• 한국식품영양학회지
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• 제29권3호
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• pp.335-340
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• 2016

The objective of the present investigation was to obtain vitamin, mineral, flavonoid, and polyphenol profiles of Rudbeckia laciniata (RL), and to examine the effects of extract of RL (RLE) on various physiological activities of HaCaT keratinocyte for the utilization of RL as natural raw materials to develop functional food. To accomplish this purpose, we checked the contents of the general nutrients of RL. The contents of vitamin A, vitamin $B_1$ and vitamin $B_2$ were $7.49{\mu}g/g$, $51.96{\mu}g/g$, and $132{\mu}g/g$ respectively, while vitamin C and vitamin $D_3$ were not detected. The contents of mineral such as Ca, K and Fe were 2.01 mg/g, 6.06 mg/g and 0.03 mg/g respectively. Total flavonoid contents of RLE were 0.25 mg/g, and total polyphenol were estimated as 1.43 mg/g. Because RL contains high levels of vitamin A which is associated with skin aging, we investigated the effect of RLE on physiological function of keratinocytes with respect to skin aging. We found that RLE significantly increased the growth rate of HaCaT cells and reduced ultraviolet radiation B (UVB)-induced cellular toxicity. Also, the extract of Rudbeckia laciniata attenuated the UVB-induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation in a dose-dependent manner in HaCaT cells. In addition, treatment with the extract dose-dependently increased migration activity of HaCaT cells. Thus, these findings indicated that RLE could regulate the physiological activity of keratinocytes, and may be used to develop functional foods.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• 제11권5호
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• pp.163-169
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• 2007

The neurotoxicity of amyloid $\beta(A\beta)$ is associated with an increased production of reactive oxygen species and apoptosis, and it has been implicated in the development of Alzheimer's disease. While(-)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate(EGCG) suppresses $A\beta$-induced apoptosis, the mechanisms underlying this process have yet to be completely clarified. This study was designed to investigate whether EGCG plays a neuroprotective role by activating cell survival system such as protein kinase C(PKC), extracellular-signal-related kinase(ERK), c-Jun N-terminal kinase(JNK), and anti-apoptotic and pro-apoptotic genes in SH-SY5Y human neuroblastoma cells. One ${\mu}M\;A{\beta}_{1-42}$ decreased cell viability, which was correlated with increased DNA fragmentation evidenced by DAPI staining. Pre-treatment of SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells with EGCG($1{\mu}M$) significantly attenuated $A{\beta}_{1-42}$-induced cytotoxicity. Potential cell signaling candidates involved in this neuroprotective effects were further examined. EGCG restored the reduced PKC, ERK, and JNK activities caused by $A{\beta}_{1-42}$ toxicity. In addition, gene expression analysis revealed that EGCG prevented both the $A{\beta}_{1-42}$-induced expression of a pro-apoptotic gene mRNA, Bad and Bax, and the decrease of an anti-apoptotic gene mRNA, Bcl-2 and Bcl-xl. These results suggest that the neuroprotective mechanism of EGCG against $A{\beta}_{1-42}$-induced apoptotic cell death includes stimulation of PKC, ERK, and JNK, and modulation of cell survival and death genes.

• 한국패류학회지
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• 제31권2호
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• pp.151-158
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• 2015

본 연구는 구리에 노출된 꼬막, Tegillarca granosa의 생존율, 호흡율 및 기관계의 반응을 알아보고자 하였다. 실험기간은 4주였으며, 실험구는 대조구와 구리 노출구 3개 (0.125, 0.250 and 0.500 mg/L) 였다. 실험 결과 구리는 꼬막의 생존율과 호흡률의 저하 및 기관계의 조직학적 변성을 유도하는 것이 확인되었다. 노출 종말점에서 0.500 mg/L의 구리 노출구에서 사망률은 66.7%였으며, 호흡률은 대조구에 비해 18.2%로 감소하였다. 기관계의 조직학적 분석 결과, 외투막 상피층과 결합조직층의 변성, 아가미 새엽 상피세포의 위축과 측면섬모의 소실, 발에서는 상피층의 붕괴, 점액의 산성화 및 혈림프동의 확장과 근섬유 다발의 변성을 나타냈다. 소화맹낭의 소화선세관에서는 호염기성세포와 상피세포의 위축 및 붕괴가 확인되었다.

