• Korean Journal of Child Studies
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.1-14
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• 1987

The purpose of the present research was to study the self-regulation of the child during mother child interaction. That is. this study focused on how mothers regulated children's problem solving efforts before children began to function as independent agents capable of self-regulation. The emphasis was on the "regulation-by-others" that preceded "self-regulation". The subjects of this study were 30 mother-child dyads. The dyads were divided into 3 groups of 10 dyads each on the basis of the child's age (2, 3, and 4 years of age). The instrument used for this study was the "truck puzzle" devised by Wertsch, McNamee, Mclane and Budwig (1980). The problem solving task in this study required the dyad to make a puzzle in accordance with the model puzzle. The interaction of 30 mother-child dyads was observed and analyzed flH verbal and non-verbal behavior used by the mother to regulate the child's behavior. One-way ANOVA, Scheffe post hoc comparision and Spearman's rank-difference correlation were used for the statistical analysis of the data. The results revealed that there were significant age trends in regulation-by-others and self regulation in joint cognitive activity; that is, there were developmental transitions from regulation by-others to self-regulation in connection with crucial strategic behavior (looking at the model). Significant differences were found in mothers' interventions after children's gaze at the model in joint cognitive activity; that is, the mean proportion of mothers' intervention for the 2-year-old group was the highest and that of the 4-year-old group was the lowest. There were no significant age-related differences in mothers' use of referential perspectives in joint cognitive activity. Children's regulation- by-others increased and children's self-regulation decreased in proportion to mothers' use of referential perspectives.

• 한국초등상담교육학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2004.01a
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• pp.271-294
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• 2004

The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of MMTIC group counseling program on self-esteem of elementary school students. The hypothesis was that the self-esteem test scores of experimental group would be significantly higher than those of control group. The subjects were the twenty 5th graders sampled from the 66 5th graders of D Elementary School in Boryeong City based on self-esteem test scores. The 10 subjects were randomly assigned experiment group and others were assigned control group. The self-esteem test by Mun, Yong Woo (2002) modified from the measurement of Kim, Heui Hwa (1989) was administrated as pre and post test. The experimental group has experienced MMTIC group counseling program. On the other hand, the control group has not been given any advice during the counseling periods. The counseling was once a week at two o'clock in the afternoon for ten weeks from the eleventh of May to sixteenth of July in 2003. Each counseling session lasted sixty to eighty minutes. The group counseling program, which has been used in this research, has been adapted to the level of elementary students with the consideration of MBTI and MMTIC Workshop in reference to a few theses related to MMTIC development program (Jung, Gyeong Yeon, 2001: Gang, Jae Jeong, 2002; Lee, Jae Mo 2002). The results were analysed by t-test. These statistics with a quantitative result has been supplemented with a qualitative analysis by a questionnaire and the descriptions of impression of subjects of experimental group. The results of this research was that the analyses of the questionnaire and a description of their impression have shown that the counseling has had an significantly impact on their understanding themselves and others. In particular, this program has been positively conducive to receptive relationships to others. In conclusion, the MMTIC group counseling program has helped elementary students I understand themselves and others, increase receptive competence, encourage their confidence, improve personal relationships and enhance their adaptation to their school life. It suggests that this program has a feasible effect on children's sense of self-esteem.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.41-47
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• 1975

This study was conducted to investigate the influence of nursing education and clinical experience on the fear of death among nursing students and nurses. The fear responses were measured by the Collett-Lester Fear of Death Scale'which is composed of 4 subsale to measure fear of death of self, fear of death of others, fear of dying of self and fear of dying of others. To investigate the influence of nursing education on the fear of death, tile freshmen and the senior class of the nursing students were compared. The senior students were again compared with graduate nurses to investigate the influence of clinical experience on the fear of death. To investigate the possible intuitional difference in the fear response to death among different group of nurses and nursing students, students and nurses from Seoul National University and Korea University were selected to participate in the study. The three hypotheses formulated for this study are as follows: 1, Fear of death will decrease with increased educational level 2. Fear of death will decrease with increased clinical experience. 3. There wi]1 be institutional difference in the fear of death. The results obtained are as follows : 1. There was no significant differences in the fear of death between freshman and senior students. 2. There was no significant differences in the fear of death between senior students and graduate nurses. 3. There was significant difference between nurses and senior students in the subsale of fear of dying of others in which the nurses were found to be more fearful. 4. There wert significant differences in the subsale of fear of dying of self and fear of dying of others between two institutions.

