• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.343-349
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• 2015

This paper aims to propose the typology suitable for games by analyzing the fashion styles of game characters and define the characteristics by type. The data collected was classified into the style groups with similarities, and the game character styles were named using representative terms. Then, five styles were identified and analyzed with the focus on clothing, hairstyle, and accessories: Creative Style, Attractive Style, Grotesque Style, Usual Style, and Suit Style. Creative Style was the unique style with partial addition or removal as the creative design. Attractive Style expressed the sexual attraction by design with significant exposure of body parts and skintight design. Grotesque Style showed grotesque, eerie, and dreary design. Usual Style was a plain and practical style. Finally, Suit Style was a kind of armor covering the whole body. The analysis results in this paper will bridge the difference of opinions between gamers and developers related to fashion style and, finally, help to enhance the competitiveness of game design.

• Journal of the Society of Naval Architects of Korea
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.80-86
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• 1994

A numerical method for simulations of inviscid incompressible flow fields around a ship advancing on the free surface is developed. A body fitted coordinate system, generated by numerically solving elliptic type partial differential equations is used to conform the ship and free surface configurations. Three dimensional Euler equations transformed to the non-staggered body fitted coordinate system are discretised by finite difference method. Time and spatial derivatives are discretised by forward and centered differencings, respectively, and artificial dissipations are added to discretised convection terms for improvements of numerical stability. At each time steps, free surface elevations are recomputed to satisfy nonlinear free surface conditions. Poisson equations for pressure field are solved iteratively and the velocity field for next time step is extrapolated. To verify the developed numerical method, flow fields around a Wigley model are simulated(Fn=0.250-0.408) and compared with experimental data to show good agreements.

• Korean Journal of Poultry Science
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• v.40 no.1
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• pp.41-47
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• 2013

This work was carried out to investigate performance and carcass yield of large-type broiler females at different stocking densities. Chicks (n = 492; 1-day-old; female; Arbor Acre broiler) were reared for six weeks (starter, 0~1 wk; earlier, 1~3 wk; finisher, 3~6 wk) and randomly divided into 3 treatments (4 replications/treatment, 36, 41 or 46 birds/replication). Treatments were T1 (10.9 birds/$m^2$), T2 (12.4 birds/$m^2$) and T3 (13.9 birds/$m^2$) by the stocking densities. Research indexes were livability, body weight, body weight gain, feed intake, feed conversion ratio, production efficiency factor, carcass yield and primal cuts ratio (wing, leg, back, breast and neck). Livability (%) was 90% or more for all treatments, but there was no significant difference on weekly livability (%). Body weight of T3 treatment were the lowest at 3 wk and body weight gain, feed intake, and feed conversion ratio were the lowest at 2~3 wk (P<0.05). Production efficiency factors of T1, T2 and T3 were 331.0, 340.8 and 336.0, respectively, and there was no significant difference among treatments. Leg meat ratio of T2 treatment was higher compared to other treatments at the age of 4 wk (P<0.05). Carcass yield of T1 treatment was the highest as 76.2% at the age of 5 wk (P<0.05). However, there was no significant difference on carcass ratio and partial meat ratio among treatments at the age of 6 wk. This result may provide the standard data of different stocking densities for heavy female broilers.

• CELLMED
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.6.1-6.6
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• 2016

Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome (PCOS) has now become more common in occurrence in women of reproductive age, particularly in urban and semi-urban population in India. So there is a need to investigate this phenomenon taking into consideration various aspects including possible treatment method to ameliorate/eradicate this syndrome, which has far reaching socio-economic impact and consequences, in view of infertility and irregular menstrual cycles frequently associated with this syndrome. Homeopathy is a branch of traditional alternative medicine which is gaining popularity in India and some other developing countries, as also in some of the developed countries in Europe. With this background scenario, we have made an attempt to treat cases of confirmed PCOS and tried to compare the relative efficacy of two potentized homeopathic drugs, namely, Lycopodium clavatum (Lyco) and Calcarea carbonica (Calc), most frequently used by homeopathic practitioners, selecting different potencies of the drugs, depending on condition/guiding symptom(s) of the patients. While the main focus was pointed on total/partial removal of cysts, data pertaining to different PCOS associated symptoms were also compared for the sake of learning if the two drugs had differential effects on these symptoms also. The study parameters in this investigation included: regularity/irregularity of menstrual cycle, presence/absence of acne, hirsutism, male type alopecia, acanthosis nigricans, body/mass index (BMI) and waist-hip ratio. Overall results provided clear evidences that both these homeopathic drugs had great ameliorating effects on PCOS, although each drug had a little different effect in respect of the individual parameters of this study.

