• Environmental Engineering Research
• /
• 제10권6호
• /
• pp.283-293
• /
• 2005

Characteristics of sulfur-based autotrophic denitrification in a semi-continuous type reactor and the kinetic parameters were studied. Enriched autotrophic denitrifying culture was used for the reactor operation. Biomass growth on sulfur particles and in the liquid medium was monitored using the DAPI staining method. From the result of ion concentration changes and the biomass growth, maximum specific growth rate, ${\mu}_{max}$, and the half velocity constant, $K_M$, were estimated as $0.61\;d^{-1}$ and 3.66 mg/L, respectively. Growth yield coefficient, Y values for electron acceptor and donor were found as 0.49 gVSS/g N and 0.16 gVSS/g S. The biomass showed specific denitrification rate, ranging 0.86-1.13 gN/g VSS-d. A half-order equation was found to best simulate the denitrification process in the packed bed reactor operated in the semi-continuous mode.

• 한국산업보건학회지
• /
• 제31권1호
• /
• pp.105-110
• /
• 2021

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to develop a new sterilization plasma device that would be proficient at sterilizing and removing pathogenic bacteria and viruses, and applicable to air purification systems. Methods: In order to understand the performance characteristics, the discharge characteristics of a packed bed DBD reactor and the ozone reduction characteristics of an ozone filter installed at the outlet of the reactor were investigated. Results: The novel packed-bed DBD reactor was proposed, and it was confirmed that the plasma discharge was uniformly and stably discharged throughout the entire layer, and sufficient ozone was generated for sterilization. The ozone filter was tested for three methods: adsorption, adsorption-decomposition, and catalytic decomposition. When the filter thickness was 30 mm, the ozone concentrations were 0.03 ppm, 0.01 ppm, and 0.21 ppm, respectively. The adsorption and adsorption-decomposition methods satisfied the EPA standard of less than 0.05ppm, but the catalytic decomposition method did not. Conclusions: It was confirmed that the adsorption-decomposition method has relatively excellent ozone filter performance and can provide the best ozone filter.

• 조명전기설비학회논문지
• /
• 제22권12호
• /
• pp.142-149
• /
• 2008

본 논문은 비열평형 플라즈마와 촉매를 이용하여 트리클로로에틸렌의 효과적인 분해방법을 제안하였다. 이를 위하여 이산화망간과 알루미나 펠렛을 플라즈마 리액터 내부에 충진한 리액터를 설계하였다. 이산화망간 충진 리백터를 이용할 경우에는 산소를 포함한 가스중의 방전에 의해 발생된 오존이 촉매 표면에서 분해되는 동안에 발생된 산소원자 라디칼에 의하여 TCE의 분해율이 향상됨을 알 수 있었다. 그리고 알루미나를 충진한 경우에는 TCE DCAC로 산화되었으며, COx 및 $Cl_2$와 같은 저분자상으로 많이 분해되지 않았다. 그러나 알루미나 충진 리액터에 의한 플라즈마 처리된 가스를 리액터 후단에 설치한 이산화망간 촉매를 통과시킴에 의하여 분해율이 매우 향상됨을 알 수 있었다. 따라서, 플라즈마 프로세스에 이산화망간을 응용함에 의하여 오존 분해에 따른 촉매 표면의 산소원자 라디칼에 의하여 TCE 및 분해 생성물(DCAC)를 효율적으로 분해하는 것이 가능하다.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
• /
• 제50권2호
• /
• pp.343-347
• /
• 2012

충전형 저온 플라즈마 반응기 내에서의 가스 상 시안화합물의 분해특성을 반응기로 투입되는 방전 전력, 시안화합물의 유입농도, 운반기체인 공기의 습도 및 반응기 내의 충전물질 등을 변수로 연구하였다. 저온플라즈마 방전의 경우 시안화합물들의 분해는 트리클로로에틸렌에 비하여 상대적으로 매우 낮은 효율을 보였다. 그러나 플라즈마 방전 영역에 알루미나 또는 백금/알루미나 구슬을 충전한 경우 분해효율이 크게 높아졌으며 이는 플라즈마 반응과 더불어 백금/알루미나의 촉매작용에 의한 촉매 반응이 동시에 작용함에 기인한 것으로 판단된다.

