• 무역상무연구
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• 제49권
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• pp.493-518
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• 2011

The term rules of origin(RoO) actually speaks for itself, referring to the rules which determine the origin of goods in international trade. The importance of RoO has grown significantly as preferential agreements expand and countries have treated similar imported goods differently according to where the product was made. The purpose of this paper is to study the main case study and its implication of RoO in FTAs. According to survey, the degree of using FTAs in Korea export firms is sharply low. Major reasons are that rules of origin differ from country to country in the FTAs, and that Korean firms have yet to work out what the RoO are. Chapter II of this paper views criteria of the determination country of origin of goods. Chapter III introduces the main case study of FTA rules of origin. Chapter VI presents implication through the case studies and finally concluded this study. In conclusion, Korea needs to build up its own position for rules of origin and provides rules of origin experts into the market. In-depth study and evaluation about Korea's existing FTAs RoO should be carried out to prepare for future FTAs.

• 통상정보연구
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.23-46
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• 2012

한국의 대 베트남 교역 확대도 한국의 투자 증가에 기인하며 특히 한국으로부터 수입은 대부분 중간재로서 베트남의 수출과 고용에 크게 기여하고 있다. 최근 양국 정상은 2015년까지 교역액 200억 달러를 달성하기 위해 노력하기로 합의하기도 하였다(kotra.or.kr). 이처럼 한국과 베트남의 투자 및 교역의 증가는 계속되고 있는 상황에서 베트남에서 생산되는 제품이 한국 국내 시장에 계속 증가하여 베트남 제품에 대한 한국 소비자들의 인식 또한 점차 개선되고 있다고 볼 수 있다. 본 연구는 한국 소비자가 베트남 제품을 구매할 때, 베트남에 대한 국가 이미지 또는 베트남 제품에 대한 이미지가 베트남 제품을 구매할 때 어떠한 영향을 미칠 것인가에 대해 실증적으로 연구하고자 한다. 분석결과 베트남 정치적 이미지에 따른 베트남산 원산지 효과는 부정적으로 나타났다. 이는 베트남이 개방을 하였다하더라고 공산주의 체제를 유지하고 있기 때문이기도 하다. 그리고 또한 사회적 이미지가 원산지 효과에 미치는 영향도 부정적 효과를 가지고 있다. 그러나 문화적 이미지, 경제적 이미지, 국제적 이미지에 따른 베트남 원산지 효과는 유의하게 나타났다. 그리고 이와 같은 원산지 효과가 베트남 제품의 재구매 의도에도 유의하게 나타났음을 알 수 있다.

• 통상정보연구
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• 제13권3호
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• pp.143-166
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• 2011

현재 원산지 규정이 국제무역상 쟁점으로 등장하게 된 주된 이유는 원산지규정이 각 국가마다 상이할 뿐만 아니라 그 자체의 불명확성, 복잡성, 차별적 적용 가능성으로 인해 상당한 무역장벽으로 작용하고 있기 때문이다. 또한, 생산의 글로벌화 글로벌 기업 활동이 증가함에 따라 2개국 이상에 걸쳐 생산된 물품이 증가하여 해당품목의 원산지가 어디인지 결정 문제가 발생하는 사례가 발생한다. 본 연구에서는 원산지규정에 관한 가장 기초적이고 기본적인 연구로 원산지 결정기준에 대해 연구하였다. 이를 위해 한 미국 FTA, 한 EU FTA, 한 ASEAN FTA 원산지규정을 연구 대상으로 하여 관련 사례를 구체적으로 분석하여, 상호 비교를 통해 시사점을 파악하고자 하였다. 분석 결과, 한 미 FTA, 한 EU FTA와 한 ASEAN FTA로 원산지결정은 부가가치기준(value percentage content), HS 세번변경기준(change of tariff heading), 특정공정기준(specific process rule) 등이 이용되며 실질변형기준은 한 미 FTA에서는 역내에서 창출된 부가가치가 일정 수준 이상이면 그 국가를 원산지로 인정하는 방식 (RVC : Regional Value Content)을 인정하고 있으며, 한편, 한 EU FTA에서는 역외산 부품 및 원재료의 금액이나 수량이 일정 기준 이하로 사용되는 경우 원산지자격을 부여하는 방식 (MC : Import Content)을 인정하고 있다.

• 한국의류학회지
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• 제28권6호
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• pp.723-733
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• 2004

This study was designed to find out the effects of country-of-origin and price on the perceived quality, perceived value and purchase willingness of t-shirt products. This study will allow marketers to find the target consumers and to choose both the suitable country -of -origin and the reasonable selling price. This study was based on theoretical and empirical methods. For the empirical methodology, 3${\times}$3 between subjects factorial design with country-of-origin (U.S.A. vs. Korea vs. China) and price(high price vs. middle price vs. low price) was used. The nine types surveys by country-of-origin and price were transmitted to 960 undergraduate and graduate school students in Seoul. A total of 912 questionnaires were used in the final statistical analyses using factor analysis, MANOVA, Duncan test, and Tukey test. The results of this study were as follows: First, in the case of the perceived quality, participants evaluated t-shirt products better when the origin is U.S.A. followed by Korea and China in the order. Second, price affected the perceived value and purchase willingness. In the perceived value and purchase willingness, low priced t-shirt products were evaluated higher than the middle and high priced ones. Third, in the perceived quality, high priced Korean t-shirt products were evaluated lower than high and middle priced American t-shin products. In the perceived value, low priced Chinese t-shirt products were evaluated lower than middle priced Korean t-shirt products. In the purchase willingness, low priced American and low priced Korean t-shirt products and middle priced Korean t-shirt products were evaluated higher than all priced Chinese t-shirt products.

