• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.70 no.1
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• pp.43-50
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• 2011

Background: Open lung biopsy is used for diagnosis of diffuse infiltrative lung diseases (DILD), but it is invasive and relatively expensive procedure. Fluoroscopy-guided cutting needle lung biopsy (FCNLB) has merits of avoidance of admission and rapid diagnosis. But diagnostic accuracy and safety were not well known in the diagnosis of DILD. Methods: We included 52 patients (37 men, 15 women) having DILD on HRCT with dyspnea, except the patients who could be confidently diagnosed with clinical and HRCT findings. FCNLB was performed using 16G Ace cut needle (length 1.5 cm, diameter 2 mm) at the area of most active lesion on HRCT. Final diagnoses were made by the consensus. Results: The mean interval between the HRCT and FCNLB was 4.5 days. Most cases were performed one biopsy during 5~10 minutes. Specific diagnosis was obtained in 43 of 52 biopsies (83%). The most common diagnosis was nonspecific interstitial pneumonia (11 cases) and followed by cryptogenic organizing pneumonia (7 cases), diffuse alveolar hemorrhage and usual interstitial pneumonia (5 cases in each), hypersensitivity pneumonitis (3 cases), tuberculosis and drug induced interstitial pneumonitis (2 cases in each), the others are in one respectively. Mild complication was developed in 9 patients (8 pneumothorax, 1 hemoptysis). Most of complications were regressed without treatment except one case with chest tube insertion for pneumothorax. Conclusion: Fluoroscopy-guided 16 G cutting needle lung biopsy was an useful method for the diagnosis of DILD.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Illuminating and Electrical Installation Engineers
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.17-24
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• 2003

In this paper, a high efficiency leakage transformer for neon tube is developed to improve its power factor, to reduce its core loss and weight by using a technique of shape optimization and grain direction of non-oriented silicon steel strip. A protection circuit is designed for all types of neon transformer loaded with one or more neon tubes. Whenever the neon tube fails to be started up or comes to the life end, or encounters faults with open-circuits at the output terminals of the neon transformer, the electronic type protection circuit will be initiated to avoid more critical hazards. These neon transformers need a electronic type protection circuit to prevent from current stresses on circuit components by neon tube fail. The input of the transformer is automatically cut on when the abnormal condition occurs, preventing waste of no-load power.

• Journal of the Korean association of regional geographers
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.875-886
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• 2016

The eastern coast of Seopo-myeon, Sancheon-si in the South Coast is a bay almost completely separated from open sea by Changseon and Namhae Islands. Marine terraces in this area can be classified into geomorphic surfaces with elevations of 10~12m, 15~18m, 20~24m, 25~28m, 30~33m, 35~38m, 40~45m, 45~50m and 54m. This marine terrace system is similar to the Boryeong area in the West Coast. The geomorphic surfaces distribute along ridges and show relatively small areas. The young and old surfaces show a mixed distributional pattern. This distributional pattern contrasts to the East Coast where the oldest surface farthest from the coastline is parallel to the coast and age of the surfaces increases with a distance from the coast. These seem to result in high energy waves by typhoon that developed wave-cut platform on hill areas with relatively complex relief in a short time.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.228-233
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• 2004

Nitrate removal was examined from May to October 2003 of a surface flow treatment wetland cell, which was a part of a treatment wetland system composed of four wetland cells and a distribution pond The system was established on rice paddy near the Kohung Estuarine Lake located in the southern part of the Korean Peninsula. Effluent from a secondary-level night soil treatment plant was funneled into the system. The investigated cell, 87 m in length and 14 m in width, was created in April 2003. An open water was designed at its center, which was equivalent to 10 percent of its total area. Cattails (Typha angustifolia) were transplanted from natural wetlands into the cell and their stems were cut at about 40cm height from their bottom ends. Average $25.0\;m^3/day$ of effluent from the treatment plant was funneled into the cell by gravity flow and average $24.1\;m^3/day$ of its treated effluent was discharged into the Sinyang Stream flowing into the lake. Its water depth was maintained about 0.2 m and its hydraulic detention time averaged 5.2 days. Average height of the cattail stems was 42.5 cm in May 2M3 and 117.7 cm in September 2003. The number of stems averaged $9.5\;stems/m^2$ in May 2003 and $16.4\;stems/m^2$ in September 2003. The growth of cattails was good. Temperature of influent and effluent averaged 25.9 and $26.7^{\circ}C$, respectively. $NO_3$-N loading rate of influent and effluent averaged 176.67 and $88.09\;mg/m^2\;day$, respectively. Removal of rf03-N averaged $89.58\;mg/m^2\;day$ and its removal rate by mass was about 50%. Considering its initial operating stage in which cattail rhizomes and litter layer on the bottom were not Idly established, the $NO_3$-N removal rate of the cell was rather good.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Illuminating and Electrical Installation Engineers
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• v.16 no.6
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• pp.22-29
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• 2002