• 대한본초학회지
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• 제23권3호
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• pp.19-25
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• 2008

Objectives : This study was performed to evaluate the neuroprotective effect of water extracts from Thujae Semen(TSW) in PC12 cells. Methods : We performed 2,2-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl(DPPH) radical scavenging assay, 2,2-azinobis- (3-ethyl-benzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid(ABTS) cation scavenging assay, and determination of total polyphenolic content to examine the antioxidant effects of TSW. We also carried out 3-(4,5- dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl-tetrazolium bromide assay(MTT), reactve oxygen species(ROS) assay, and nitric oxide(NO) assay to examine neuroprotective effects against 6-hydroxydopamine(6-OHDA) in PC12 cells. Results : TSW showed $IC_{50}$ values of 404.3 and 219.9 ${\mu}g/mL$ in DPPH and in ABTS assays, respectively. TSW showed 9.74 ${\mu}g/mL$ of total polyphenol contents. TSW incresed cell viability in a dose dependent manner and it showed protective effect against 6-OHDA neurotoxicity at the concentration of 25-200 ${\mu}g/mL$. Moreover, it recovered 6-OHDA induced cell death at the same concentrations. The extract showed a dose dependent reduction of ROS and NO generation by 6-OHDA. Conclusions : We concluded that TSW has neuroprotective effect against 6-OHDA-induced toxicity in PC12 cells through ROS and NO inhibition.

• 한국환경보건학회지
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• 제27권2호
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• pp.10-16
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• 2001

To evaluate an effect of circadian variation on the xylene metabolizing enzyme activities, 50% m-xylene in olive oil(0.25 $m\ell$/100g body weight) was intraperitoneally administered to the rats every other day for 6 days both in the night; 24:00 and the day; 12:00. Then animals were sacrigiced at 8hr after last injection of m-xylene. Hepatic microsomal cytochrome p450 contents were more increased both in control and xylene treated rats of night phase than those of day phase. But the activity of hepatic alcohol dehydrogenase(ADH) in control of night phase showed the similar value with that in those of day phase and xylene treated rats of day phase showed an increasing tendency of hepatic ADH activity as those of night phase showing similar activity. Furthermore, control rats of night phase than those of day phase. And by xylene treatment, enzyme activities of rats of day phase were higher tendency in rats of control but those of night phase were somewhat inhibited. Besides, xylene-treated animals of night phase showed increasing tendency of urinary methylhippuric acid concentration compared with those of day phase. On the other hand, liver weight per body weight(%), hepatic lipid peroxide content and serum xanthine oxidase activity were higher in night phase. And the activities of hepatic oxygen free radical metabolizing enzymes such as xanthine oxidase, gluthathione S-transferase, and xylene-treated rats of night phase than those of day phase. In conclusion, it can be hypothesized on the basis of the results that the accumulation rate of m-xylene intermediate metabolite, i.e. m-methylbenzaldehyde in liver tissus may be higher in night phase than in day phase and it may be responsible for higher liver toxicity in bight phase than in day phase.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제17권4호
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• pp.1031-1036
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• 2003

To certify the protective effect of herbal medicine against oxygen free radical-induced myocardiotoxicity, cytotoxicity was measured using TBARS assay and Beating rate in the presence of Tongryeong-san(TRS) extracts or single constituents of this prescription. Myocardial toxicity was evaluated in neonatal rat myocardiocytes in cultures. In the present study, xanthine oxidase/hypoxanthine (XO/HX) resulted in a increase in lipid peroxidation and decreases in beating rate in cultured myocardial cells. In the effect of TRS extract, it showed the prevention from the XO/HX-induced cardiotoxicity by the increases of beating rate as well as the decrease of lipid peroxidation, In the protective effect of Faeces Trogopterori(FT), Pollen Typhae(PT), Caulis Akebiae(CA) and Radix Paeoniae Rubra(PRR), all the extracts were significantly effective in the protection of XO/HX-induced cardiotoxocity in cultured myocardial cells by the increase of beating rate as well as th decrease of lipid peroxidation. From these results, they show that XO/HX is cardiotoxic in cultured myocardial cells derived from neonatal rat, and it suggests that TRS, FT, PT, CA and PRR extracts are positively effective in the blocking in XO/HX-induced cardiotoxicity.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• 제10권4호
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• pp.274-280
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• 2002