• 한국환경보건학회지
• /
• 제18권2호
• /
• pp.75-81
• /
• 1992

An experimental investigation has been carried out to evaluate the characteristics in wastewater treatment using an anaerobic packed bed bioreactor with ceramics, rubber sponge, soft stone A, and soft stone B as carrier. The results of the work have shown that soft stone A as a carrier was superior to other carriers in methane production, then the content of methane for soft stone A was about 70%. First of all, soft stone A had higher efficiency of the COD removal than the others in response of passing the operation, as well as it had a low volatile acid in reactor. In addition, the slope of methane production with respect to the removal of COD ($m^{3}CH_{4}$/kgCOD) was 0.58 for soft stone A. In biomass hold-up equation for each carriers, the equation of soft stone A was m$_{p}$=714 ($C_{o}/0.41+C_{o}$) and it was the largest in this experimented carriers. Based upon the results obtained, it is suggested that the major effective carrier in wastewater treatments within the packed bed bioreactor used in this experimental work by soft stone A.

• 한국환경보건학회지
• /
• 제21권4호
• /
• pp.1-9
• /
• 1995

This study was carried to investigate the biodegradability of phenol in the wastewater with the two sludge blanket-packed bed reactor in series. Each reactor had a dimension of 0.09 m i.d. and 1.5 m height and consisted of two regions. The lower region was a sludge blanket of 0.5 m height and the upper region was a packed-bed of 1 m height. The packed bed region was charged with ceramic raschig rings of 10 mm i.d., 15 mm o.d. and 20 mm length. The reactors were operated at 35$\circ$C and the hydraulic retention time(HRT) was maintained 24 hours. The synthetic wastewater composed of glucose and phenol as major components was fed into the reactor in a continuous mode with incereasing phenol concentration. In addition, the nutrient trace metals($Na^+, Mg^{2+}, Ca^{2+}, PO_4^{3-}, NH_4^+, Co^{2+}, Fe^{2+}$ etc.) were added for growing anaerobes. The phenol concentration of the effluent, the overall gas production, the composition of product gas, the efficiency of COD reduction and the duration of acclimation period were measured to determine the performance of the anaerobic wastewater treatment system as the phenol concentration of the influent was increased from 600 to 2400 mg//l. Successfully stable biodegradation of phenol could be achieved with the anaerobic treatment system from 600 to 1, 800 mg/l of the influent phenol concentration. The upper level of influent phenol loading was high enough to meet most of the practical requirement. The duration of acclimation increased with the phenol loading. At steady state of the influent phenol concentration of 1800 mg/l, the treatment performance indicated the phenol reduction efficiency of 99%, the COD reduction efficiency of 99% and the gas production rate of 37 l/day. At the influent phenol concentration of 2400 mg/l, however, the operation of the treatment system was noted unstable. While the concentration of methane in biogas decreased with increasing the influent phenol loading, the carbon dioxide was increased. However, the concentration of hydrogen was varied negligibly. The concentration of methane was high enough to be used as a fuel. As a result, it is suggested that anaerobic phenol wastewater treament was economical in the sense of energy recovery and wastewater treatment.

