• Journal of the Korea Organic Resources Recycling Association
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.15-26
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• 2020

To recover phosphorus from incinerated sewage sludge ash(ISSA), ISSA were extracted with sulfuric acid solution, and the optimal phosphorus recovery conditions were experimented by comparing the recovered phosphorus contents and heavy metals by raising pH. Also the phosphorus recovery efficiency was compared when acid extract was reused or classified by particle size of ISSA. The optimal conditions for recovering phosphorus from ISSA were 1N sulfuric acid solution with an L/S ratio of 10, and an extraction time of 30 minutes. Considering the addition of alkali substances and the content of heavy metals in the recovered sediment, it is concluded to recover phosphorus under pH 5. Reuse of the ISSA extract increased the recovery rate of phosphorus by 14~21% depending on the reuse rate (100 and 50%), but it also increased zinc contents to 33 and 21%, and copper contents to 35 and 20%, respectively. The experiment of ISSA divided into four sections by particle size showed that there was no distinct advantage of phosphorous recovery by classification of certain particle size of ISSA. The removal of heavy metals from extracts through EDTA and cation exchange resin showed no definite effect.

• Journal of the Korean GEO-environmental Society
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• v.12 no.12
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• pp.21-30
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• 2011

The recycled soil that is proceeded from demolition concrete structures was analyzed by the methods of the physical and mechanical tests of soil and TCLP test to use the soil in low landfilling for the construction of an industrial complex. The laboratory test for diffusion of alkali ion in soil mass was analyzed by the methods of XRF and ICP. The fish toxicity test was also conducted to find an environmental influence. The recycled soil through the laboratory test satisfied the engineering property for low landfilling and the criteria of soil contamination. However, the solution which producted by 1:1 ratio of recycled soil and water contained the high pH concentration by alkali ion. The calcium hydroxide solution by CSH cement paste was estimated as the main reason why pH concentration is increased more than 9.0. The high pH concentration in recycled soils causes a toxicity to the livability of fishes. A diffusion area of pH concentration in the ground was analyzed by the Visual Modflow Ver. 2009 program based on geotechnical investigation. The high pH concentration in the recycled soils can be remained as high value due to cement paste in the long term period. Therefore, in the early stage of landfilling work, the mixing with the weathered granite soil is necessary to control the pH concentration.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.370-374
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• 1995

By exposing the complex enzyme solution to alkaline condition, it was possible to remove the protease activity selectively without inactivation of soybean cell wall degrading activity of the crude enzyme complex produced by Aspergillus niger CF-34. Optimum reaction conditions were as follow. pH was $9.0{\pm}0.1$, temperature was $20^{\circ}C$ and reaction time was 30 min with gentle stirring. Over 90% of protease activity could be eliminated while the activities of pectinase, polygalacturonase, xylanase, carboxymethyl cellulase and soybean cell wall degrading enzyme were maintained to $80{\sim}100%$. Through alkali treatment, it was discovered that the quality and organoleptic properties of soy protein produced by this enzymes were improved because the hydrolysis of protein and formation of bitter peptide were decreased.

• Resources Recycling
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.66-72
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• 2008

Fundamental studies for the synthesis of Mn-Zn ferrite powder were investigated using a series of leaching and coprecipitation processes from spent alkaline manganese batteries. Zinc and Manganese dissolution rates obtained at the reaction conditions of 100g/L pulp density, 3.0M $H_2SO_4$, $60^{\circ}C$ and 200 rpm with 30 ml $H_2O_2$ as a reducing agent were more than 97.9% and 93.9% and coprecipitation of Mn-Zn ferrite powder was performed according to various reaction conditions such as temperature, time and amount of $O_2$ gas injection using the leaching solution. As a result of coprecipitation, Mn-Zn ferrite could be synthesized directly at low temperature in the reaction condition pH 12, $80^{\circ}C$, $O_2$ 1.3 L/min. and 400 rpm. The synthesized Mn-Zn ferrite powder was spherical powder of $0.143{\mu}m$ particle size and had a saturation magnetization about 80 emu/g.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.33 no.10
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• pp.1676-1684
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• 2004

Gel properties of recovered protein from mackerel, frozen blackspotted croaker, chicken breast and pork leg using acidic and alkaline processing were evaluated. Myofibrillar protein from mackerel by acidic processing did not form a heat-induced gel. However, the recovered protein including sarcoplasmic protein formed heatinduced gel. Breaking force of gel from mackerel processed at pH 10.5 was the lowest. A deformation value of frozen blackspotted croaker was the highest, followed by chicken breast, pork leg and mackerel. Whiteness of frozen blackspotted croaker was the highest among heat-induced gel. Breaking force, deformation and whiteness were decreased by addition of recovered protein from mackerel, but price was increased. A breaking force and whiteness of heat-induced gel added recovered protein from chicken breast were increased, and the price was greatly decreased. When the constraint of breaking force, deformation and price of raw material were set up above 110 g, 4.5 mm and below 2,000 won/kg. A optimum formulation for blending protein was 36∼50% for frozen blackspotted croaker, 34∼40% for chicken breast, 14∼25% for pork leg. The heat-induced gel of recovered protein from frozen blackspotted croaker showed compact structure compared to that of recovered protein from mackerel. A formulation of chicken breast and pork leg based on blackspotted croaker can be used in surimi based seafood products having various texture.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.35 no.8
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• pp.1045-1050
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• 2006

