• Management & Information Systems Review
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.135-151
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• 2013

The study has been carried out to understand productivity-related factors that have been connected to improve financial independence rate of national university hospital. In order to achieve such research purpose as working out implications of efficient resource management, data from the four years between 2007 to 2010 of 12 national university hospitals were reviewed. According to the results, the hospitals came up with significant differences in Value Added to Total Asset, Value Added to Tangible Fixed Assets, Value Added to Personnel Expenses and Value Added Ratio to Patient Revenues. In addition, after the relation between the investment efficiency and profitability of the national university hospitals was investigated, it was learned that application of basic environmental factors would have an influence on a profitability index Operating Margin. As long as the basic environmental factors are adopted, Operating Margin of the national university hospitals is improved under the condition that the Value Added to Tangible Fixed Assets for Production and the Value Added to Personnel Expenses gets higher but the Value Added Ratio to Patient Revenues gets lowered.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.36 no.10
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• pp.1083-1093
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• 2003

Efficient financial management is a critical factor in achieving school foodservice goals. The objective of this study was to suggest efficient financial management practices in secondary school foodservices. In pursuit of this objective, we first identified performance indexes for measuring the success of financial management. Second, we suggested financial management standards, financial data classification methods and a report system. Last, we analyzed operating ratios with the financial data of self-operated and contract-managed school food services. The data were collected through an open-ended questionnaire from 10 middle/high school foodservices in Seoul and Kyeonggi Provincial during on-sites visits and interviews with dieticians and managers. Student participation, sales goals, re-contract frequency and number and cost of disaster loss were identified as the performance indexes for financial management. Income statements were compiled by identifying and classifying financial data. Total revenues consisted of subsidies, meal sales, other revenue and interest. Expenditures consisted of purchased food, salaries and wages, utility costs, office supplies, kitchen supplies, purchased services, company overhead indirect costs, facility investment and maintenance, facility usage expenses, employee benefits and miscellaneous. Mean price of a meal was 2,326 won at self-operated foodservices when the subsidies were included as revenues and 2,360 won at contract-managed foodservices. When including the subsidies as revenues, the operating ratios of self-operated foodservice showed that the food cost percentage was 66.9％, labor cost 23.2％, operation cost 9.9％ and profit 0％. The correspond figures at contract-managed foodservices were 57.6％, 21.5％, 15.3％, and 5.5％, respectively. Food costs in self-operated foodservices was significantly higher than that for contract-managed foodservices, however, facility investment and maintenance and facility usage expenses at self-operated foodservices was significantly lower than those for contract-managed foodservices. Based on this study, the methodology and classification system of financial data was found to be applicable to assess the financial structure of school foodservices.

• The Korean Journal of Financial Management
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.57-83
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• 2006

The purpose of this paper is to analyze the efficiency and productivity change and inefficiency cause of the korean non-life insurance companies of the before($1993{\sim}1996$) and after($1998{\sim}2004$) of IMF. we use DEA (Data Envelopment Analysis) model to measure company efficiency and MPI(Malmquist productivity indices) to measure company productivity change and Tobit regression to analyze inefficiency cause. we utilize ten non-life insurance companies in korea and the time-series data for eleven from 1993 to 2004 except 1997. The empirical results show the following findings. First, total cost efficiency shows that the after of IMF decrease of 3.7% over the before of IMF and MPI change indicates that the after of IMF increase 7.7% over the before IMF. Second, the results of Tobit regression to analysis the cause of inefficiency show that total cost efficiency is positively related invested assets, acquisition expenses ratio, collection expenses ratio and is negatively related solicitors ratio, personnel expenses ratio, land & buildings expenses ratio, loss ratio, net operating expenses ratio. Especially inefficiency of small-to-mid sized companies is main cause of total cost efficiency of non-life insurance companies in korea. Small-to-mid sized companies endeavored various aspects of business strategies.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.13 no.11
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• pp.267-276
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• 2015