• Journal of Korean Elementary Science Education
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• v.33 no.1
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• pp.115-128
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• 2014

Students' argumentation during science inquiry should be regarded important as it could help students to make meaningful connections between theories and experiments and to make scientific claims based on evidences. In this study, elementary science-gifted students' argumentation during small group inquiry was analyzed according to inquiry process. There were three stages of argumentation during students' inquiry. The first argumentation was to predict what would happen(Prediction stage). In this stage, the scientific problem was presented by concept cartoon as a way to start and to facilitate students' argumentation. The second argumentation was to design an experiment to solve the problem(Planning stage) and the third was to interpret the result of experiment(Interpretation stage). The discourse move, level of grounds and their relationship were analyzed to find the characteristics of argumentation during science inquiry. In terms of discourse move, 'Asking for opinion' was the most frequent whereas 'Claim' or 'Rebuttal' were rare. Students tended to listen to or ask others' opinion rather than provide their own claims or critics on others' opinion. 'Rebuttal' was shown a few times only during prediction and planning stage. There was no single 'Rebuttal' during interpretation stage. Students tended to easily accept or agree other student's interpretation of data instead of arguing their own ideas. In terms of level of grounds, students mostly provided their ideas without any attempt to justify their position. Especially during planning stage, students tended to suggest or decide ways of measuring or controlling variables without any grounds. They used evidences only a few times during prediction stage. In terms of relation between discourse move and level of grounds, students provided grounds most frequently when they dispute others' claims. The level of grounds were higher when they advocate or clarify their own or others' ideas than when they claim their ideas. The result of this study showed that the quality of elementary science-gifted students' argumentation during science inquiry was undesirable in many ways. Implications for scaffolding and facilitating argumentation during science inquiry were discussed.

• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
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• v.6 no.4
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• pp.467-474
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• 2004

The purpose of this study was to identify egocentrism, self-consciousness, and body cathexis between Boys' and Girls' high school students. It helps us to understand them. Also we investigated the correlation between psychological characteristics and clothing behavior of high school students. The questionnaire were administered to 630 boys' and girls' high school students living in Jinju, Gyeongnam, and the data were analyzed by Frequency, Factor Analysis, Pearson's Product Moment Correlation, ANOVA, Multiple Regression Analysis and Duncan test. Egocentrism of high school boys and girls showed middle levels of mean and distribution, and sympathy was the highest at coeducation high School whereas a sense of justice was the highest at boys' high school. Self-consciousness was high level at both boys' and girls' high school, but public self-consciousness was higher than personal one. Both of them were higher in girls' than in boys'. Also body satisfaction was a little high and boys satisfied with their faces, busts, and whole body more than girls. There were significant differences among dressing for others, clothing interest, psychological dependence, exhibition except conformity. Girls have dressing for others, clothing interest, and exhibition more than boys. There were significant positive correlations among dressing for others, clothing interest, psychological dependence, and conformity whereas exhibition was negatively related to clothing behavior. Public self-consciousness, appearance, and popularity were the most influential variables to dressing for others. Also gender was proved to be one of the most influencing factors on students' clothing behavior.

• Journal of rehabilitation welfare engineering & assistive technology
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.29-37
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• 2018

In this research, one's ability to perform activities of daily living, body pain, and emotional states of elders who live alone and elders who live with others were compared to investigate which factors affect senior's health state. The data was collected from 88 seniors and analyzed for the comparison. Compared to seniors who live with others, elders who live alone had lower activity of daily livings, stronger body pain, and instability in emotional states. These 3 aspects showed a statistical significance of correlation. As a result of further analysis, not only residential types(living alone or living with others), but also life pattern(indoor or outdoor) is affected on the results. It is expected that the results of this research could be used as basic data for physiological index to evaluate senior's health state and care service for seniors who live alone.

• Korean Journal of Health Education and Promotion
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.109-125
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• 2007