• Korean Journal of Poultry Science
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• v.39 no.4
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• pp.305-310
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• 2012

This work was carried out to investigate performance and carcass yield of large-type broilers at different stocking densities. Treatments were T1 (9.1 birds/$m^2$), T2 (10.3 birds/$m^2$) and T3 (11.5 birds/$m^2$) by the stocking density. Four hundred eight 1-day-old Arbor Acre broiler chicks were used for six weeks (starter, 0~1 wks; earlier, 1~3 wks; finisher, 3~6 wks) and divided into 3 treatments (4 replications/treatment, 30, 34 or 38 birds/replication). Research indexes were rearing viability ratio, body weight, body weight gain, feed intake, feed conversion ratio, production efficiency factor and carcass ratio. Rearing viability ratio (%) was 89% or more for all treatments and there was no significant difference on weekly rearing viability ratio (%). Body weight of T2 was the greatest and that of T3 was the lowest at 1 weeks old (P<0.05). Body weight gain of T2 was the greatest and that of T3 was the lowest at 0~1 weeks old (P<0.05). However, body weight gain of T3 was the greatest and that of T1 was the lowest at 1~2 weeks old (P<0.05). Body weight gain of T2 was the greatest as 3,031 g among treatments at 0~6 weeks old (P<0.05). Feed intakes of T1, T2 and T3 were 1,417 g, 1,265 g and 1,355 g, respectively, and that of T1 was the greatest among treatments (P<0.05). There was no significant difference on body weight, body weight gain and feed intake. Feed conversion ratio of T1 was the greatest among treatments at 1~2 wks, 3~4 wks and 0~6 wks old (P<0.05). Production efficiency factors of T1, T2 and T3 were 363.5, 388.3 and 358.3, respectively, and there was no significant difference among treatments. Wing meat ratio of T1 was the higher compared to other treatments at the age of 4 wk (P<0.05). There was no significant difference on carcass ratio and partial meat ratio among treatments. Neck meat ratio of T2 was the lowest among treatments (P<0.05). This result may provide the standard data of different stocking densities for large-type broiler and the further research is needed.

• Journal of Society of Preventive Korean Medicine
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.107-127
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• 2018

Objectives : The present study investigated the anti-obese and blood flow improvement activities of aqueous extracts of ginseng berry (GBe) on the mild diabetic obese mice as compared with metformin. Methods : After end of 56 days of continuous oral administrations of GBe 150, 100 and 50 mg/kg, or metformin 250 mg/kg, anti-obese and blood flow improvement effects - the changes of body weights, body and abdominal fat density by in live dual-energy x-ray absorptionmetry (DEXA), tail bleeding time, prothrombin time (PT), activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT), serum total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), low density lipoprotein (LDL) and high density lipoprotein (HDL) levels, aorta and serum cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP), nitric oxide (NO) and endothelin (ET)-1 levels, aorta phosphorylated PI3K (pPI3K), phosphorylated Akt (pAkt) and phosphorylated p38 MAPK (pp38 MAPK) levels were systemically analyzed. In addition, aorta vascular dilation and constriction related gene mRNA expressions - PI3K, Akt, eNOS, p38 MAPK and ET-1 were also analyzed by realtime RT-PCR. Results : The obesity and related blood flow impairment, induced by 84 days of continuous HFD supply, were significantly inhibited by 56 days of continuous oral treatment of GBe 150, 100 and 50mg/kg, dose-dependently, and they also dramatically normalized the changes of the aorta vascular dilation and constriction related gene mRNA expressions, also dose-dependently. Especially, GBe 150 mg/kg constantly showed favorable inhibitory activities against type II diabetes related obesity and vascular disorders through PI3K/Akt pathway and p38 MAPK mediated cGMP, NO and ET-1 expression modulatory activities, as comparable to those of metformin 250 mg/kg in HFD mice. Conclusion : By assessing the key parameters for anti-obese and blood flow improvement activities on the HFD-induced mild diabetic obese mice, the present work demonstrated that GBe 150, 100 and 50 mg/kg showed favorable anti-obese and blood flow improvement effects in HFD-induced type II diabetic mice, through PI3K/Akt pathway and p38 MAPK mediated cGMP, NO and ET-1 expression modulatory activities.

