• 대한치과의사협회지
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• 제48권4호
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• pp.263-274
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• 2010

I classified the bone graft material according to the component. Most bone graft material is composed of inorganic and organic constituent. Organic component such DBM is associated with osteoinduction. Inorganic components such as hydroxyapatite, $\beta$-TCP, calcium sulfate, bioactive glass, polymer are associated with osteoconduction. Autogenous bone graft is ideal material. We can select any biocompatible material for the restoration of small filling defect with intact bony wall. However, we should select first osteogenetic and osteoinductive material to regenerate the viable bone tissue.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• 제36권3호
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• pp.161-171
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• 2010

Introduction: This study was to assess the effectiveness of new bone formation and regeneration by using a rhBMP-2 and $\beta-TCP$ as a carrier in rabbits’mandible. Materials and Methods: The mandibles of 36 rabbits were exposed and cortical bone was penetrated for this study. The experimental subjects were divided into 3 groups each 12 rabbits ; control group, experimental group 1, and experimental group 2. Control group had the defect itself without any treatment, in the experimental group 1, $\beta-TCP$P only was grafted, and in the experimental group 2, rhBMP-2 soaked in $\beta-TCP$ was grafted. The rabbits were sacrificed after 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, and 8weeks, and new bone formation area was examined and measured for bone quantitative and qualitative analysis with light, fluorescent and polarized microscopy. Results: In the experimental group 1, new bone formation from the adjacent host bone was made by osteoconduction, and in the experimental group 2, direct new bone formation by osteoinduction of rhBMP-2 as well as new bone formation by osteoconduction of $\beta-TCP$ were observed. Conclusion: rhBMP-2 of experimental group 2 is very effective in the bone formation in early 2weeks and bone remodelling from 3weeks.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• 제33권2호
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• pp.144-148
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• 2011

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of a novel bone grafting material using an autogeneous tooth (AutoBT) and provide the basis for its clinical application. The AutoBT contains organic and inorganic mineral components and is prepared from autogenous grafting material, thus eliminating the risk of immune reactions that may lead to its rejection. AutoBT can be used as bone material as is has both osteoinduction and osteoconduction activities at guided bone regeneration for implant placement and maxillary sinus graft. Methods: In a total of 63 patients, guided bone regeneration surgery was performed at the time of implant placement, and tissue samples were harvested at the time of the second surgery with the patient's consent. Results: There were no complications in guided bone regeneration using autogeneous tooth. Conclusion: We concluded that AutoBT underwent gradual resorption and was replaced by new bone of excellent quality via osteoinduction and osteoconduction.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• 제38권1호
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• pp.2-8
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• 2012

Introduction: Auto-tooth bone graft material consists of 55% inorganic hydroxyapatite (HA) and 45% organic substances. Inorganic HA possesses properties of bone in terms of the combining and dissociating of calcium and phosphate. The organic substances include bone morphogenetic protein and proteins which have osteoinduction capacity, as well as the type I collagen identical to that found in alveolar bone. Auto-tooth bone graft material is useful as it supports excellent bone regeneration capacity and minimizes the possibility of foreign body reaction,genetic diseases and disease transmission. Materials and Methods: Implant placement combined with osteoinductive regeneration,preservation of extraction socket, maxillary sinus augmentation, and ridge augmentation using block type,powder type, and block+powder type autobone graft materialwere performed for 250 patients with alveolar bone defect and who visited the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, College of Dentistry, Dankook University from September 2009 to August 2011. Results: Clinical assessment: Among the 250 patients of auto-tooth bone graft, clinical assessment was performed for 133 cases of implant placement. The average initial stabilization of placed implants was 74 implant stability quotient (ISQ). Radiological assessment: The average loss of crestal bone in the mandible as measured 6 months on the average after the application of prosthesis load was 0.29 mm, ranging from 0 mm to 3.0 mm. Histological assessment: In the histological assessment, formation of new bone, densified lamellated bone, trabecular bones, osteoblast, and planting fixtures were investigated. Conclusion: Based on these results, we concluded that auto-tooth bone graft material should be researched further as a good bone graft material with osteoconduction and osteoinduction capacities to replace autogenous bone, which has many limitations.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• 제35권5호
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• pp.294-301
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• 2013

