• 대한금속재료학회지
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• 제46권11호
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• pp.737-746
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• 2008

Mechanisms of sticking phenomena occurring during hot rolling of a modified STS 430J1L ferritic stainless steel have been investigated in this study by using a pilot-plant-scale rolling machine. As the rolling pass proceeds, the Fe-Cr oxide layer formed in a reheating furnace is destroyed, and the destroyed oxides penetrate into the rolled steel to form a thin oxide layer on the surface region. The sticking does not occur on the surface region containing oxides, whereas it occurs on the surface region without oxides by the separation of the rolled steel at high temperatures. This indicates that the resistance to sticking increases by the increase in the surface hardness when a considerable amount of oxides are formed on the surface region, and that the sticking can be evaluated by the volume fraction and distribution of oxides formed on the surface region. The lubrication and the increase of the rolling speed and rolling temperature beneficially affect to the resistance to sticking because they accelerate the formation of oxides on the steel surface region. In order to prevent or minimize the sticking, thus, it is suggested to increase the thickness of the oxide layer formed in the reheating furnace and to homogeneously distribute oxides along the surface region by controlling the hot-rolling process.

• 한국과학예술포럼
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• 제30권
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• pp.251-261
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• 2017

금속은 우리 인류 문화 발전에 많은 영향을 준 재료이며, 과거에서부터 현재까지 우리 생활에 밀접한 연관이 있는 재료이다. 선사시대부터 사용해온 금속의 종류는 다양하며 우리나라의 출토 금속 유물 중 철기유물이 가장 큰 비중을 차지하고 있다. 출토 유물에서 전승 유물에 이르기까지 철기 유물들의 존재를 가장 크게 위협하는 것이 부식 진행 과정이며, 부식된 산화물을 제거하기 위해서는 현재 물리적인 제거 방법이 가장 많이 사용되고 있다. 본 논문은 부식 산화물을 제거하는 작업에 대한 내용으로 철기 유물 자체의 모재는 보호하면서 부식 산화물만을 처리하는 화학적 부식 산화물 제거제에 대하여 연구하고자 하였다. 철기 유물의 부식 산화물에 대한 보다 안전하고 효과적인 제거를 위해, 새로운 산성, 알칼리성, 중성의 산화물 제거제를 제조하고, 이의 조성을 다양하게 변화하면서 철기 유물의 부식 산화물 제거 가능성과 최적화된 조성을 찾는 것에 목표를 두고 실행하였으며 근대 유물에 적용하여 그 가능성까지를 검토하였다. 연구결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 산성 처리 용액의 경우 철 시편 표면에 산화된 부식물은 일부만이 제거되는 결과를 나타내었다. 둘째, 알칼리성과 중성 처리 용액의 경우 검은색의 부식물이 남은 상태였으나 이는 처리 시간과 처리 용액의 양을 증가시키면 이들도 제거되는 결과를 나타내었다. 셋째, 이 세 종류 용액은 처리 시에 모두 모재 자체에 손상을 주지 않았으며 용액의 농도와 처리 시간의 조절만으로도 유물에 따른 상황 대처가 가능하여 모재나 안정화 부식층을 보호하면서 불안정한 산화물층만을 제거할 수 있는 결과를 나타내었다.

• 한국해양학회지:바다
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• 제14권3호
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• pp.127-133
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• 2009

동해 울릉분지에서 망간산화물과 철산화물의 유기물 분해 기여율을 정량화하기 위하여 6개의 박스형 시추퇴적물을 채집하였다. 수심이 2,000 m 이상인 울릉분지 표층퇴적물에서 유기탄소 함량은 2.6% 가량으로 육상기원 유기물 유입이 많은 흑해와 용승 해역인 칠레 주변해역들과 비슷했다. 울릉분지에 위치한 정점들에서 망간산화물 함량은 퇴적물 최상부에서 2% 이상으로 매우 높았고, 철산화물 함량은 울릉분지 표층 $1{\sim}4cm$ 내외에서 2% 가량의 최고값을 나타냈다. 그러나 대륙사면 정점들에서 망간산화물과 철산화물 함량은 분지처럼 높은 값을 보이지 않았다. 동해 울릉분지에서 2% 이상으로 높은 망간산화물 함량은 높은 유기탄소 함량과 사면보다 비교적 느린 퇴적속도 때문이거나 망간 이온이 저탁류를 통해 사면에서 분지로 이동한 것으로 예상된다. 망간산화물 환원율은 $0.3{\sim}0.57\;mmol\;m^{-2}\;day^{-1}$의 범위를 보였고, 철산화물 환원율은 $0.10{\sim}0.24\;mmol\;m^{-2}\;day^{-1}$의 범위를 나타냈다. 울릉분지에서 금속산화물은 유기물 분해에 $13{\sim}26%$ 정도를 차지하였으며, 이는 칠레 용승 해역과 유사하고, 덴마크 연안보다 낮은 값이다.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제73권6호
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• pp.685-698
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• 2020