How an elderly people meets death is the matter of how he has lived his life. It is very important for an elderly people at the last step of his life to re-light up life and to meet death with dignity. The purpose of this study is to investigate where fear or anxiety of death come from among the four dimensins of death anxiety and to compare the differenced between the elderly group and non-elderly group, For this research, the 473 of the subjects from 20 to 80 years old attending social welfare center and community areas in Seoul have been questionned. The summary for the study mentioned the following: First, the overall scores of death anxiety, in the non-aged group, gender and religiosity are important factors affecting the decrease of death anxiety, On the other hand, in the aged group, self-respect, death readiness and number of friends are significant factors. Secondly, for death anxiety of self, age and spouse are significant relationships among non-aged group and gender, death readiness and number of friends for aged-group. In the dying of self, the following each three significant variables: gender, self-respect and spouse among non-aged group and gender, self-respect and number of friends among aged group. In death anxiety of others, age, view on next world and spouse are best predictor for non-aged group. Finally, family-relationship, self-respect and spouse are significant factors for aged group. In dying of others, only one factors are influenced for non-aged group, on the other hand, gender, self-respect and death readiness are important factors for aged group. There remains the need for more detailed examination into the nature of this relationship and the extent to which core components strongly affecting the above subscales.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.11 no.10
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• pp.242-256
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• 2011

The activity to share personal daily life through social media is becoming more common. In this case, photographs as well as text are used a lot; it has been as easy as winking to clip others' photographs just as it's very easy to take and post pictures. If the picture is the photographic work protected by the copyright law, however, the clipping should be paid close attention. If you use others' photographic works without authorization, you infringe their copyright; if you post them on your social media such as blog, you infringe the right of reproduction, interactive transmission and exhibition. Even though the clipping is permitted, if you'd like to use the photographic works for a profit-making purpose, you should get additional authorization. Others' photographic works are occasionally altered and used for the purpose of avoiding the argument in relation to the infringement of copyright; this act means that it's the infringement of the right of reproduction, the right to preserve the integrity and the right of the production of derivative works for degrees of alteration. We can download others' photographic works with a few mouse clicks thanks to the technology of capturing the screen; we have to recognize that all the acts technically possible are not always legal.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.389-406
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• 1992

This study was designed to identify nursing students' attitudes toward life through a Q-methodology. A Q-sample was formed through a review of the literature and interviews(n＝160)l The final Q-sample consisted of 37 statements out of an initial 100 statements after consultation with an expert panel and pilot testing. The P-sample consisted of 14 university nursing students and 27 junior college nursing students, which was selected by convenience sampling method. Data were analyzed by the Q-analysis method. The correlation between type 2 and type 3 was relatively high (r＝0.539) ; that between type 1 and type 3 was lowest (r＝0.014). The first type of attitude was the “rational utilitarian” type. Students in this type valued life relative to the quality of life. They agreed with euthanasia and artificial abortion if the quality of life was threatened. The criteria for their judgement were scientific knowledge and rationality. The second type of attitude was the “Christian deontologic” type. These students appreciated the sanctity of life according to Christian dogma. They disagreed with euthanasia and artficial abortion. And they disagreed strongly that life should be created by scientific development, because only God creates life. The third type of attitude was the “unconditional deontologic” type. These students agreed with the sanctity of life, not from Christian belief but from belief in the sanctity of life. The final type of attitude was the “prima facie(conditional) deonologic” type. These students appreciated the value of life and humanity. They expressed concern for others' life and suffering. They do not want to afflict others with their own miseries. This group showed a dual value system toward themselves and others. So they experience conflict between their concern for their on and others' conditions. These nursing students' values may have been influenced by their clinical experience in hospitals and other nursing fields. Through this study, we may realize the importance of education in nursing ethics for discussion of ethical conflicts and to support ethical nursing practice.

• Korean Journal of Biological Psychiatry
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.239-244
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• 2011

Objectives Schizophrenic patients have been shown to be impaired in both emotional self-awareness and recognition of others' facial emotions. Alexithymia refers to the deficits in emotional self-awareness. The relationship between alexithymia and recognition of others' facial emotions needs to be explored to better understand the characteristics of emotional deficits in schizophrenic patients. Methods Thirty control subjects and 31 schizophrenic patients completed the Toronto Alexithymia Scale-20-Korean version (TAS-20K) and facial emotion recognition task. The stimuli in facial emotion recognition task consist of 6 emotions (happiness, sadness, anger, fear, disgust, and neutral). Recognition accuracy was calculated within each emotion category. Correlations between TAS-20K and recognition accuracy were analyzed. Results The schizophrenic patients showed higher TAS-20K scores and lower recognition accuracy compared with the control subjects. The schizophrenic patients did not demonstrate any significant correlations between TAS-20K and recognition accuracy, unlike the control subjects. Conclusions The data suggest that, although schizophrenia may impair both emotional self-awareness and recognition of others' facial emotions, the degrees of deficit can be different between emotional self-awareness and recognition of others' facial emotions. This indicates that the emotional deficits in schizophrenia may assume more complex features.