

전라남도 완도군 인근연안에서 채집된 소라, Batillus cornutus의 혈구를 광학현미경과 전자현미경을 이용하여 혈구의 종류 및 미세구조적인 특징을 연구하였다. 광학현미경 상에서 소라의 혈구들은 호염기성 세포로 관찰되었다. 혈구의 형태학적인 특징으로 분류를 하였을 때 소라의 혈구는 모두 8종류로 나눌 수 있었다. 미성숙 혈구는 직경 약 4.5-5.5 ${\mu}m$로서 세포질 내에 지름 2-3 ${\mu}m$인 원형의 핵이 대부분을 차지하고 있었다. 과립세포는 직경 약 7 ${\mu}m$로서 세포질에는 전자밀도가 낮고 크기가 다양한 과립들과 미토콘드리아, 글리코겐 과립들이 관찰되었다. 초자세포는 핵의 크기 및 세포질에 존재하는 미세소관의 특징에 따라 6종류로 세분화 할 수 있었다. 초자세포 III은 라이소좀 및 글리코겐 과립의 형성이 미약하여 식세포의 기능 보다는 영양분의 흡수 및 운반 기능을 수행하는 것으로 판단되며, 특히 초자세포 VI은 형태가 불규칙한 아메바형으로 세포질에 글리코겐 과립의 분포가 높고, 이식포와 자식포가 분포하고 있었다. 따라서 이들 혈구들의 정확한 기능을 파악하기 위해서는 효소학적 및 면역학적 연구를 추가적으로 수행해야 할 것으로 판단된다.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
• /
• 제17권3호
• /
• pp.1221-1233
• /
• 2016

Purpose: To investigate any potential association between wine and breast cancer risk. Materials and Methods: We quantitatively assessed associations by conducting a meta-analysis based on evidence from observational studies. In May 2014, we performed electronic searches in PubMed, EmBase and the Cochrane Library to identify studies examining the effect of wine drinking on breast cancer incidence. The relative risk (RR) or odds ratio (OR) were used to measure any such association. Results: The analysis was further stratified by confounding factors that could influence the results. A total of twenty-six studies (eight case-control and eighteen cohort studies) involving 21,149 cases were included in our meta-analysis. Our study demonstrated that wine drinking was associated with breast cancer risk. A 36% increase in breast cancer risk was observed across overall studies based on the highest versus lowest model, with a combined RR of 1.0059 (95%CI 0.97-1.05) in dose-response analysis. However, 5 g/d ethanol from wine seemed to have protective value from our non-linear model. Conclusions: Our findings indicate that wine drinking is associated with breast cancer risk in a dose-dependent manner. High consumption of wine contributes to breast cancer risk with protection exerted by low doses. Further investigations are needed for clarification.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
• /
• 제14권7호
• /
• pp.4223-4228
• /
• 2013

Background: The purpose of this study was to determine the clinical and dosimetric factors associated with acute esophagitis (AE) in lung cancer patients treated with conformal radiotherapy (RT) in Turkey. Materials and Methods: In this retrospective review 104 lung cancer patients were examined. Esophagitis grades were verified weekly during treatment, and at 1 week, and 1 and 2 months afterwards. The clinical parameters included patient age, gender, tumor pathology, number of chemotherapy treatments before RT, concurrent chemotherapy, radiation dose, tumor response to RT, tumor localization, interruption of RT, weight loss, tumor and nodal stage and tumor volume. The following dosimetric parameters were analyzed for correlation of AE: The maximum ($D_{max}$) and mean ($D_{mean}$) doses delivered to the esophagus, the percentage of esophagus volume receiving ${\geq}10$ Gy ($V_{10}$), ${\geq}20$ Gy ($V_{20}$), ${\geq}30$ Gy ($V_{30}$), ${\geq}35$ Gy ($V_{35}$), ${\geq}40$ Gy ($V_{40}$), ${\geq}45$ Gy ($V_{45}$), ${\geq}50$ Gy ($V_{50}$) and ${\geq}60$ Gy ($V_{60}$). Results: Fifty-five patients (52.9%) developed AE. Maximum grades of AE were recorded: Grade 1 in 51 patients (49%), and Grade 2 in 4 patients (3.8%). Clinical factors had no statistically significant influence on the incidence of AE. In terms of dosimetric findings, correlation analyses demonstrated a significant association between AE and $D_{max}$ (>5117 cGy), $D_{mean}$ (>1487 cGy) and $V_{10-60}$ (percentage of volume receiving >10 to 60 Gy). The most significant relationship between RT and esophagitis were in $D_{max}$ (>5117 cGy) (p=0.002) and percentage of esophageal volume receiving >30 Gy ($V_{30}$ >31%) (p=0.008) in the logistic regression analysis. Conclusions: The maximum dose esophagus greater than 5117 cGy and approximately one third (31%) of the esophageal volume receiving >30 Gy was the most statistically significant predictive factor associated with esophagitis due to RT.

