• The Journal of Pediatrics of Korean Medicine
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.44-53
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• 2018

Objectives This study sets out to examine treatment experiences of child patients with night crying based on the traditional Korean medicine. Also, the study traces the process in which clients chose traditional Korean medicine treatment, and proposes a possible future direction of Korean medicine treatment. Methods The investigator conducted a semi-standardized open-ended question interview with two main fosterers of a child who received traditional Korean medicine treatment for night crying, and examined two fosterers' experiences of a child with the traditional Korean medicine treatment. Their interviews were recorded with their facial expressions and acts for analysis. Collected data was analyzed based on the Grounded theory. Results The participants felt a sense of responsibility, worry, and fear for their children with night crying. They had easy access to traditional Korean medicine doctors who were in the community and had positive experiences with traditional Korean medicine treatment. They reported that some people had been forced to use traditional Korean medicine, had misunderstandings about traditional Korean medicine, and had prejudice that night crying is not a disease. They felt there was a room for improvement in terms of the high medical expenses and the absence of a cooperative system between Oriental and Western medicine. Conclusions As the first qualitative study on night crying based on the traditional Korean medicine treatment, this study proposed a future direction for traditional Korean medicine treatment for night crying in the shoes of fosterers. The findings showed that the fosterers chose traditional Korean medicine treatment for night crying child based on their feelings, accessibility and experiences with traditional Korean medicine. Fosterers felt a need for improvement of the general public's perceptions about Korean medicine treatment on night crying, and a cooperative system between Oriental and Western medicine.

• Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
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• v.33 no.2
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• pp.328-344
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• 2013

This study investigated the types of elementary science-gifted students' coping strategies and teachers' desired teaching strategies in anomalous situations. Their epistemological beliefs about science were then analyzed on the bases of the types. To do this, 5th and 6th year science-gifted students (N=72) were asked to respond to an open-ended question with some of them being interviewed deeply. The analyses of the results indicated seven types of coping strategies in anomalous situations and were identified as follows: Abandoning, asking a teacher for help, trying the experiment again with same methods, trying the experiments again with different methods, trying the experiment again after actively analyzing the causes, recognizing the experimental results, and explaining the experimental results. Seven types of teachers' desired teaching strategies emerged and were also identified as follows: Encouraging, providing successful experimental results, explaining, providing the opportunity for trying the experiment again with same methods, providing the opportunity for trying the experiments again with different methods, providing the opportunity and help for trying the experiment again after actively analyzing the causes, and providing the opportunity and help for explaining the experimental results. The fourteen types were grouped again into four categories such as 'transferring facts', 'constructing facts', 'transferring meanings', and 'constructing meanings' on the bases of the epistemological beliefs toward knowledge and the epistemological beliefs toward relation. Educational implications of these findings are discussed.

• Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
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• v.32 no.7
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• pp.1087-1098
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• 2012

This study investigated the types of elementary school students' coping strategies for anomalous situations in science classes. Their epistemological beliefs were then analyzed on the basis of types. To do this, the students (N=75) from 2 elementary schools were asked to respond to an open-ended question about their coping strategies on anomalous situations and some of them underwent in-depth interviews. The analyses of the results indicated five types of coping strategies and were identified as follows: Abandoning, asking a teacher for help, trying the experiment again with same methods, trying the experiments again with different methods, and trying the experiment again after actively analyzing the causes. Among these, the major types were 'trying the experiment again with same methods', 'trying the experiments again with different methods', and 'asking a teacher for help'. The five types were grouped again into four categories such as 'transferring facts', 'constructing facts', 'transferring meanings', and 'constructing meanings' on the basis of the epistemological beliefs toward knowledge and the epistemological beliefs toward relation. The results revealed that 'trying the experiment again after actively analyzing the causes' was only included in 'constructing facts' and the others were included in 'transferring facts'. Educational implications of these findings are discussed.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.19 no.2 s.20
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• pp.203-212
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• 1986