The dynamic stability of a functionally graded polymer microbeam reinforced by graphene oxides subjected to a periodic axial force is investigated. The microbeam is assumed to rest on an elastic substrate and is subjected to various immovable boundary restraints. The weight fraction of graphene oxides nanofillers is graded across the beam thickness. The effective Young's modulus of the functionally graded graphene oxides reinforced composite (FG-GORC) was determined using modified Halpin-Tsai model, with the mixture rule used to evaluate the effective Poisson's ratio and the mass density. An improved third order shear deformation theory (TSDT) is used in conjunction with the Chebyshev polynomial-based Ritz method to derive the Mathieu-Hill equations for dynamic stability of the FG-GORC microbeam, in which the scale effect is taken into account based on modified couple stress theory. Then, the Mathieu-Hill equation was solved using Bolotin's method to predict the principle unstable regions of the FG-GORC microbeams. The numerical results show the effects of the small scale, the graphene oxides nanofillers as well as the elastic substrate on the dynamic stability behaviors of the FG-GORC microbeams.

• 한국진공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국진공학회 2013년도 제44회 동계 정기학술대회 초록집
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• pp.132-132
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• 2013

Colloidal synthesis of nanoparticles with well-controlled size, shape, and composition, together with development of in situ surface science characterization tools, such as ambient pressure X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (APXPS), has brought new opportunities to unravel the surface structure of working catalysts. Recent studies suggest that surface oxides on transition metal nanoparticles play an important role in determining the catalytic activity of CO oxidation. In this talk, I will outline the recent studies on the influence of surface oxides on Rh, Pt, Ru and Co nanoparticles on the catalytic activity of CO oxidation [1-3]. Transition metal nanoparticle model catalysts were synthesized in the presence of poly(vinyl pyrrolidone) polymer capping agent and deposited onto a flat Si support as two-dimensional arrays using the Langmuir-Blodgett deposition technique. APXPS studies exhibited the reversible formation of surface oxides during oxidizing, reducing, and CO oxidation reaction [4]. General trend is that the smaller nanoparticles exhibit the thicker surface oxides, while the bigger ones have the thin oxide layers. Combined with the nature of surface oxides, this trend leads to the different size dependences of catalytic activity. Such in situ observations of metal nanoparticles are useful in identifying the active state of the catalysts during use and, hence, may allow for rational catalyst designs for practical applications. I will also show that the surface oxide can be engineered by using the simple surface treatment such as UV-ozone techniques, which results in changing the catalytic activity [5]. The results suggest an intriguing way to tune catalytic activity via engineering of the nanoscale surface oxide.

• 청정기술
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• 제19권3호
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• pp.233-242
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• 2013

PVC 함유 가연성폐기물의 열분해시 Ca 계열 및 Fe 계열 산화물을 탈염 흡수제로 사용하여 생성물의 분포, 액상 생성물의 비점분포, 생성물의 염소 농도에 미치는 영향을 조사하였다. Fe 계열 산화물 분말을 액상에서 흡수제로 사용시 오일의 수율이 뚜렷하게 감소하였다. 이러한 현상은 산화철이 열분해시 일부 열분해 촉매의 역할을 하였을 가능성을 나타낸다. 반면에 오일의 비점분포가 낮아지는 현상은 발견되지 않았으며 이러한 현상은 산화철의 촉매 반응성이 크지 않기 때문으로 보인다. Ca 계열 산화물 분말을 흡수제로 사용한 경우 오일 수율이 감소하는 현상은 발견되지 않았으며 비점분포도 큰 변화가 없었으나 탈염성능이 산화철 분말 흡수제 보다 더 우수하였다.

