• Journal of Korean Library and Information Science Society
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• v.10
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• pp.95-131
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• 1983

Index is a systematic guide to items contained in, or concepts derived from, a collection, Thus, it is represented as a paired set of index terms (t) and documents (D) : I= {(t,D) vertical bar t .mem. V, D .mem. W), where V is index vocabulary and W is document collection. Indexing is the process of analysing the informational content of records of knowledge and expressing the informational content in the language of the indexing system. It involves: 1) Selecting indexable concepts in a document; and 2) expressing these concepts in the language of the indexing system (as index entries): and an ordered list. Indexing process involves technical, semantic and syntactic problems. Technical problems are related to the accuracy of indexing, which is primarily governed by the indexer's ability of analysing subject, identifying indexable concepts, and coding. The proper levels of indexing exhaustivity, and index language specificity are also significant factors affecting the quality of index. Semantic problems are related to the choice of index terms and the form in which they should be used. Equivalent, hierarchical and affinitive/associative relationships of index terms are involved. Syntactic problems are largely related to the coordination of index terms. This process of coordination arises from the need to be able to search for the intersection of two or more classes defined by terms denoting distinct concepts. Finally, most valuable aspects of alphabetical subject indexing theories and practices are derived from those of Cutter, Kaiser, Ranganathan, Coates, Lynch and Austin, and discussed in details.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Information and Commucation Sciences Conference
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• 2007.06a
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• pp.336-339
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• 2007

A new query model is required to match requirements of stream-based applications such as patient monitoring system, since traditional DBMSs are not designed to provide continuous queries over stream data. In the patient monitoring system, there are many types of biomedical signals such as blood pressure and temperature, and these signals gathered by biomedical sensors should be treated as a stream, that is an ordered set of signals. In this paper, we categorized all possible queries to be used in patient monitoring system by four types of queries. Then, we have proposed a new sliding window query model which is capable of expressing these four types of queries.

• Honam Mathematical Journal
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• v.36 no.2
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• pp.253-261
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• 2014

In this paper, we first will show that for any space X and any Wallman sublattice $\mathcal{A}$ of $\mathcal{R}(X)$ with $Z(X)^{\sharp}{\subseteq}\mathcal{A}$, (${\Phi}^{-1}_{\mathcal{A}}(X)$, ${\Phi}_{\mathcal{A}}$) is the minimal quasi-F cover of X if and only if (${\Phi}^{-1}_{\mathcal{A}}(X)$, ${\Phi}_{\mathcal{A}}$) is a quasi-F cover of X and $\mathcal{A}{\subseteq}\mathcal{Q}_X$. Using this, if X is a locally weakly Lindel$\ddot{o}$f space, the set {$\mathcal{A}|\mathcal{A}$ is a Wallman sublattice of $\mathcal{R}(X)$ with $Z(X)^{\sharp}{\subseteq}\mathcal{A}$ and ${\Phi}^{-1}_{\mathcal{A}}(X)$ is the minimal quasi-F cover of X}, when partially ordered by inclusion, has the minimal element $Z(X)^{\sharp}$ and the maximal element $\mathcal{Q}_X$. Finally, we will show that any Wallman sublattice $\mathcal{A}$ of $\mathcal{R}(X)$ with $Z(X)^{\sharp}{\subseteq}\mathcal{A}{\subseteq}\mathcal{Q}_X$, ${\Phi}_{\mathcal{A}_X}:{\Phi}^{-1}_{\mathcal{A}}(X){\rightarrow}X$ is $z^{\sharp}$-irreducible if and only if $\mathcal{A}=\mathcal{Q}_X$.

• Communications for Statistical Applications and Methods
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.517-530
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• 2008

In this paper we introduce a time series model using the triangle fuzzy numbers in order to construct a statistical relation for the data which is a sequence of observations which are ordered in time. To estimate the proposed fuzzy model we split of a universal set includes all observation into closed intervals and determine a number and length of the closed interval by the frequency of events belong to the interval. Also we forecast the data by using a difference between observations when the fuzzified numbers equal at successive times. To investigate the efficiency of the proposed model we compare the ordinal and the fuzzy time series model using examples.

• Macromolecular Research
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• v.17 no.6
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• pp.365-377
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• 2009

In this feature article, we briefly review the new methods we have utilized recently in the investigation of morphology and phase behavior of block copolymers. We first describe the chromatographic fractionation method to purify block copolymers from their side products of mainly homopolymers or block copolymer precursors inadvertently terminated upon addition of the next monomer in the sequential anionic polymerization. The chromatographic method is extended to the fractionation of the individual block of diblock copolymers which can yield the diblock copolymer fractions of different composition and molecular weight, which also have narrower distributions in both molecular weight and composition. A more detailed phase diagram could be constructed from the set of block copolymer fractions without the need of acquiring many block copolymers each prepared by anionic polymerization. The fractions with narrow distribution in both molecular weight and composition exhibit better long-range ordering and sharper phase transition. Next, epitaxial relationships between two ordered structures in block copolymer thin film is discussed. We employed the direct visualization method, transmission electron microtomography(TEMT) to scrutinize the grain boundary structure.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Railway
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.341-347
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• 2011