Hypertension is one of the most well known risk factors for cerebrovascular or coronary heart disease and is a major public health problem. Early detection and treatment of hypertension are essential, but the compliance of treatment on hypertension is not easy to achive. Hypertensive workers are being detected by the annual screening under the Labour Standard Law in Korea but the solidified control system for them is not existing. This study about workers 'Motive-Belief-Action in non-drug and drug treatment of their hypertension would be worthwhile to interpret how the workers actually behave in coping with hypertension, and also would be advisable to construct the follow-up program in Korea. In the field research process two criteria were used to select sample group. The first criterion included the workers who were screened to be hypertensive with their blood pressure above 160/95 in this survey. The second one was used to classify study-group respondents who had known their hypertension by successive annual screening. From such criteria a total of 156 male workers were sampled in 21 industries, the author interviewed them using the structured questionnaire which consisted of Belief-Motive-Action items about non-drug and drug treatment for hypertension with open-ended question on symptom of hypertension. The summary is as follows: 1) Sixty-one percent of respondents had ever checked their blood pressure somewhere besides the annual screening. 2) Most respondents(97.2%) complained no symptoms of hypertension at all. 3) Belief level of non-drug treatment was relatively high (82.1%-64.7%), but motive(55.1%-28.2%) and action(38.5%-16.7%) levels were low. 4) Belief level of drug treatment was relatively lower than that of non-drug treatment, blue collar workers showed higher artier level of drug treatment than white collar workers, and correlation coefficient between belief and motive on drug treatment was lower in group of not-recognizing their family history of hypertension than recognized group. Such findings indicated that belief on drug treatment of hypertensive workers would be problematic. 5) White collar workers showed significant lower correlation coefficients between Motive and Action of salt restriction, restriction of fatty diet and relaxation than blue collar workers. 6) Mild hypertension group showed low levels of Motive and Action of non-drug treatment(salt restriction, restriction of fatty diet and relaxation) and also showed low correlation coefficient between Belief and Motive of above non-drug treatment.

• Journal of Industrial Convergence
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.1-12
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• 2021

Even though there have been so much practical interests in industry, the relevant empirical researches are not sufficient. In this study, we try to identify the problems of matrix organization structure in the semiconductor industry and make suggestions for improvements. Also, we try to find out whether there are differences in the perceptions of the problems among ranks and teams. This study was conducted to the researchers in the matrix organization structure of the H-corp. research institute. The problems we found are as follows. The researchers agreed that the matrix organization structure is appropriate when highly professional members for the development of next-generation semiconductors are participated in the projects. They showed strong wills to participate and succeed in projects. However, the researchers felt that the equipments and manpowers were not enough and too much tasks and workloads were assigned to both the managers and members Also, in an open ended question, the researchers pointed out the problems of the matrix organization structure such as 'weak project manager's authority', 'communication and teamwork issues', 'non-obvious work priorities', 'compensation and benefit system', 'lack of research manpower and equipment'. From the strengths and weaknesses of the matrix organization structure of the semiconductor industry, we provide some suggestions for improvements.

• Journal of the Korean BIBLIA Society for library and Information Science
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.157-174
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• 2008

Information Technology is making a lot of changes in the library. Especially the library computerization made the business of librarians convenient and made an impact in outsourcing and job reduction. The number of library users is decreasing because they can find information easily in the internet instead of library. But librarians are suspended in traditional business; they are not carrying out new role in changed environment. So, their identity is shaken. If a job does not have their identity, the job can not but disappears. This paper wished to find the identity of librarians in digital environment. For research the author examined literatures about new role of librarians and compared with librarian's opinions. To collect librarian's opinions, the author took e-mail survey to librarians who are working more than 20 years at libraries. Questionnaire consists of open-ended question. As a result, librarians are feeling their professional rewarding in public service. But they do not have much opportunity to service as professional. In some case librarians have opportunity to secure their expert area in reading education, information literacy and computer program teaching. This means the information education and medium education. The information education means to and necessary information. The medium education means to approach at information. The ability that can utilize information and medium is very important in lifelong learning society. Librarians can achieve the role of information and medium education. Librarians can find their identity in information and medium education which make users as intellectual person.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Rural Health Nursing
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.80-91
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• 2023