• 대한화학회지
• /
• 제51권1호
• /
• pp.36-42
• /
• 2007

B형 간염 바이러스(Hepatitis B Virus, HBV)는 만성감염, 간암의 원인이 되는 등 가장 큰 공중보건문제 중의 하나이다. 그리하여 감염 초기에 바이러스의 DNA 농도를 측정하여 관찰 하는 것이 중요하다. 본 연구에서는 기존의 Real Time-PCR과 새로운 방법인 Micro-PCR를 이용하여 HBV를 검출하였다. 단국대학교 병원에서 HBV 감염 환자의 혈청 샘플 120개를 얻은 후 분석하였고 각각 장비에서의 검출한계와 재현성, 민감성, 특이성, 분석시간을 비교해 보았다. 그 결과 Micro-PCR과 Real-Time PCR은 높은 검출한계와 재현성, 민감성, 특이성을 가지고 있었다. 그러나 Micro-PCR은 Real-Time PCR보다 빠른 시간 안에 증폭이 가능하며 조작하는데 있어 간편하였고 적은 양의 시약이 소모됨을 알 수 있었다. 그러므로 Micro-PCR은 신뢰성 있고 빠른 임상적 진단이나 각종 검사가 요구되는 곳에서 이용 가치가 높은 장비라 할 수 있겠다.

• 대한두경부종양학회지
• /
• 제18권1호
• /
• pp.30-35
• /
• 2002

Objective: To determine the effectiveness and toxicity of chemoradiation therapy in nasopharyngeal carcinoma by comparing with radiation therapy alone. Materials and Methods: Between October 1989 and July 2000, One hundred eleven patients with newly diagnosed and histologically proven nasopharyngeal carcinoma treated in Department of Radiation Oncology, Asan Medical Center were retrospectively reviewed. Forty-five patients were treated with radiation therapy alone (Group I) and 66 patients were treated with radiation therapy and concurrent cisplatin (Group II). Cisplatin was administered once a week, on the first day of each successive week of treatment, starting on day 1 of radiation therapy and given as a intravenous bolus at a dose of $20mg/m^2$ of body-surface area. Radiation therapy was given in doses of 1.8Gy, once a day, 5 days per week with 4MV or 6 MV photons. Initial field was received a total of 60Gy and a primary tumor and enlarged lymph nodes were boosted with an high dose intracavitory brachytherapy and 3D conformal therapy. Results: The complete response rate was 86.7% in Group I, and was 90.9% in Group II. The 5 year overall survival rate for Group I was 60% and for Group II was 45% (p=0.2520). The 5 year disease free survival rate was 52% versus 45%, respectively (p=0.7507). The median follow up was 44 months versus 34 months, respectively. Conclusion: Analysis of the III patients showed no significant difference in disease free survival and overall survival in two treatment group. This retrospective analysis did not demonstrate benefit with concurrent chemoradiation using cisplatin at a dose of $20mg/m^2$ of body-surface area in treatment result than radiation alone.

