• Composites Research
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• 제32권6호
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• pp.342-348
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• 2019

고분자 재료의 사용이 늘어남에 따라 난연성 고분자 재료에 대한 연구가 더욱 활발히 진행되고 있다. 고분자 재료의 난연성 향상을 위한 방법으로 제조된 섬유의 후처리 또는 섬유내 난연제의 도입에 관한 연구가 진행되고 있다. 많은 고분자들 중 탄소섬유 전구체인 폴리아크릴로니트릴(PAN)은 의류용으로도 많이 사용되고 있어서 낮은 난연성을 지닌 PAN으로 이루어진 소재의 난연성 향상이 절실히 요구되고 있다. 본 총설 논문에서는 PAN 섬유의 후처리(안정화 또는 화학반응)을 통한 난연성 PAN 섬유와, 유/무기 소재(실리카, 2차원 소재, 탄소나노튜브)과 함께 혼합하여 섬유로 제조하는 난연성 PAN 복합소재의 제조에 대한 연구를 소개하고자 한다.

• 멤브레인
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• 제29권3호
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• pp.164-172
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• 2019

본 연구에서는 녹말(starch)과 poly(acrylonitrile) (PAN)으로 이루어진 가지형 공중합체 기반의 슈퍼 캐퍼시터용 전해질막을 손쉽게 제조하는 방법을 제시하였다. 가지형 공중합체(starch-g-PAN)는 세륨 이온에 의해 개시된 자유 라디칼 중합을 통해 합성되었다. 실온에서 어떠한 유기용매 없이 Starch-g-PAN 고분자를 이온성 액체, 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium dicyanamide (EMIM DCA)에 용해하였으며 1시간 동안 $100^{\circ}C$의 고온을 가해줌으로써 손쉽게 고분자 막을 만들었다. 제조된 막은 유연하여 플렉서블 고체 슈퍼 캐퍼시터의 전해질에 적용되었다. Starch-g-PAN 기반의 고분자 전해질막을 사용한 슈퍼 캐퍼시터는 0.5 A/g의 전류 밀도에서 약 21 F/g의 정전용량을 가졌으며 10,000 사이클 동안 86%의 유지율을 보이며 높은 주기 안정성을 보였다. 본 연구를 통해 starch-g-PAN 기반의 고분자 전해질막이 우수한 성능을 가진 플렉서블 고체 슈퍼 캐퍼시터에 응용될 수 있음을 확인하였다.

• 한국대기환경학회지
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.157-167
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• 2001

Although PAN has ong been considered to belong to one of the most characteristic photooxidants, its concentra-tions have rarely been measured in a systematic manner in Korea. The first in-situ Measurements of PAN were made in concert with simultaneous analysis of NO, NO$_2$, $O_3$ and UV-Visible radiation intensity from Seoul and dong-Hae during Spring and early Summer of 1999. The aim of our study was to evaluate the behavior of photo-chemical species in a highly polluted urban air and a relative clean one. PAN were determined using a semi-auto-mated gas chromatograph equipped with an electron captured detection system. Calibration of the PAN was done by synthesizing liquid standards using a strong acid nitration of the corresponding peracid. The PAN concentra-tions were found in the range of a few ppbv in the urban air ad persistently less than a ppbv in the clean rural airs. Diurnal variations of PAN and $O_3$ were also observed consistently during the experiment with maxima occurring during the late daylight hours. While the positive dependency of $O_3$ production and PAN concentrations were ob-served in most occasion, the dependency became deviated significantly under changes in air masses.