Purpose: The purpose of the study quantitatively investigates the experience of unmet healthcare service utilization by rural populations in vulnerable areas during the COVID-19 pandemic based on Andersen's behavior model. At the same time, this study attempts to describe the experiences of unmet healthcare service utilization among participants in vulnerable rural areas by analyzing qualitative contents through open-ended question. Methods: Data were collected from October to November 2022 using Qualtrix, a web-based survey platform. A total of 863 participants completed an online survey. Quantitative data were analyzed using 𝑥² test and logistic regression analysis. Qualitative data were analyzed using content analysis. Results: The factors affecting participants' unmet healthcare service utilization were type of residential area and underlying disease. The qualitative analysis identified; four categories and nine sub-categories. Conclusion: Based on these findings, it is necessary to develop a disaster nursing response model according to the type of residential areas and the number of people.

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.79-90
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• 2000

Objective：This study was performed in order to develop a measuring instrument for assessing and predicting delinquent behavior of the adolescents in Korea. Methods：This study was methodological research for developing a questionnaire for measuring delinquent behavior. Through the relevant literature review and personal interview using open-ended question with 12 adolescents in schools, outpatient basis and the juvenile corrective institutions, the author developed a pre-questionnaire with 31 items for assessing delinquent behavior among delinquentprone adolescents. Statistical method employed were test-retest reliability and Cronbach's alpha coefficient for testing reliability and factor analysis for testing validity of this questionnaire, and t-test for mean difference between student adolescents and delinquent adolescents, using SAS program. Subject served for this study consisted of 2,177 adolescents including 1,206 students and 971 delinquent adolescents by proportional stratified random sampling method. Results：1) Three stable factors were emerged and these contributed 52.2% of the variance in the total score. All 31 items loaded above .40 on each factor. 2) Factor I was named as antisocial delinquent behavior(17 items), factor II was named as aggressive delinquent behavior(8 items), and factor III was named as psychopathic delinquent behavior(6 items). 3) Comparison of these 3 factors between student adolescents and delinquent adolescents showed that there was a significant difference in factor Ⅰ(t=-42.91(student), -41.71(delinquent), p=.0001), factor II(t=-34.10(student), -35.72(delinquent), p=.0001), factor III(t=-14.24(student), -14.26 (delinquent), p=.0000), and total score(t=37.02(student), -36.38(delinquent), p=.0001). 4) Internal consistency reliability was tested by Cronbach's ${\alpha}$. Cronbach's ${\alpha}$ was .952 for total 31 items and .950, .866 and .721 for each 3 factors related to delinquent behavior. Conclusions：The author confirmed that this scale can use for measuring delinquent behavior, and hope to make a contribution to screening test and prevention of juvenile delinquency in Korea.

• The Journal of Korean Academic Society of Nursing Education
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• v.3
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• pp.78-98
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• 1997