• 식물병연구
• /
• 제12권3호
• /
• pp.205-212
• /
• 2006

2002년에서 2005년 동안 경북김천, 천안, 경기지역의 포도재배지로부터 채집한 300여점의 포도 혹병반으로부터 A. vitis의 PCR 특이검출 Phe A primer를 이용하여 포도혹병균의 대량분리를 실시하여 0.25kb의 PCR 특이밴드가 증폭된 51균주가 포도 혹병균으로 선발되었다. 이 균주들을 Ti-Plasmid 유래의 Vir A primer로 적용한 결과 40균주에서 0.5kb의 특이밴드가 검출되었다. 거봉포도와 당근절편에서 다양한 양상의 병원성을 보였으며 25균주가 거봉포도에 강한 병원성을 나타내었으며, 다른 균주는 약하거나 비 병원성을 보였다. 본 연구에서 분리한 10개 균주를 대상으로한 세균의 이화학적 특성은 균주간에 약간은 달랐으나, 3-Ketolactose의 비생성, 2%NaC 첨가 배지에서의 성장, Melezitose로부터의 산을 생성하지 못하는 등 비교균주와 대체적으로 일치하는 경향을 보였다. 따라서, PheA and Vir A primer를 이용하여 Agrobacterium vitis 균주를 대량 분리할 수 있으며 신속, 정확하게 동정할 수 있을 것으로 생각되었다.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
• /
• 제56권2호
• /
• pp.216-220
• /
• 2004

폐전이에서 공동성 폐병변이 관찰되는 경우가 흔하지 않으며, 다른 양성 폐병변과 감별이 필요하다. 저자들은 다발성 공동성 폐병변을 주소로 내원한 환자에서 굴곡성 기관지내시경 검사를 통한 조직검사상 전이성 폐암을 진단하였고 원발성 병변인 담관암을 진단하여 전신적인 항암약물을 시행한 경험이 있어 이에 보고하는 바이다.

• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
• /
• 제19권10호
• /
• pp.40.1-40.14
• /
• 2016

Background: Due to the paucity of oceanic resources utilized in the preparation of diets for cultured fish, commercial feed producers have been trying to replace fishmeal (FM) using alternative protein sources such as vegetable protein meals (VMs). One of the main drawbacks of using VMs in fish feed is related to the presence of a variety of anti-nutritional factors, which could trigger an inflammation process in the distal intestine. This reduces the capacity of the enterocytes to absorb nutrients leading to reduced fish growth performances. Methods: We evaluated the mitigating effects of butyrate and taurine used as feed additives on the morphological abnormalities caused by a soybean meal (SBM)-based diet in the distal intestine of sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax). We used three experimental diets, containing the same low percentage of FM and high percentage of SBM; two diets were supplemented with either 0.2% sodium butyrate or taurine. Histological changes in the intestine of fish were determined by light and transmission electron microscopy. Infiltration of $CD45^+$ leucocytes in the lamina propria and in the submucosa was assessed by immunohistochemistry. We also quantified by One-Step Taqman$^{(R)}$ real-time RT-PCR the messenger RNA (mRNA) abundance of a panel of genes involved in the intestinal mucosa inflammatory response such as $TNF{\alpha}$ (tumor necrosis factor alpha) and interleukins: IL-8, IL-$1{\beta}$, IL-10, and IL-6. Results: Fish that received for 2 months the diet with 30% soy protein (16.7% SBM and 12.8% full-fat soy) developed an inflammation in the distal intestine, as confirmed by histological and immunohistochemistry data. The expression of target genes in the intestine was deeply influenced by the type of fish diet. Fish fed with taurine-supplemented diet displayed the lowest number of mRNA copies of IL-$1{\beta}$, IL-8, and IL-10 genes in comparison to fish fed with control or butyrate-supplemented diets. Dietary butyrate caused an upregulation of the $TNF{\alpha}$ gene transcription. Among the quantified interleukins, IL-6 was the only one to be not influenced by the diet. Conclusions: Histological and gene expression data suggest that butyrate and taurine could have a role in normalizing the intestinal abnormalities caused by the SBM, but the underling mechanisms of action seem different.

• 대한본초학회지
• /
• 제21권3호
• /
• pp.103-109
• /
• 2006

Objectives : The purpose of this study was to investigate the TLR-4 mediated anti-inflammatory effects of extract from Xanthii Fructus(XF) on the peritoneal macrophage. Methods : To evaluate of TLR-4 mediated inflammatory of XF, we examined NO and cytokine production in TRL-4 ligand(LPS-lipopolysacchride) induced macrophages. Furthermore, we checked molecular mechanism using western blot. Results : l.Extract from XF reduced LPS-induced Nitric oxide (NO), tumor necrosis factor-a (TNF-a), interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-12 production in peritoneal macrophages 2.Extract from XF itself does not have any cytotoxic effect.XS inhibited degradation of IkBa in the TLR-4 mediated peritoneal macrophages Conclusion : XF down-regulated TLR4 ligand(LPS)-induced NO and cytokine productions.