This study divided hospital management performance as surplus and deficit, Liquidity, Growth, Turnover Ratios, Productivity, Operating Expense, Patient Care Performance and evaluate the relationship between profitability. In addition to providing a useful basis for seeking profitability and effective management measures based on the findings of the hospital has its purpose. The study period was 2013 to identify the hospital's financial performance as evaluation criteria, were selected for a total of 147 hospitals surveyed. In conclusion, the more profitable medical and hospital financial performance, results showed a higher rate. In addition to the factors affecting the profitability of the Salaries, Administrative Expenses, Material Costs was a major factor. To to enhance the future profitability of hospital care it is also important to increase revenue, but Salaries, the cost reduction-effective strategy for reducing Administrative Expenses may be required.

• KIEAE Journal
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.35-43
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• 2017

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to find out the characteristics of service (landfill) costs (hereinafter, the "landfill costs") applied to the dissolution promotion committee and analyze the characteristics of landfill costs at the time where the dissolution of promotion body is increasing with the authority of the head of local government regarding the territory difficult with the continuous promotion by delaying or suspending the project for a prolonged period or suspending the project through the dissolution of the project body by the promotion committee and cooperative union since the flawless promotion of the maintenance project. Method: After revising the law in February 2012, the survey and analysis is made for the status of applying landfill costs and maintenance project scale of the dissolution promotion committee not confirmed in details around a total of 20 regions, including, 9 regions of redevelopment projects completed with the advance review, 7 regions of re-construction projects and 4 regions of urban environment maintenance projects from the total of 59 regions, Result: The influence on the landfill costs is shown to be greatest in the service expenses and management and supervision on this field has significance for the maintenance project perceived as private project, rather than public project, that the public management is neglected with insufficient presentation of operation criteria and so forth that it displays the tendency to lead to the discrete operation of the project body. In order to enhance the transparency of operating costs for the projects that are led by private capital, it is required to strengthen the role of public sector through enthusiastic intervention by the public sector in standardization of operation criteria, presentation of guideline and so forth.

• Journal of Korean Academic Society of Home Health Care Nursing
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.52-57
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• 2003

The purpose of this study was to evaluate appropriateness of home health care travel cost. For the evaluation, investigated the operating costs of vehicles used by home care nurses and then were components of home care nurses's annual salaries. Travel costs were then calculated based on actual travel expenses of home health care service. Actual data of 23 hospital-based home care agencies between July, 2002 to December, 2002 were collected for the analysis of the travel costs. The results of this study are : 1) For home visit, 65% of home care agencies turned out to be using only hospital owned cars, and 17.1% be depending purely on home care nurses' cars. On average, 1.9 cars used for home visit. 2) Out of 89 agencies, 23 agencies responded to the travel cost survey. Total maintenance cost of a car per month was 381,457 won. 3) Average per visit personal expenses of home care nurses during travel time turned out to be 7,124won assuming 8 working hours per day, 4 visits per day, and 30 minuets of travel time for each visit. 4) Total home health care travel cost per visit was 12,069 won, which was the sum of actually paid travel cost of 4,945 won and personal expenses during travel time of 7,124. In conclusion. we reckon that current compensation price of home care nurses' travel is inappropriate because total home health care travel costs of 12,069 won per visit turned out to be 2.1 times of currently prevailing standard compensation price of 5,830 per visit.

• Korean Journal of Organic Agriculture
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.307-326
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• 2009