Optimum operation condition for pilot scale of alkaline processing for fish muscle was investigated by measuring protein solubility, yield, texture, and water-holding capacity. Recovered protein yield was 33.2% for whole fish and 61.8% for minced muscle. Optimum homogenized speed and time, using industrial scale homogenizer, were 3,000 rpm and 5 min, respectively. Limited centrifugal force of continuous cylinder type was 4,000 rpm for recovering soluble protein, and 2,000 rpm for recovering precipitated proteins. The pH control agents such as citric acid, sodium phosphate and calcium oxide decreased the breaking force and deformation of recovered protein gel. The breaking force and deformation of the recovered proteins were high compared to conventional surimi. The breaking force and deformation were decreased by addition of salt, starch and bovine plasma proteins. Whiteness of recovered protein gel was lower than that of conventional surimi. Alkaline processing greatly decreased nitrogen content and chemical oxygen demand in waste water. The results suggest that alkaline processing has a potential as industrial production for recovering the proteins from fish muscle.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.47 no.6
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• pp.1059-1066
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• 2005

The objective of this study was to investigate the physico-chemical characteristics of chicken breast surimi processed by four times washing (C) and adjustment to pH 3.0 (T1) and pH 11.0 (T2). Water, crude protein, myofibrillar protein and yield of the treatment C were lower compared to other two treatments. Crude fat of T2 was higher than other two treatments. pH, WHC, breaking force and deformation were not different among the treatments. Shear force of T2 was the highest, followed by T1 and C. L* of T2 and a* of T1 were lower than other two treatments. b* of C was the highest, while T2 was the lowest. Brittleness and hardness in textural properties were not different among the treatments. Cohesiveness of T1 was the lowest among three treatments. Springiness and chewiness of T1 and T2 were higher than those of treatment C, respectively. Gumminess of T2 were higher compared to C and T1. Appearance and flavor in sensory evaluation were the highest in T1 and the lowest in C among three treatments. Color, aroma, juiciness, tenderness and overall acceptability were not different among the treatments. In conclusion, physico-chemical quality of chicken breast surimi was the highest in T2 among three treatments.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics and Information Engineers
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• v.52 no.3
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• pp.199-205
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• 2015

This study is about ionic water generator filter Recently, a lot of people feel deep interest in health and drinking water. And there are various types of water. Ionic water generator is a system with special function, and can be classified as a medical device and should be manufactured after approval from the Food and Drug Administration. Basically ionized water is different from the packaged and stored water. When the tap water or ground water passes through the various filters of ionic water generator, it turns to the purified water of pH7 ~ 7.5 and we can electrolyze that water into anion and cation by diaphragm. And in negative electrode side, we can get alkaline water with calcium ($Ca^+$), potassium ($K^+$), magnesium ($Mg^+$), sodium ($Na^+$) for body. In general, we can change pH value from 5 to 9 of ionizer by controlling the level of electrolysis voltage in the ionizer. In general, 1stage (pH8), 2stage (pH8.5), 3stage (pH9), 4stage (pH9.5) are used as the alkaline ionized water, -1Stage (pH6.0), -2 stage (pH5.0) are used as the acidic water. But in early stage, the water that passed through filter was weakly alkaline water and that was problem. Therefore, when filter condition is stable, the pH and ORP value of water is different with the early one. the initial setting pH value of the ionizer was confirmed that changes significantly. In order to resolve this problem we need to wash filter for some period time and neutralize by acidification treatment of the filter.

• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.17 no.6
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• pp.416-423
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• 1973

Formation of the complexes of alkaline earth metal ions with malonate and o-phthalate ions in aqueous, ethanol-water and acetone-water solutions (20% by volume) was studied at room temperature by the equilibrium ion exchange technique. This technique involved the measurements of distribution of radioactivity between cation exchange resin(Ion Exchange Resin CGC 241) and solution phases after the radioactive metal ions were equilibriated with the cation exchange resin in the presence of malonate or o-phthalate ions of varying concentrations. The pH of the solutions was controlled to 7.2~7.5, and the ionic strength of the solutions was kept at 0.10~0.11. The results of the present study indicated that the alkaline earth metal ions formed one-to-one complexes with the dibasic organic acids in all solvent systems examined. The present study showed that the relative stabilities of the complexes increased in the order: $Ba^{++}\;<\;Sr^{++}\;<\;Ca^{++}$ complexes. It was also observed that the relative tendency of the o-phthalate ion for the complex formation was somewhat greater than that of malonate ion in each solvent system. Furthermore, it was noted that the complexes were formed more readily in the mixed solvent than in the aqueous solution.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.406-410
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• 1990

The influence of glucose concentration on cell growth rate and on the expression level of the strong promoter obtained from alkali-tolerant Bacillus sp. YA-14 chromosomal DNA was studied. In fed-batch culture, the promoter activity could be maximized by maintaining a very low level of glucose concentration in the broth and glucose consumption rate below 1.08g/g cell-h. The induction of the promoter was possible by addition of sporulation medium after the cell was grown in growth medium with only low level of CAT activity.