• 한국염색가공학회지
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• 제25권2호
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• pp.94-101
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• 2013

Poly(acrylonitrile) (PAN) nanofibers containing different amounts of titanium dioxide ($TiO_2$) have been prepared by electrospinning technique. Photocatalytic activity of these electrospun PAN/$TiO_2$ nanofibers and the effect of $TiO_2$ content on the photocatalytic efficiency of PAN/$TiO_2$ nanofibers have been evaluated by monitoring the photodecomposition of fluorescein dye, rhodamine B and methylene blue under UV irradiation with respect to irradiation time. Moreover, the effect of hydrogen peroxide ($H_2O_2$) on the photocatalytic behavior of PAN/$TiO_2$ nanofibers has also been investigated. The results showed that PAN/$TiO_2$ nanofibers are effective photocatalyst and their photocatalytic efficiency increases with the increase of $TiO_2$ content in the PAN/$TiO_2$ nanofibers. It is also observed that the presence of $H_2O_2$ significantly enhances the photocatalytic ability of PAN/$TiO_2$ nanofibers. The morphology and the photocatalytic behavior of the PAN/$TiO_2$ nanofibers containing different amounts of $TiO_2$ nanoparticles have been investigated by field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) and UV/Visible spectroscopy, respectively.

• 대한원격탐사학회지
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• 제27권3호
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• pp.359-367
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• 2011

A suitable pan-sharpening method has to be chosen with respect to the used spectral characteristic of the multispectral bands and the intended application. The research on pan-sharpening algorithm in improving the accuracy of image classification has been reported. For a classification, preserving the spectral information is important. Other applications such as road detection depend on a sharp and detailed display of the scene. Various criteria applied to scenes with different characteristics should be used to compare the pan-sharpening methods. The pan-sharpening methods in our research comprise rather common techniques like Brovey, IHS(Intensity Hue Saturation) transform, and PCA(Principal Component Analysis), and more complex approaches, including wavelet transformation. The extraction of matching pairs was performed through SIFT descriptor and Canny edge detector. The experiments showed that pan-sharpening techniques for spatial enhancement were effective for extracting point and linear features. As a result of the validation it clearly emphasized that a suitable pan-sharpening method has to be chosen with respect to the used spectral characteristic of the multispectral bands and the intended application. In future it is necessary to design hybrid pan-sharpening for the updating of features and land-use class of a map.

• 한국유체기계학회 논문집
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.35-40
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• 2017

In order to investigate the change of contact force of pantograph pan head due to the change of aerodynamic force, three dimensional flow around the pan head were calculated. For this, the aerodynamic modeling of pan head of CX pantograph was performed and the standard deviation of the contact force of the simulation results were compared with those of the experimental results of wind tunnel tests. From the comparison, it was confirmed that the current grid system and the numerical methodologies can be utilized to calculate the aerodynamic characteristics of the pantograph pan head. By using these grid system and the methodologies, the standard deviations of the contact force of pan head were calculated with velocities as 200, 250, 300, 350, and 400 km/h. The maximum standard deviation of the aerodynamic contact force of pan head was 92 N at 400 km/h and statistical minimum contact force was more than 0 N. Therefore, it was confirmed that and the pan head of CX pantograph was statistically contacted with the catenary system with the train speed of 350 km/h though the aerodynamic contact force was changed.

• 방사성폐기물학회지
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• 제11권4호
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• pp.259-269
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• 2013

무기 이온교환제인 ammonium molybdophosphate(AMP)와 자성을 가지는 산화철(iron oxides, IO)을 혼합하고, 유기 지지체인 polyacrilonitrile(PAN)을 결합하여 AMP/IO-PAN 복합체를 합성하였으며 액체 방사성폐액 내 방사성 핵종의 처리 적용성을 평가하였다. 합성된 AMP/IO-PAN 복합체의 물성을 X-선 회절분석(XRD), 퓨리에 변환 적외선 분광분석(FT-IR), 주사전자현미경(SEM), 입도분석기(PSA), 비표면적 및 공극 분석, 자성 측정(MPMS) 분석을 통해 파악하고, 코발트, 스트론튬, 세슘에 대한 흡착 성능을 평가하였다. 10wt%의 산화철이 함유된 AMP/IO-PAN 복합체의 자성 측정 결과, 2.038 emu/g으로 나타났다. 10wt%의 산화철이 함유된 AMP/IO-PAN 복합체의 Langmuir 모델로 예측한 코발트, 스트론튬, 세슘에 대한 최대흡착량($Q^0$)은 각 0.097 mmol/g, 0.087 mmol/g, 0.655 mmol/g으로 나타났다. 0, 10, 20, 30wt%의 산화철이 함유된 AMP/IO-PAN 복합체의 Langmuir 모델로 예측한 세슘에 대한 최대흡착량($Q^0$)은 각각 0.702 mmol/g, 0.655 mmol/g, 0.602 mmol/g, 0.559 mmol/g으로 나타났으며, 첨가된 산화철의 양이 증가할수록 AMP/IO-PAN 복합체의 세슘 흡착량이 감소하였다.