In this paper, studied was the application of IT and sensor technology to trains in order to provide safety and convenience for passengers. One of applications is Lavatory Emergency Detection System in a train. Since a lavatory in a train is securely separated space, it is hard to notice an emergency inside of it unless a user sends a request for help. A system that can detect an emergency by using sensors was presented. System requirements were analyzed to design and implement a system. Prototype of the system was made. Then, tests in a laboratory were carried out based on a set of test plan to verify the system functions. Performance was turned out to be very successful. The system developed may have a chance to be installed according to the requirements of specifications of the train to be ordered.

• ETRI Journal
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• v.33 no.5
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• pp.661-669
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• 2011

In this paper, we propose an efficient soft-output signal detection method for spatially multiplexed multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) systems. The proposed method is based on the ordered successive interference cancellation (OSIC) algorithm, but it significantly improves the performance of the original OSIC algorithm by solving the error propagation problem. The proposed method combines this enhanced OSIC algorithm with a multiple-channel-ordering technique in a very efficient way. As a result, the log likelihood ratio values can be computed by using a very small set of candidate symbol vectors. The proposed method has been synthesized with a 0.13-${\mu}m$ CMOS technology for a $4{\times}4$ 16-QAM MIMO system. The simulation and implementation results show that the proposed detector provides a very good solution in terms of performance and hardware complexity.

• Journal of Korean Society of Rural Planning
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.61-71
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• 2009

The objective of this research was to analyze the determinants of demand for residential settlements in rural societies. A significant aspect of the demand analysis was to consider depopulation classification as a moderating variable with a view to its role as an essential dividing factor of socioeconomic characteristics and physical environments of the areas of concern. The data collection for analysis was divided according to types of depopulation into the three categories of less developed, stagnated, and developed areas. For the cause and effect analysis between the residential demand and factors of settlement, the ordered probit model was applied. Significant determinants of settlement demand unfolded according to depopulation types. In the case of less developed areas, residential demand was affected significantly by the factors of daily life convenience and public facilities. Key settlement demand determinants of stagnated regions included the aspects of basic natural environment, daily life convenience and education. Meanwhile, key settlement demand determinants for developed areas included education and agriculture economic aspects. The importance-performance analysis was also applied to a set of settlement characteristics of rural communities to figure out the settlement factors requiring urgent endeavor to improve.

• Journal of architectural history
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• v.30 no.5
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• pp.7-16
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• 2021

According to 「Hwangnyongsa Temple Central Column Record」 among the remaining documents, under reconstruction the pagoda of Hwangnyongsa&s 9th floor was completed in July 872 on the lunar calendar. At that time, King Kyeongmun worried about sarira under its central column, saying the central column does not move, and then He ordered to lift the central column. So his servants lifted it on November 6th 872 and checked the sarira and put it back on November 25th on the lunar calendar. 「Hwangnyongsa Temple Central Column Record」 did not document how to lift the central column which is tens of meters. therefore, this study inferred the way the central column of the pagoda of Hwangnyongsa was lifted in 872, left as a mystery. For that, this study set various hypotheses and it researched and analyzed hoisting technique that is a way to lift the pagoda of Hwangnyongsa and a column. In conclusion, this study inferred the most suitable hoisting technique for the pagoda of Hwangnyongsa at that time, based on the research and analysis of each chapter.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.49 no.2
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• pp.161-170
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• 2019

Background: Quality ratings could provide vital information to help people in choosing a nursing home. Purpose: This study investigated factors aligned with quality ratings of nursing homes. Methods: We employed a cross-sectional descriptive design to assess publicly available data on 1,354 nursing homes with 30 or more beds in the Republic of Korea. After excluding 289 nursing homes with no reported quality-evaluation ratings, we analyzed the 2015 data of 1,065 nursing homes. To prevent multicollinearity among independent variables, we carefully selected the final set of variables based on clinical and theoretical meaningfulness to direct nursing care. Quality, the ordinal outcome, was scored from 1 to 5 with a higher score indicating higher quality of the organization. We constructed a multivariate ordered logistic regression model. Results: Higher quality ratings of nursing homes was significantly related to the number of unoccupied beds (OR=0.99, p=.024), registered nurses (RNs) (OR=1.30, p=.003), qualified care workers (OR=1.03, p=.011), cognitive-improvement programs (OR=1.05, p=.024), and other programs for residents' activities (OR=1.09, p<.001). Conclusion: The number of RNs had the strongest influence on the publicly reported quality rating, while the rating of qualified care workers demonstrated little effect and that of nursing assistants had no effect. The number of RNs could be used as a crucial indicator for high-quality homes; more resident-engaging programs also demonstrated better quality of nursing home care.