• 환경위생공학
• /
• 제15권2호
• /
• pp.34-40
• /
• 2000

In the tungsten industry, molybdenum wire which used as the center supporter for coil shape tungsten wire was removed. Nitric acid dissolution method which used prevalently up to the present, takes nitric acid as major component and use noxious material such as sulfuric acid and hydrochloric acid remove molybdenum wire which used as center supporter by dissolve selectively within the range of no damage on tungsten wire. Mixed acid waste water occurred to the process were difficult to be decomposed by the conventional methords. This mixed acid waste water was treated by ozone, and It was obtained using possible by-product through the treatment waste water. For the three reactors with the same volume ; Blank reactor, Disturbance plate reactor, Packed-bed reactor ; the results were as follows : For the blank reactor COD removal efficiency in the pH = 4 (HRT : 6hr) was 28.5%, COD removal efficiency in the pH = 7 (HRT : 6hr) was 28.6%, and COD removal efficiency in the pH = 10 (HRT : 6hr) was 27.8%. For the disturbance plate reactor COD removal efficiency in the pH = 4 (HRT : 6Min.) was 86.5%, COD removal efficiency in the pH =7 (HRT : 6Min.) was 84.4%, and COD removal efficiency in the pH = 10 (HRT : 60Min.) was 86.8%. For the packed-bed reactor COD removal efficiency in the pH = 4 (HRT : 40Min.) was 76.0%, COD removal efficiency in the pH = 7 (HRT : 40Min.) was 81.3%, and COD removal efficiency in the pH = 10 (HRT : 40Min.) was 84.6%. After O3 treatment using possible by-product(Na2SO4) was 150g/ℓ.

• KSBB Journal
• /
• 제15권1호
• /
• pp.88-95
• /
• 2000

5%(w/v)의 설탕과 2.5%(w/v)의 녹말로 구성된 혼합기질용액을 1.5 mL/min으로 공급하였을 때 dextransucrase와 $\alpha$-amylase의 혼합효소를 함께 고정화한 비드를 이용한 방법이 두 효소를 띠로 고정화한 비드를 혼합한 방법보다 올리고당 수율이 충전형 반응기에서는 12%, 교반형 반응기에서는 11% 높았다. 혼합효소를 함께 고정화한 비드를 200시간 이상 사용하였을 경우 교반식 반응기에서는 파괴되었으나, 충전형 반응기에서는 안전하였다. 따라서 올리고당을 연속적으로 생산하는데는 충전형 반응기가 더 적합하였다. 충치균인 S. mutans를 새로운 구조의 올리고당이 함유된 배치에서 배양하였을 때 pH가 5이하로 떨어지지 않았다. 식중독균인 S. aureus를 새로운 구조의 올리고당이 첨가된 배치에서 배양한 결과, glucose와 설탕이 첨가된 배치보다 균 성장정도가 현저히 떨어졌다.

• 한국대기환경학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국대기환경학회 1999년도 추계학술대회 논문집
• /
• pp.471-472
• /
• 1999

각종 산업분야에서 발생되는 NO$_{x}$ 및 VOC$_{s}$ 는 발생원에 따라 농도, 조성 및 가스량, 온도등의 조건이 크게 달라, 이를 경제적이고 효율적으로 제어하기 위해서는 각각의 조건 및 처리목적에 따른 적절한 방지기술의 선정이 필요하다.(중략)

• KSBB Journal
• /
• 제26권4호
• /
• pp.328-332
• /
• 2011

Ethanol production using glycerol as a carbon source was performed by Enterobacter aerogenes immobilized on calcium alginate beads. To improve the ethanol production, the optimal conditions such as loading amount of immobilized cells and glycerol concentration were investigated. The optimal loading amount of immobilized cells and glycerol concentration were 10 mL of calcium alginate bead and 10 g/L, respectively. Consequently, glycerol consumption rate, ethanol concentration and yield were 0.32 g/$L{\cdot}h$, 3.38 g/L and 0.43 g/g on the batch production, respectively. Continuous production of ethanol was successfully achieved using two types of immobilized cell reactors (continuous stirred tank reactor and packed bed reactor) from 10 g/L of glycerol. In the continuous stirred tank reactor, glycerol consumption, ethanol concentration, specific productivity and yield were 9.8 g, 4.67 g/L, 1.17 g/$L{\cdot}h$, 0.48 g/g, respectively. The concentration of produced ethanol was 38-44% higher comparison to batch fermentation, and continuous stirred tank reactor showed better performance than packed bed reactor.