• 공업화학
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.93-97
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• 2010

친핵성 첨가반응에 의한 극성 용매(NMP, DMSO, DMF, m-cresol etc.)에 용해성을 갖는 이온성 액체(1,3-dimethylimidazolium methylsulfate, I-DMS)로 도핑된 폴리아닐린(PAN/I-DMS)을 합성하였다. 극성 용매 내에서 PAN/I-DMS의 용해도는 3~6 wt%/vol.을 나타내었고, PAN/I-DMS films의 전기전도도는 $10^{-2}{\sim}7S/cm$를 나타내었다. PAN/I-DMS는 HCl로 도핑된 폴리아닐린(PAN/HCl)과 dimethylsulfate (DMS)로 도핑된 폴리아닐린(PAN/DMS)에 비하여 $160^{\circ}C$에서 열적 안정성과 전기 전도성이 우수함을 볼 수 있었다. 극성 용매 내에서의 용해도와 전기 전도도 증가 현상을 극성 sulfonate group과 극성 용매간의 상호 작용으로 설명하였다.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제16권10호
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• pp.1491-1498
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• 2006

The feasibility of pullulan acetate nanoparticles (PAN) with ionic strength (IS) sensitivity as a radioisotope carrier to inhibit tumor growth is demonstrated. PAN was radiolabeled with rhenium 188 (Re-188) without any chelating agents. The labeling efficiency of Re-188 into PAN (Re-188PAN) was $49.3{\pm}4.0%$ as determined by TLC. The tumor volumes of mice treated with 0.45 mCi of Re-188-PAN were measured and compared with that of free Re-188 after 5 days of intratumoral injection. For the histological evaluation of apoptotic nuclei of tumor cells, hematoxylin and eosin (H&E), and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase biotinylated deoxyuridine triphosphate nick end labeling (TUNEL) staining were performed. The mean tumor volume of the Re-188-PAN-treated group was decreased by 36% after 5 days, whereas that the free Re-188-treated group was decreased by only 15% (P<0.05). The mean number of TUNEL-positive cells in Re-188-PAN-treated tumors at $144.3{\pm}79.9$ cells/section was significantly greater than the control ($26.7{\pm}7.9$ cells/section, P=0.03). The numbers of leukocyte and lymphocyte were decreased in both free Re-188- and Re-188-PAN-treated mice. These results indicated that the intratumoral injection of Re-188-PAN effectively inhibits the tumor growth by prolonging Re-188 retention time in tumor site induced by the IS sensitivity.

• 한국멀티미디어학회논문지
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• 제10권3호
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• pp.373-380
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• 2007

본 논문에서는 Personal Area Network (PAN)을 구성하는 모바일 디바이스에서의 전자서명 생성 및 검증을 위한 계산상 오버헤드를 감소시키는 효율적인 인증 프로토콜을 제안한다. 특히, 제안 프로토콜은 일회용 전자서명 기법을 사용함으로써 전통적인 공개키 전자서명 연산을 제거하였으며, 제한된 컴퓨팅 능력을 가진 모바일 디바이스를 위해 기 제안된 인증 프로토콜과 달리 서명 서버의 지원없이 전자서명 생성 및 검증을 수행할 수 있다. 또한, 제안 프로토콜은 PAN에서 모바일 디바이스들의 인증서 상태 관리를 위한 통신 및 계산상 오버헤드를 경감시키기 위해 해쉬체인에 기반한 간략화된 인증서 상태 검증 절차를 제공한다.