• Development and Reproduction
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.195-203
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• 2007

Sex determination and sex differentiation are influenced by genotype in many gonochoristic fish. Cytochrome P450 aromatase (CYP19) is the terminal enzyme in steridogenic pathway that converts androgens into estrogens. In this study, partial fragments of aromatase genes (ovarian aromatase, P450aromA and brain aromatase, P450aromB) were cloned and sequenced in Korean rockfish (Sebastes schlegeli), and gene specific primers were designed based on their sequences. Using these primers, aromatase gene expression during sex differentiation was investigated by RT-PCR. Expression of these aromatase genes were detected both in the head and body parts at 35 dab (days after birth). The number of fish that expressed the aromatase genes decreased at 52 dab, implying down-regulation of these genes. However, these genes were expressed at 59 dab in almost all fish studied here. The expression patterns of both genes are similar throughout the investigated period except for 45 dab where the expression of P450aromB was detected in more fish than that of P450aromA both in the head and body parts. Timing of sex differentiation in this species has been shown to be at around $50{\sim}65$ dab by histological analysis. However, the results from this study suggest that sex differentiation of rockfish may take place $1{\sim}2$ weeks earlier than the period proposed previously. The results also suggest that the mechanism of sex differentiation in viviparous fish may be similar to that in oviparous fish in terms of the importance of aromatase action during the critical period.

• Journal of Dental Rehabilitation and Applied Science
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• v.39 no.1
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• pp.9-20
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• 2023

Purpose: We investigated the effect of open tray impression using pick-up impression coping and close tray impression using transfer impression coping on the accuracy of impression in edentulous patients on their mandibular parts. the effect of material types of pick-up type impression copings for splinting in open tray impression on the accuracy of impression was also evaluated. Materials and Methods: Two implant fixtures were implanted in parallel in the left molar of the mandibular in the shape of a mandibular partial edentulous model. The 40 individual trays were fabricated using 3D printer. The prepared individual trays were classified into 4 groups (i.e., PN, PG, PH, and TN groups), and a total of 40 impression-takings were conducted. A master cast was connected to a Scan Body. The converted STL file was super-imposed on the scan images of the various groups. Results: The order of standard deviation values decreased as follows: PN (0.2343 ± 0.0844 mm), TN (0.2192 ± 0.0840 mm), indicating that the high accuracy of impression for TN group. In addition, for the comparison results between the material types used in splinting the open tray impression, the PH group showed a relatively lower standard deviation (0.1910 ± 0.1176 mm) than that of the PN group (0.2343 ± 0.0844 mm), PG group (0.2556 ± 0.1082 mm). Conclusion: The acrylic resin synthesized by light-induced polymerization exhibited a higher accuracy of impression taking than that of autopolymerizing acrylic resin. Meanwhile, the accuracy of impression taking was not dependent on the implant impression taking method or the presence of connection/fixation of impression copings.

