• Korean Journal of Child Studies
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• v.23 no.6
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• pp.49-63
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• 2002

A total of 227 children and their mothers participated in this study of the relationships between mother's thinking style and parenting self-efficacy and between parenting self-efficacy and children's social competence. Data were gathered with Thinking Style Scale Questionnaire, Parenting Self-efficacy Scale, and Social Competency Scale: Preschool. Correlation and multiple regressions were used for data analyses. A statistically significant correlation between mother's thinking styles and parenting self-efficacy and between mother's parenting self-efficacy and children's social competence emerged. That is, mothers whose thinking styles were legislative, hierarchical, and liberal had more parenting self-efficacy, and children whose mothers felt more confidence in their parenting had a higher degree of social competence.

• Korean Journal of Child Studies
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.169-180
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• 1994

The purpose this study was to examine parenting satisfaction and sence of competence in older mothers. The subjects consisted of 150 mothers who had children from 1 to 36 months of age. "Older" maternal age was defined as a woman at the age of 35 years or more. The results showed that older mothers' motivations for pregnancy was mostly sex preference. There was no difference in parenting satisfaction and sence of competence by motivation for pregnancy. There were significant differences in parenting sence of competence by length of parenting, birth order and sibling spacing. Changes in family relationships brought about by newborn were mostly positive.

• Korean Parent-Child Health Journal
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.29-36
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• 2014

Purpose: Competence in parenting helps the parent to recognize the ability to resolve problems arising to children, allowing positive interactions with children through desirable child-rasing behavior and smooth communication with children. This study aims to identify the contribution of uncertainty and educational needs to the competence in parenting. Methods: Total 159 mothers responded a questionnaire developed to measure uncertainty, educational needs, and competence in parenting. t-test, ANOVA, and stepwise multiple regression with the SPSS program were used to analyze the data. Results: We found that uncertainty, nursing educational need, and mothers' age had influence to the competence in parenting. Conclusion: Nursing interventions provided to the mothers of hospitalized children for better parental competence need to include programs for alleviating uncertainty and satisfying the need for nursing education.

• Korean Journal of Child Studies
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.1-14
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• 2008

This study examined effects of children's emotionality and emotion regulation, and maternal parenting behaviors on children's peer competence. Subjects were 222 4- and 5-year-olds children and their mothers. Classroom teachers rated each child's peer competence and emotion regulation; mothers responded to questionnaires on their child's emotionality and on their own parenting behavior. Results of this study were : (1) children's positive and negative emotionality and emotion regulation influenced children's peer competence. (2) Mother's warm and encouraging behaviors were also associated with children's peer competence. (3) Children's emotion regulation rather than negative emotion and mother's warm and encouraging behaviors predicted peer competence. Child characteristics were stronger predictors than parenting behaviors.

• Korean Journal of Human Ecology
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.521-529
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• 2005

The present study was to find out the differences of fathers' involvement in parenting, role satisfaction, and young children's social competence according to fathers' socio-demographic variables, and the relationships among fathers' involvement in parenting, role satisfaction and young children's social competence. The subjects of the study were 175 five-year-old children and their fathers from public kindergartens in Chongju, Jecheon, and Danyang. Questionnaires used in the study were the measures of father's involvement in parenting(Lee, 1999), role satisfaction(Cho, 1998), and young children's social competence(Han, 1997). Data were analyzed with frequency and percentage, mean and standard deviation, t-test, F-test, LSD post hoc test, and Pearson's correlation coefficient using SPSS program. Results of the study were as follows: First, there were differences in father's involvement in parenting, role satisfaction, and young children's social competence according to father's level of education, job, and income. Second, there were significant positive correlations among father's involvement in parenting, role satisfaction, and young children's social competence.