The conventional neon transformer systems are very bulky and heavy because it consist of leakage type transformers made of silicon steel plates. In addition, it has problems in noise by a neon transformer and in possibilities of fire and electrical shock when neon tubes are destroyed. A protection circuit is designed for all types of neon transformer loaded with one or more neon tubes. Whenever the neon tube fails to be started up, comes to the life end, encounters faults with open-circuits at the output terminals of the neon transformer, the protection circuit will be initiated to avoid more critical hazards. The input of the transformer is automatically cut off when the abnormal condition occurs, preventing waste of no-load power. To improve such problems, in this paper, a new type of neon power supply systems for neon tube is designed and implemented using inverter type circuits and a newly designed lightweight transformer. In the developed neon transformer system, a 60［Hz］power input is converted to 20［KHz］high frequency using half-wave inverters, thereby the transformer reduces its size by 1/5 in volume and 1/10 in weight.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2017.05a
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• pp.515-515
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• 2017

하천에서 취수원을 개발하는데 있어 지층의 구성으로 물리, 화학적 여과, 흡착 등을 통해 자연 정화되는 간접 취수 방식이 활발히 도입되고 있다. 양질의 취수원을 공급할 수 있는 간접 취수 방식은 수량 확보 측면에서의 불확실성과 유지관리상의 어려움 때문에 많은 시행착오가 발생된다. 이와 같은 단점을 개선하기 위해 하상을 개착하여 불균질한 대수층을 치환하고 스크린을 통해 간접 취수원을 개발하는 하상여과 방식이 도입되고 있다. 대수층을 치환하여 여재를 구성함에 있어 오염물질 및 탁도의 저감 효율을 극대화하기 위해 다양한 연구가 진행되고 있다. 본 연구에서는 개착식 하상여과에서 치환하는 여재의 구성에 따른 탁도의 저감 효율을 분석하기 위해 축소 모형실험으로 구성하였다. 각각의 여재의 구성에 대해서는 상수도 시설기준을 통해 축소된 입경의 매질로 구성하였다. 실험실 규모의 모형 수조($1500mm{\times}500mm{\times}1700mm$)를 구성하고 하부에는 내경 80mm이고 길이 1300mm인 기능성 스크린이 부착된 취수관을 설치하였다. 모형 수조에서 여재의 두께는 총 1000mm로 구성하였고, 각각의 층에 대해서는 250mm로 하여 4개의 층을 구성할 수 있도록 하였다. 치환하는 여재의 매질에는 자갈, 왕사, 중사, 화산석을 사용하였고, 각각의 입경은 5-10mm, 2-5mm, 1-2mm, 2-5mm이고, 탁도를 유발하는 물질로는 입경이 $20{\mu}m$인 황토를 사용하였다. 단일매질 구성을 통해 각각의 여재 종류에 따른 탁도 저감 효과에 대해서 분석하였고, 세 가지의 혼합매질 구성을 통해 치환층 여재의 배치에 따른 탁도 저감 효과를 분석하였고, 각각의 구성은 중사-왕사-자갈-화산석, 화산석-중사-왕사-자갈, 중사-왕사-화산석-자갈로 하였다. 주입수는 30-50NTU를 유지하였으며 유출수의 탁도를 통해 저감 효율을 분석하였다. 분석된 결과를 통해 개착식 하상여과 방식의 여재 구성에 대해서 탁도 저감에 효율을 극대화할 수 있을 것으로 보여진다.