Health education, as the most fundamental concept for national health promotion, alms for developing the self-care ability of the general public. High school days are regarded as the period when most important physical, mental and social developments occur, and most health-related behaviors are formed. School health education is one of the major learning resources influencing health potential in the home and community as well as for the individual student. High school health education in Korea has a fundamental systemic flaw in that health-related subjects are divided and taught under various subjects areas at school. In order to achieve the goal of school health education, it is essential to make a systematic assessment of the learner's concerns connected with his health and life, and the factors affecting them. So far, most of the research projects that had been carried out for improving high school health education were limited in their concerns to a particular aspect of health. Even though some had been done in view of comprehensive school health education, they failed to Include a health assessment of the learner. Therefore, in this study the high school students' concerns related to health and life were investigated in the first place on the basis of the PRECEDE model, developed by Green and others for the purpose of a comprehensive diagnostic research on high school health education. This study was done in two steps : one was the basic study for developing research instrument and the other was the main one. The former was conducted at five high schools in Seoul and Cheongju for 2 months-beginning in March, 1996. The students were asked to respond to questions related to their health and lives in unstructured open-ended question forms. On the basis of analysis of the basic study, the diagnostic instruments for the quality of life, health problems, health behavior and educational factors were constructed to be used for the collection of data for main study. An expert panel and the pilot study were used to improve content validity and reliability of the instruments. The reliability of the instruments was measured at between .7697 and .9611 by the Cronbach $\alpha$. The data for this study were collected from the sample consisted of the junior and senior classes of twenty general and vocational high schools in Seoul and Cheongju for two months period beginning in July, 1996. In analyzing the data, both t-test and $X^2$-test were done by using SAS-$PC^+$ Program to compare data between the sexes of the high school students and the types of high school. A canonical correlation analysis was carried out to determine the relationships among the diagnostic variables, and a multivariate multiple regression analysis was conducted by using LISREL 8.03 to ascertain the influences of variables on the high school students' health and quality of life. The results were as follows : 1) The findings of the hypothesis tests (1) The canonical correlation between the educational diagnosis variables and behavioral, epidemiological, social diagnosis variables was .7221, which was significant at the level of p<.001. (2) The canonical correlation between the educational diagnosis variables and the behavior variables was .6851, which also was significant (p<.001). (3) The canonical correlation between the behavioral diagnosis variables and the epidemiological variables was 4295, which was significant (p<.001). (4) The canonical correlation between the epidemiological diagnosis variables and the social variables was .6005, which was also significant (p<.001). Therefore, the relationship between each diagnosis variable suggested by the PRECEDE model had been experimentally proven to be valid, supporting the conceptual framework of the study as appropriate for assessing the multi-dimensional factors affecting high school students' health and quality of life. Health behavior self-efficacy, the level of parents' interest and knowledge of health, and the level of the perception of school health education, all of which are the educational diagnostic variables, are the most influential variables in students' health and quality of life. In particular, health behavior self-efficacy, a causative factor, was one of the main influential variables in their health and quality of life. Other diagnostic variables suggested in the steps of the PRECEDE model were found to have reciprocal relations rather than a unidirectional causative relationship. The significance of this research is that it has diagnosed the needs of high school health education by the learner-centered assessment of variety of factors related to the health and the life of the students. This research findings suggest an integrated system of school health education to be contrived to enhance the effectiveness of the education by strengthening the influential factors such as self-efficacy to improve the health and quality of the lives of high school students.

• Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
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• v.36 no.4
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• pp.591-606
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• 2016

The purpose of this study is to develop the argumentation program to build scientific concepts on natural selection for science-gifted elementary students and to know how to implement this program. For this study, nine key concepts about natural selection such as the overproduction of offspring, limited resources, population stability, competition, variation, heredity of variation, differential survival, change of the population and speciation were selected through the literature study. The programs were developed by learning cycle instructional model. Argument writings and discourses have been collected, analyzed and compared before and after the program. Two questionnaires to compare pre and post concept change consist of multiple choice questionnaire and open-ended response question were developed and applied to 19 science-gifted elementary students. Sufficiency of the explanation and conceptual quality of the explanation were used to assess the quality of their arguments before and after the program. Discourse and visual models collected from the highest and lowest group about score improvement were compared. The scores of the gifted statistically improved significantly in multiple choice questionnaire. Students' alternative conceptions about natural selection at the beginning of the program decreased and changed scientifically after the program. Visual models drawn by the students supported the results as well. This study asserts that elementary science-gifted students are able to explain evolutionary perspectives about organism change and use the key concepts of natural selection. The study means that evolutionary perspective is possible to be reflected in elementary science curriculum for the gifted.