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to assess the effectiveness of beta-tricalciumphosphate (${\beta}$-TCP) as a bone graft material on new bone formation and regeneration of mandible bone defect around dental implants. Methods: Both mandibular sites of ten rabbits were exposed. The experimental subjects were divided into two groups. Rabbits in the control group (right site of the mandible) had dental implants around cortical bone defects, without treatment, while, in the experimental group (left site of the mandible), ${\beta}$-TCP was grafted into the bone defect around the implant. Rabbits were sacrificed after one, two, three, four, and eight weeks, and histomorphometric evaluation and analysis of the bone implant contact rate were performed using an optical microscope. Results: Bone formation rates in the experimental group were greater than those in the control group from one to eight weeks, and percentages of implant surface contacted to bone were greater in the experimental group than in the control group from three weeks after implantation. Conclusion: These results suggest that the bone formation activity around dental implants was increased by osteoconduction activity of ${\beta}$-TCP.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.1-12
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• 1999

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the healing process of the calvarial defect filled with hydroxylapatite(HA) and $TGF-{\beta}$ in Rat. 72 Sprague-Dawly rats were divided into 3 groups, control and two experimental groups. Bony defect were artificially prepared in the calvaria of all 72 rats and followed by implantation of HA (experimental group of 24 rats) and HA+$TGF-{\beta}$(another experimental group of 24 rats) into the defects. Sequential sacrifice was performed at 1, 2, 4, 6, 8, 12 weeks of experiment. Obtained specimen was stained with Hematoxylin and Eosin, Masson's Trichrome and Immunohistochemistry. The results were as follows, 1. Granulation tissue was prominent on control group in 1 and 2 weeks. Bony defects were filled with dense fibrous tissue through the whole experimental period and osteoinduction could not be observed in all groups. 2. Inflammatory cell infiltration was prominent on control group in 1 and 2 weeks and osteoclastic activity was high in HA implanted experimental group at 1 and 2 weeks. 3. Inflammatory cell infiltration was less and maturation of fibrous tissue could be found on HA+$TGF-{\beta}$ implanted experimental group at 1 and 2 weeks. 4. Osteoconduction activity was high in HA+$TGF-{\beta}$ implanted experimental group at 2 and 4 weeks but there was no difference after 6 weeks among 3 groups. 5. In grafted site of HA+$TGF-{\beta}$ implanted group, osteonectin expression was slightly increased from 1 week to 6 weeks. In the host site, it was increased from 1 to 4weeks. 6. In grafted site of HA+$TGF-{\beta}$ implanted group, osteocalcin expression was high at 4 weeks. In the host site, we could find the difference among 3 groups. From above results, the HA with mixture of $TGF-{\beta}$ has the potentiality of promoting bone formation in the bony defect area in the rat.

• 한국산학기술학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국산학기술학회 2011년도 추계학술논문집 1부
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• pp.330-333
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• 2011

Allomatrix (Wright Medical Tech, Inc., USA), is a newly designed, injectable putty with a reliable demineralized bone matrix(DBM), derived from human bone. The compound contains 86% DBM and other bone growth factors such as bone morphogenic protein (BMP)-2, BMP-4, insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-1, and transforming growth factor (TGF)-${\beta}1$. It has excellent os-teoinduction abilities. In addition, DBM is known to have osteoconduction capacity as a scaffold due to its collagen matrix. This product contains a powder, which is a mix of DBM and surgical grade calcium sulfate as a carrier. A practitioner can blend the powder with calcium sulfate solution, making a putty-type material which has the advantages of ease of handling, better fixation, and no need for a membrane, because it can function as membrane itself. This study reports the clinical and radiographic results of various guided bone regeneration cases using Allomatrix, demonstrating its strong potential as a graft material.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• 제33권4호
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• pp.693-703
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• 2003