• Korean Journal of Childcare and Education
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.37-57
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• 2019

Objective: This study aimed to find out whether concern for children mediates the impact of parenting competence on the anger expression of mothers with young children. Methods: Subjects consisted of 219 mothers with children aged 3 to 6 years old attending kindergartens and daycare centers. The motehrs were given 3 rating scales about parenting competence, concerns about their children, and anger expression. The Parental Anger Scales measuring anger expression consisted of sub-factors such as situational anger, impulsive behavior, and difficulty of anger control. Results: Using the data collected, correlation analysis and the regression analysis procedure by Baron & Kenny(1968) were conducted; the significance of the mediating effects was verified by the Sobel test. First, the study found that there were significant positive correlations between mother's parenting competence, concern about children, and anger expression. Second, mothers' concern about their children had partial mediating effects on the relationships between parenting competence and overall anger expression, situational anger and impulsive behavior, and a complete mediating effect on the relationship between parenting competence and difficulty with anger control. Conclusion/Implications: These results were discussed in terms of the approach and content of parent education to help parents with young children control their anger.

• Korean Journal of Childcare and Education
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• v.15 no.5
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• pp.47-68
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• 2019

Objective: The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationships between young children's temperament, emotional regulation ability and mother's parenting sense of competence. Methods: The participants were comprised of 315 young children who attend a kindergarten or day care center and their mothers from Seoul, Inchon, and Gyeonggi-do Province. They completed questionnaires on temperament, emotion regulation ability, and parenting sense of competence. The data were analyzed by frequency analysis, Cronbach's ${\alpha}$, Pearson's correlation coefficients, and multiple regression analysis. Results: It was observed that young children's regularity/adaptability was positively correlated with sense of competence as a parent and young children's emotional regulation. Young children's regularity/adaptability was negatively correlated with dissatisfaction as a parent and young children's emotional instability/negativity. Sense of competence as a parent was positively correlated with young children's emotional regulation and negatively correlated with young children's emotional instability/negativity. In addition, it was further found that the mother's parenting sense of competence tended to play a perfectly/partially mediating role between young children's temperament and young children's emotional regulation ability respectively. Conclusion/Implications: These results clearly indicated that parenting sense of competence plays a crucial role between young children's temperament and emotional regulation.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.42 no.10 s.200
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• pp.23-38
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• 2004

This study firstly investigated the relationships of children's social competence with the relevant factors such as mother's parental role satisfaction and parenting behaviors and secondly analyzed if parenting behaviors function as mediators. The subjects were 1865-year-old children and their mothers. The results showed that children's social competence was related to the children's sex, health, and mother's academic career. Children's social competence was influenced by the relation satisfaction between parents and children, the role conflict between wife and husband, the mother s warm-hearted and rational parenting, and the wife's satisfaction of her husband's support. The mother's warm-hearted and rational parenting functioned as a mediator(intermediary factor) between the children's social competence and the mother's parental role satisfaction.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.40 no.1
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• pp.113-124
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• 2002

This study examined the relationships of children's peer competence with maternal parenting styles and children's emotion regulation. Thirty boys and thirty-one girls in 3 to 6 years of age and their mothers participated. Mothers responded to Parental Acceptance-Rejection Questionnaire(Hwang, 1997), and teachers rutted each child using Peer Competence Scale(Park & Rhee, 2001) and Emotional Intelligence Scale(Lee, 1997). Mothers'acceptive parenting style and children's abilities to regulate emotion were positively related to children's peer competence. Children's emotion regulation rather than mothers' parenting styles predicted peer competence.

• Korean Journal of Child Studies
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• v.38 no.3
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• pp.65-73
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• 2017

Objective: This study aimed to investigate the moderating effects of peer competence between children's perception of parenting attitudes and depression among $5^{th}$ grade elementary students. The differences are examined based by gender. Methods: 'The Children's Perception of the Parenting Attitudes Inventory', 'Children's Depression Inventory', and 'Peer Competence Inventory' were used to collect data from 200 elementary school students from Seoul, Korea. The research hypothesis were analyzed using t-tests, Pearson's correlation analysis, standard linear regression analysis and hierarchical multiple regression analysis via SPSS 21.0. Results: The results are as follows: First, only peer competence showed a difference between the boys and girls, where the boys scored higher than the girls. Second, there was a significant correlation between all the factors. Third, the moderating effect of peer competence on the father's parenting attitude was supported only in the boys. Conclusion: The results denote the need of a gendered approach to understanding problems and developing counseling programs to address depression among children. They also demonstrate that high peer competence can be used to treat depression in boys dissatisfied with their father' parenting attitude.