The present study suggests a concept of resources circulation type agriculture and a concept of a livestock zone related to it and evaluated economical efficiency about a possibility of the resources circulation type livestock zone based on the concept. As a result, when the resources circulation type livestock zone is operated in an area of 1,300ha, it was evaluated that the profit of 11,244 hundred thousand won per year is generated, compared to the conventional agriculture. When light and heat expenses and roughage of Hanwoo production, production of TMR forage as well as income of the energy and composting business of livestock manure at the recycling center were considered in addition to that, it was judged that the present zone development bushiness has enough business feasibility. However, it is necessary that the support regulations, etc. is constructed so that all produced compost byproducts are used at farmhouses and the system related to facility investment assurance and assistance of operating expenses is maintained. It is thought that the complement of a system is also necessary so that energy or power generation expenses can be operated in the same conditions as other new & renewable energy, and the nation's purchase of carbon credits(CDM) is investigated and systemized in the early period, and construction of a revitalization plan of the business through budget securing of the Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry related to the trade of CDM and carbon emission rights is also a business that should be urgently developed. In the future, the change of an outside environment will further promote use of the energy. Also, as people, who don't know agriculture. farm village, increase day by day because of population concentration in a city, an opportunity that can new added value through experience tourism or educational programs utilizing them is increasing. Accordingly, if programs utilizing social characteristics, such as utilization as a space of tourism. leisure. experience, system construction of bio-energy and system construction that Micro Grid or Smart Grid as a dispersed storage and generation system is stabilized, are constructed, it can be said that revitalization or success conditions of the zone is further achieved.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.11 no.11
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• pp.463-470
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• 2013

The objective of this study is to compare hospital performance between Local Government Hospitals and General Hospitals. To compare the result of the financial performance between two groups, there were significant differences in current ratio, Fixed ratio, total assets turnover, personnel expenses to gross revenues, management expenses to gross revenues, return on assets, operating margin. The significant impact relations of ROA(Return on Assets) were formed the total assets turnover, salaries, material costs, administrative expenses. Although two groups are the similar beds, most of LGH are in the red so the managers and local government must consider the financial efficiency of LGH.

• Management & Information Systems Review
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• v.7
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• pp.93-111
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• 2001

In this article, we perform an international overview of accounting standards for tax effect accounting(or income taxes). Specially, we compare accounting standards for tax effect accounting of U.S. and International Accounting Standards. The principal component of U.S. accounting standards for tax effect accounting is as follow. Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. 109, Accounting for Income Taxes (SFAS No. 109) represents the culmination of a multi-year process in which Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) reviewed and subsequently modified the requirements for accounting for income taxes. SFAS No. 109 requires an 'asset and liability' approach for the accounting for income taxes. That is, deferred income taxes are viewed as assets and liabilities of the firm, and deferred tax expenses id determined by the current-year change in the firm's deferred tax liabilities and assets. Previously, Accounting Principles Board Opinion No. 11, Accounting for Income Taxes (APB No. 11) required a 'deferral' approach to accounting for income taxes. The primary intent of the deferral approach was to match tax expense with corresponding revenues and expenses for the year in which the revenues and expenses were recognized in the financial statement. Unlike the SFAS No. 109, APB No. 11 did not require firms to adjust deferred tax balances for subsequent events such as changes in tax rates or laws. And, the principal deference between SFAS No. 109 and the previous statement on accounting for income taxes, SFAS No. 96, is that SFAS No. 109 requires firms to recognize deferred tax assets for the tax benefits of tax credit or operating loss carryforwards, no matter how likely the firm was to realize these benefits, and this was one of the reasons for its demise.

• Journal of Korean Society on Water Environment
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• v.21 no.5
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• pp.496-499
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• 2005

Power Plant is requested, by environmental bodies and fisherman, to correct the pollution of coastal area due to the outflow of foam from the outlet of the power plants. Foam wastewater cause a lot of environmental problems, expecially in aesthetic points of view. Therefore, It is needed to be collect from the stream into nearby ocean, and the collected foams should be treated before being discharged into nearby ocean. The most effective and feasible treatment method researched for the effective treatment of foam wastewater generated at the power plants. The result of the test is confirmed with collecting Foam wastewater by inhalation force. The treatment pilot ($3m^3/hr$) collected wastewater was operated by Biological degradation method(Aerobic/anaerobic Processes) for approximately two months. It was removed SS, COD, nutrient(T-P, T-N), etc. The System is expected successfully by Minimizing the operating costs such as electricity, repair expenses, chemicals and supplies expenses.