• 한국식생활문화학회지
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• 제21권5호
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• pp.439-445
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• 2006

The purpose of this study was to measure respondent's demographic characteristics, respondent's attitudes toward chicken, and factor influencing on the level of perceived helpfulness of country of origin in predicting the quality of chicken. The data was collected through a consumer survey during the March 2006. A total number of 250 meat consumers living in Suncheon, the eastern part of Chonnam, were randomly selected as respondents. Eleven respondents did not complete the survey instrument, resulting in a final sample size of 239. All estimations were carried out using chi-square, correlation, and logistic procedure of SAS package. The results are as follows. The level of perceived helpfulness of country of origin in predicting the quality of chicken was significantly different by age and occupation of demographic variables, and was significantly correlated with respondent informed of attitude variables. The proportional odds assumption of model was not violated at p<0.05. The effects of income, occupation and respondent informed on the level of perceived helpfulness of country of origin in predicting the quality of chicken. The results from this study could be useful in developing marketing and health promotion strategies, as well as government trade policy.

• Asia Marketing Journal
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.193-215
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• 2009

This paper reports the country of origin and brand trust perceptions of 102 Nepali consumers living in Kathmandu. The paper also explores these Nepali consumers' perceptions of global brands. Three major findings are reported: (1) For these Nepali consumers, the importance of buying a global brand is exceptionally important in their purchase decisions. (2) Nepali women consistently rate the importance of buying a global brand higher than Nepali men. (3) The set of global brands most trusted by these Nepali consumers show strong regional, Asian preferences. The paper also discusses the challenges of market research in Nepal.

• 아태비즈니스연구
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• 제1권2호
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• pp.1-21
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• 2010

A good brand name is very important for the success of a product. A thoughtful brand name can convey information that can influence potential customers in a positive way. Thus marketers often formulate brand names intended to explicitly or implicitly play a role in influencing customer perceptions. One way of doing this is to have a brand name bearing connotations to a foreign country. In general, prior research on country-of-origin effects has not adequately focused on exploring brand name connotation and its effect on product evaluation. This research presents a conceptual framework for determining if/how brand name connotation to a foreign country affects product evaluation. Specifically, this paper reviews relevant literature pertaining to country-of-origin and brand name connotation, discusses a conceptualization, proposes research hypotheses, and outlines procedures for collecting data to evaluate the proposed hypotheses.

• 한국의류학회지
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• 제31권7호
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• pp.1085-1096
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• 2007

Globalization of market has put considerable research activities in cosmopolitism and nationalism. In addition, consumer's perception of product's country of origin is widely regarded as an important influence on their shopping behavior. The objective of this paper is to investigate the joint effect of cosmopolitanism and nationalism on shopping orientation and awareness of the country of origin of fashion products among Korean young consumers. Data from 471 young Korean consumers were analyzed. According to the cosmopolitanism/nationalism measure, respondents were segmented into three groups: global, local and glocal group. Results indicated that global and glocal consumers value symbolic and non-conforming aspects of fashion product shopping and were more interested in country of origin of products than local consumers. Global consumers showed higher level of foreign product preference than local and glocal consumers. Some managerial implication for marketing practitioners was suggested.

• Asia Marketing Journal
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• 제10권4호
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• pp.65-98
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• 2009

본 연구에서는 원산지에 대한 적개심이 제품에 대한 평가, 태도 및 구매의도에 미치는 영향력을 실증적으로 분석하였다. 전형성이 낮은 제품과 높은 제품 간에 원산지에 대한 적개심의 영향력이 어떻게 달라지는 가를 분석하였고, 원산지와 제조국이 일치 혹은 불일치하는 경우 간에도 원산지에 대한 적개심의 영향력이 어떻게 나타나는 가를 비교 분석하였다. 연구목적 달성을 위해 서울 및 수도권 소재 대학에 재학 중인 학생을 대상으로 실험을 실시하였다. 실험 결과, 원산지 적개심은 제품에 대한 태도와 구매의도에 부정적 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 또한, 전형성이 높은 제품보다는 낮은 제품인 경우에 원산지에 대한 적개심의 부정적 영향력이 크게 나타났다. 한편, 원산지와 제조국이 일치하는 경우와 일치하지 않는 경우 간에는 원산지에 대한 적개심의 부정적 영향력이 다르게 나타나지 않았다. 그렇지만, 전형성이 낮은 제품에 있어서는 원산지와 제조국이 불일치하는 경우에 적개심의 부정적 영향력이 더 크게 나타나는 경향이 발견되었는데, 이는 가설의 예측과는 상반되는 결과였다. 실증분석 결과를 토대로, 연구의 학문적 및 실무적 시사점을 논의하였다. 끝으로, 향후 연구방향과 연구의 한계점을 제시하였다.

• 무역상무연구
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• 제41권
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• pp.267-292
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• 2009

It is a right time to improve the Korea Foreign Trade Act(KFTA) as a fundamental law on Rules of Origin(RoO) in the global trade circumstances which are summarized FTA and WTO. The KFTA's RoO constitutes the labelling system of the Country of Origin, the criterion of it, the issuing of certificate of origin and the punishing offender mainly around the importing goods. This study has focused on the problems of KFTA's RoO at the macro and practical level, and proposed the programs to improve the KFTA's RoO about importing, exporting and domestic production goods. KFTA need to create a purpose clause to protect consumers and industries also, and has to be located a general and top position in the RoO of Korea. In the concrete, the labelling system of the Country of Origin has to set limited in the point of minimum necessity view. The criterion of the Country of Origin also has to improve the wholly obtained criterion, the changing in tariff classification criterion, value added criterion and processing operation criterion to harmonize WTO Rules of Origin and FTA Rules of Origin. The punishment ceiling against offender has to raise to guarantee the effectiveness of RoO.