• Korean Journal of Poultry Science
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• v.38 no.4
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• pp.293-304
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• 2011

The current work was carried out to investigate the effect of crossbred Korean native chickens (KNC) on performance and meat quality. A total of 720 chicks (1d of age) was used in this work and were divided into groups by crossbreds (A, B, C and D) and sex (male and female). Crossbreds were A) (KNC egg-meat type C strains ${\times}$ KNC meat type S strains) ${\times}$ Ross broiler, B) (KNC egg-meat type C strains ${\times}$ KNC meat type H strains) ${\times}$ KNC meat type S strains, C) (KNC native R strains${\times}$KNC meat type S strains)${\times}$KNC meat type H strains and D(White Semibroiler Chickens). Experimental diets consisted of 3 phases such as starter (0~5 weeks; CP 20.0%, ME 3,050 kcal/kg), earlier (5~8 weeks; CP 18.0%, ME 3,100 kcal/kg) and finisher (8~12 weeks; CP 16.0%, ME 3,150 kcal/kg). They were fed the broiler diets for 12 weeks at the flat house and thirty six chickens were slaughtered at week 5 and 10. There was no significant difference on the fertility of crossbred KNCs, and the hatchability of B crossbred was low compared to other crossbreds. On body weight (BW), D crossbred resulted in a higher BW after 5 weeks (P<0.05). Body weight gain (BWG) and feed intake (FI) of A crossbred were also significant higher compared to the other crossbreds for all periods. On carcass ratio (CR), A crossbred showed higher CR at 5 weeks, there was no significant among crossbreds at 10 weeks. The partial meat ratio(ala, breast, neck, leg) of C crossbred was the lowest among other crossbreds (P<0.05), but the back meat ratio was not difference among treatments at 5 and 10 weeks. pH of meats have no difference among crossbreds at 5 week, and A crossbred was high compared to other crossbreds at 10 week (P<0.05). The moisture content of D crossbred meat and the protein content of B crossbred meat were high compared to other crossbreds at 5 week. Chemical compositions of meats have no difference among crossbreds at 10 week. Lightness and redness have not significance among crossbreds at 5 week, and redness of A crossbred was the highest among all crossbreds (P<0.05). Shear force and cooking loss of A crossbred were high at 5 week, and cooking loss of A crossbred was low compared with other crossbreds at 10 week. These results suggested the basic data that needed to develope the new strains.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.214-220
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• 2005

The study was conducted to compare the dry matter intake and digestibility of Atriplex halimus (AH) and Atriplex nummularia (AN) and determine the proper proportion of saltbushes for partial replacement of alfalfa hay in the diets of Awassi sheep. The foliage of AH and AN were hand-plucked, air-dried in shade and then chopped mechanically similar to alfalfa hay. Two trials were conducted separately to determine voluntary feed intake and digestibility of saltbush browse. In the first trial, fifteen 8 month old Awassi lambs were distributed into 3 equal groups, and each animal was housed in individual pen. Each group received one of three dietary treatments: chopped alfalfa hay (H), dried foliage of Atriplex nummularia or foliage of Atriplex halimus. In the second trial, twentyseven 12 months old Awassi male lambs were randomly selected, distributed into nine equal groups, and housed into metabolic crates. Each group of animals received one of nine dietary treatments: alfalfa hay, AN, AH and different proportions (25, 50 and 75%) of AN or AH mixed with alfalfa hay. Forage type had a significant (p<0.001) effect on dry matter intake (DMI) and growth rate of lambs of the voluntary feed intake trial. Lambs receiving the alfalfa hay diet showed high DMI and high growth rate compared to those fed the diets containing saltbush. In the digestibility trial, dietary treatments had significant (p<0.05) effect on DMI, dry matter digestibility (DMD) (p<0.01) and organic matter digestibility (OMD) (p<0.01). The inclusion of AN in the diet up to 50% had no significant effect on DMI and DMD, whereas the inclusion of AH above 25% reduced DMI, DMD and OMD. The treatments had significant (p<0.05) effect on water intake and on live weight changes of lambs. Except for the diet containing 25% of AN browse, all lambs fed diets containing the saltbushes exhibited loss in body weight. The nutritive value of Atriplex nummularia foliage is better than that of A. halimus and it is possible to replace up to 50% of alfalfa hay by A. nummularia without negative effects on intake and digestibility of dry matter.