The fluoroquinolones have been reported to cause, although at low frequency, severe phototoxicity which is due to singlet oxygen produced by ultraviolet-A (UVA; 320-400 nm) exposure. The objective of this study was to evaluate the phototoxicity based on plasma and tissue concentrations of commonly prescribed fluoroquinolones; lomefloxacin (LFLX), enoxacin (ENX), ofloxacin (OFLX), and ciprofloxacin (CPFX). The phototoxic potentials were investigated by measuring increments in ear thickness, 24 hrs after these fluoroquinolones were orally administered to Balb/c mice, which they were exposed to UVA 17.5 J/$\textrm{cm}^2$ for 2 hrs following drug administration. The fifty percent ear thickness increment-inducing doses ($ETID_{50}$), determined by single ascending dosing of each fluoroquinolone to mice, were calculated to be 50(LMFX), 250(ENX), 770(OFLX), 1100(CPFX) mg/kg. Post the administration of ETID$_{50}$, drug concentrations in plasma and ear tissue were measured at specified times and phototoxicities were quantified. Both peak plasma ($\mu\textrm{g}$/ml) and ear tissue ($\mu\textrm{g}$/g) concentrations were summarized as follows; 7.3/1.4 for LMFX, 15.0/1.6 for ENX, 90.1/18.4 for OFLX and 87.2/3.7 for CPFX. The degree of photo toxicity was more relevant to plasma concentrations than tissue concentrations. In order to assess the effect of irradiation time after drug administration on phototoxicity, the 2 hr UVA irradiation was given at 0, 1, 2, 3, and 5 hr after administering $ETID_{50}$, respectively and photo toxicities were evaluated. The shorter inteval between dosing and UVA exposure was, the higher risk of phototoxicity was produced.d.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• 제29권3호
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• pp.259-266
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• 1991

폐흡충 성충의 인산완충액 추출액을 원심분리하여 만든 세포질 현탁액을 조효소(조효소)로 사용하여 Xanthine- zanthine oxidase system으로 superoxide digmutase 환성을 측정한 결과 비활성도(비활성도: specific activity)는 4.3 units/mg이었다. 이 효소의 활성도를 30∼85% ammonium sulfate 침전 및 DEAE-Trisacryl M anion exchange chromatography와 Sephadex G-100 column chromatography를 통과시키면서 측정하는 방법으로 superoxide dismutase를 정제하고, 정제한 효소의 생화학적 특성을 관찰하여 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 1. 정제과정을 통해 세포질 내 superoxide dismutase를 150배 정제하였다. Sephadex G-100 gel filtration에 의해 계산한 이 효소의 분자량은 34kDa이었고 환원성 SDS-PAGE상 subunit가 17 kDa이었다. 따라서 이 효소는 subunit 두개로 구성된 중항체로 판단하였다. 3. 이 효소는 1 mM 이상의 cyanide 농도에서는 효소 황성이 100% 억제되었고, 5mM 농도의 azide에서는 11.1%, 10mM azide에서는 22.2% 그 환성이 각각 억제되었다. 3. 이 효소는 완충액의 pH가 10.0일 때 효소 황성이 5.4배 증가되었다. 이상의 결과로 폐흡충의 세포질 내에 존재하는 superoxide dismutase는 구리와 아연을 함유한 superoxide dismutase라고 판단할 수 있었다.

• ALGAE
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• 제29권2호
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• pp.165-174
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• 2014

Ecklonia cava is a common edible brown algae that is plentiful in Jeju Island of Republic of Korea. Polyphenols from E. cava have strong anti-inflammatory activity. However, a large number of the by-products from E. cava processing are discarded. In the present study, to utilize these by-products, we assessed the anti-inflammatory activity of the polyphenol-rich fraction (PRF) from E. cava processing by-product (EPB) in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced RAW264.7 macrophage cells. Four compounds, namely eckol, eckstolonol, dieckol, and phlorofucofuroeckol-A, were isolated and identified from PRF. We found that PRF suppressed the production of nitric oxide (NO), inducible nitric oxide synthase, and cyclooxygenase-2 in the LPS-induced cells. Furthermore, the protective effect of PRF was investigated in vivo in LPS-stimulated inflammation zebrafish model. PRF had a protective effect against LPS-stimulated toxicity in zebrafish embryos. In addition, PRF inhibited LPS-stimulated reactive oxygen species and NO generation. According to the results, PRF isolated from EPB could be used as a beneficial anti-inflammatory agent, instead of discard.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제28권1호
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• pp.184-189
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• 1996

냉이(Capsella bursa-pastoris)로부터 산소독성에 영향을 미치는 superoxide anion radical에 대하여 소거작용을 하는 물질을 분리하고 이 물질의 이화학적 성질을 검토하였다. 냉이를 에탄올로 추출한 후 용매분획과 각종 column chromatographies (Amberlite XAD-2, Sephadex LH-20, Bio gel P-2, ODS)를 통해 정제하였고, 최종적으로 FPLC (Fast protein liquid chromatography)를 사용하여 활성의 단일물질을 얻었다. 냉이 에탄올추출물 100 g으로부터 0.25 g의 정제물질을 얻었으며, superoxide anion radical을 50% 소거하는 농도$(IC_{50})$는 $0.58\;{\mu}g$이었다. 이 물질에 대해 각종 이화학적 성질을 검토한 결과 phenol성 화합물의 배당체로 추정하였다.