• Asian Journal of Turfgrass Science
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.19-30
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• 1993

Experiments were conducted to investigate propagation, shade tolerance, cold resistance and growth rate of evergreen ground cover plants ; Vinca minor K , Ajuga reptans L., Ophiopogon japonicus ker. f nanus hort , and Hedera helix.. The results were as follows : 1.It is convenient to use the growing case for rice seed to grow and transplant Vinca minor seed-ling. The most proper density of transplanting Vinea was 180 plants per 1m$^2$. At the end of growing season, the coverage came up to 90% The rooting ability of Hedera helix was best to cut from April to May (temperature 15~23˚C). The seedling length of Parthenocissus quinguefohlia were irregular and ranged from 5 cm of 200cm. 2. Ajuga reptans L., Ophiopogon j. and Vinca minor L. grew better under 50% light intensity than full sunlight. Particularly, under full sunlight and aestival high temperature, there were a few withering plants in Ajuga reptans L. , and V Vilica minor L. 3. Of Vinca minor K., Ajuga reptans L. , Ophiopogon japonicus ker. f. nanus hort. and Hedera helix. acclimatized in open field, where temperature was from -7~8˚C. There were few plants had damage in low temperature incubator to -16˚C after field acclimatization. 4.Tendrils of Parthenocissus quinguefolia strongly clung to the wire netting stone fence but intruded into the gap and cranny of the precast concrete fence and so clung to, so that it needed to install the bending net on the precast concrete fence.

• KEPCO Journal on Electric Power and Energy
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• v.6 no.4
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• pp.439-445
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• 2020

In this paper, the seismic performance evaluation was performed on 100 existing open-cut power cable tunnels, including ones that did not consider seismic design, in order to verify that the government's demand level (seismic special grade, 0.22 g). The results of the seismic performance evaluation show that most of the tunnels have seismic performance of 0.3 to 1 g, satisfying the level of the seismic special grade and securing the seismic safety. Meanwhile, the earthquake response analysis and structural test were performed to verify the validity of the method and the results of the seismic performance evaluation of the tunnels by the response displacement method, and to verify their seismic safety. As a result, the relative displacement due to the response displacement method under the 0.22 g earthquake was conservative than the results of the earthquake response analysis, and the results of load-displacement curves and response modification coefficient calculation by real scale structural tests showed the safety of the tunnels.

• Journal of the Korean Solar Energy Society
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• v.39 no.3
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• pp.9-17
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• 2019

Laser cutting cell of solar cells can achieve high voltage and efficiency through more array than conventional 6 inch cell compared to same area. In this study, we fabricated c-Si cutting cell with various lasers and laser conditions such as power, speed, and number of times. In the case of picosecond laser, excellent surface characteristics were obtained due to small surface defects and low thermal damage at the output of 20W and the speed of 100 mm/s. However, it is not possible to fabricate a cutting cell having good characteristics due to nonuniform cutting inside the wafer when the processing for forming a cutting cell is not sufficiently performed. For nanosecond lasers, the best wafer characteristics were obtained for fabrication of excellent cutting cells at a frequency of 500 kHz and a laser speed of 100 mm/s. However, the nanosecond laser has not been processed sufficiently in the condition of a number of times. As a result, it was confirmed that the wafer thickness was cut by $63{\mu}m$ of the cell thickness of $170{\mu}m$ in the condition of five times of laser process. It was found that more than 30% of the wafer thickness had to be processed to fabricate the cutting cell. After cutting the 6-inch cell having the voltage of 0.65 V, we obtained the voltage of about 0.63 V.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.32 no.7
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• pp.1062-1068
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• 2019

Objective: For many generations, most species of farm animals have been subjected to intense and strictly targeted selection for improvement of their performance traits. This has led to substantial changes in animal anatomy and physiology, which resulted in considerable differences between the current animal breeds and their wild ancestors. The aim of the study was to determine whether there is breed-specific variability in behaviour as well as differences in emotional reactivity and preferences of laying hens. Methods: The investigations involved 50 Green-legged Partridge, 50 Polbar, and 50 Leghorn hens. All birds were kept in the same conditions, and the behavioural tests were carried out at 30 weeks of age. We used the tonic immobility test and a modified open-field test including such objects as water, commercial feed, feed enriched with cereal grains, finely cut straw, and insect larvae, a sandpit, a mirror, and a shelter imitating a hen nest. Results: The research results demonstrate that the birds of the analysed breeds differ not only in the excitability and emotional reactivity but, importantly, also in the preferences for environment-enriching elements. Ensuring hens' well-being should therefore be based on environmental modifications that will facilitate acquisition of essential elements of chickens' behaviour. The greatest emotional reactivity was found in the Leghorn breed, which may be a result of correlated selection aimed at an increase in chicken productivity. Conclusion: The differences in the behaviour of the birds from the analysed breeds indicate that laying hens cannot be regarded as one group of animals with the same environmental requirements.