The present study evaluated the effects of guided tissue regeneration using xenograft material(deproteinated bovine bone powder), with and without Calcium sulfate membrane in beagle dogs. Contralateral fenestration defects (6 ${\times}$ 4 mm) were created 4 mm apical to the buccal alveolar crest of maxillary premolar teeth in 5 beagle dogs. Deproteinated bovine bone powders were implanted into fenestration defect and one randomly covered Calcium sulfate membrane (experimental group). Calcium sulfate membrane was used to provide GTR. Tissue blocks including defects with soft tissues which were harvested following four & eight weeks healing interval, prepared for histo-phathologic analysis. The results of this study were as follows, 1. In control group, at 4 weeks after surgery, new bony trabecular contacted with interstitial tissue and osteocytes lie cell were arranged in new bony trabecule. Bony lamellation was not observed. 2. In control group , at 8 weeks after surgery, scar-like interstitial tissue was filled defect and bony trabecule form lamellation. New bony trabecular was contacted with interstitial tissue but defect was not filled yet. 3. In experimental group, at 4 weeks after surgery, new bony trabecular partially recovered around damaged bone. But new bony trabecule was observed as irregularity and lower density. 4. In experimental group, at 8 weeks after surgery, lamella bone trabecular developed around bone cavity and damaged tissue was replaced with dense interstitial tissue. In conclusion, new bone formation regenerated more in experimental than control groups and there was seen observe more regular bony trabecular in experimental than control groups at 4 weeks after surgery. In control group, at 8 weeks after surgery, the defects was filled with scar-like interstitial tissue but, in experimental group, the defects was connected with new bone. Therefore xenograft material had osteoconduction but could not fill the defects. We thought that the effective regeneration of periodontal tissue, could be achieved using GTR with Calcium sulfate membrane.

• 대한골관절종양학회지
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.139-147
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• 2003

목적: 양성 골종양을 치료하기 위해 골이식 대체물을 이식하였을 때 골 유합을 얻을 수 있는지 여부와 골 이식 대체물 중 황산칼슘(calcium sulfate)과 수산화인회석 (hydroxyapatite)을 이용하여, 골 이식술 후 유합 정도를 비교하여 골 치유 과정에 대한 두가지 골 이식 대체물의 차이점을 보고하고자 한다. 대상 및 방법: 양성 골종양 환자 중 병소의 소파술 시행 후 골 이식 대체물을 이식한 20례를 대상으로 술전후 단순 방사선 소견상 병소 크기, 신생골의 형성, 병소의 재발 여부와 이식 후 조직학적 소견을 관찰하였다. 결과: 총 20례 중 남자가 13례, 여자가 7례였으며 평균 연령은 15.8세(2~5), 술 후 평균 추시 기간은 3년이었다. 방사선 사진상 병소의 면적은 평균 30.7 $cm^3$였으며, 최종 추시상 전체 20례 중 19례에서 성공적인 결과를 보였으며, 1례에서 병소의 재발을 보였다. 나이, 병소 크기와 병변 종류에 따른 차이는 관찰되지 않았다. 결론: 황산칼슘은 생체 적합성이 뛰어나고, 골 전도 작용이 있으며 새로운 골형성에 비례하여 생체내로 흡수되는 특성을 보였고, 이에 반해 수산화인회석은 골 전도 작용이 있지만, 병변의 크기나 주위 환경에 따라 자가골, 자가 골수 이식, 이종골과 병행 사용시 양호한 골치환 결과를 얻을 수 있을 것으로 사료되며, 황산칼슘에 비해 더 느리게 생체내로 흡수되는 결과를 보였다.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• 제34권3호
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• pp.209-214
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• 2012

This case report assessed the three-year follow-up results after autogenous and xenogenic bone grafts of the jaw. Autogenous particulated bone with osteogenesis and osteoinductive properties and xenogenic Bio-Oss$^{(R)}$ (Geistlich Pharma AG, Wolhusen, Switzerland) graft materials with osteoconductive propertes were grafted into cystic cavities that remained after multiple cystic enucleation in the right upper posterior maxilla and the left lower posterior mandible. Six months later, increased radiopacity in the grafted area was seen. Three-year follow-up results with clinical and panoramic radiography after autogenous and xenogenic bony mixtures in jaw are reviewed and discussed.