• 한국재료학회지
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• 제13권4호
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• pp.228-232
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• 2003

The effects of$ Nd_2$$O_3$addition on the properties of Mn-Zn ferrite were investigated in the doping concentration range from 0.05 to 0.25 wt%. All samples were prepared by standard fabrication of ferrite ceramics. With increasing the Neodymium oxides, specific density and initial permeability increased on the whole. But, the tendencies such as upper result had the measured value on limitation and characteristics saturated or decreased properties after that. With increasing the content of Neodymium oxides. both the real and imaginary component of complex permeability and the magnetic loss(tan$\delta$) increased. Because reason that magnetic loss increases is high ratio that a real department increases than imaginary department. Magnetic loss increased none the less for increasing the real department related with magnetic permeability. But, the magnetic loss of ferrite doped with the Neodymium oxides were lower than that of none doped Mn-Zn ferrite. The small amount of percent Neodymium oxides in Mn-Zn ferrite composition led to enhancement of resistivity in bulk, and more so in the grain boundary.

• 한국분말재료학회지
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• 제27권3호
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• pp.203-209
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• 2020

The automotive industry has focused on the development of metallic materials with high specific strength, which can meet both fuel economy and safety goals. Here, a new class of ultrafine-grained high-Mn steels containing nano-scale oxides is developed using powder metallurgy. First, high-energy mechanical milling is performed to dissolve alloying elements in Fe and reduce the grain size to the nanometer regime. Second, the ball-milled powder is consolidated using spark plasma sintering. During spark plasma sintering, nanoscale manganese oxides are generated in Fe-15Mn steels, while other nanoscale oxides (e.g., aluminum, silicon, titanium) are produced in Fe-15Mn-3Al-3Si and Fe-15Mn-3Ti steels. Finally, the phases and resulting hardness of a variety of high-Mn steels are compared. As a result, the sintered pallets exhibit superior hardness when elements with higher oxygen affinity are added; these elements attract oxygen from Mn and form nanoscale oxides that can greatly improve the strength of high-Mn steels.

• 한국전기전자재료학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국전기전자재료학회 1998년도 춘계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.395-398
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• 1998

Lithium insertion has been studied in a number of vanadium oxides with special regard to their application as the active materials in rechargeable lithium cells. Very high stoichiometric energy densities for lithium insertion are found for several of these materials. Some vanadium oxides, e.g. V$_2$ $O_{5}$ and V$_{6}$ $O_{13}$, are now being used in commercially developed rechargeable Li batteries. Another material which is receiving remarkable attention for this kind of cells is LiV$_3$ $O_{8}$. In variety of ternary lithium-vanadium oxides, the lithium content can be varied between certain limits without major changes in the vanadium oxygen lattice. In our worts, the oxides which do net form these thermodynamically stable bronzes can still accommodate large amounts of lithium at ambient temperature, forming kinetically stable insertion compounds. These compounds owe their existence to the whereas lithium is easily introduced into these open structures. The oxides investigated are rather poor electronic conductors; the conductivity decrease with increase in the lithium content. Improvements in the electrode fabrication technique are needed to alleviate this Problem.oblem.

• Transactions on Electrical and Electronic Materials
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.1-10
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• 2010

This is an overview paper reporting our most recent work on processing and microstructure of nano-structured oxides and their photoluminescence and photo-catalysis properties. Zinc oxide and related transition metal oxides such as vanadium pentoxide and titanium dioxide were produced by a combination of magnetron sputtering, hydrothermal growth and atmosphere controlled heat treatment. Special morphology and microstructure were created including nanorods arrays, core-brushes, nano-lollipops and multilayers with very large surface area. These structures showed special properties such as much enhanced photoluminescence and chemical reactivity. The photo-catalytic properties have also been promoted significantly. It is believed that two factors contributed to the high reactivity: the large surface area and the interaction between different oxides. The transition metal oxides with different band gaps have much enhanced photoluminescence under laser stimulation. Use of these complex oxide structures as electrodes can also improve the energy conversion efficiency of solar cells. The mixed oxide complex may provide a promising way to high-efficiency photo emitting materials and photo-catalysts.