• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.84-94
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• 2013

The study analyzes the effects of self-esteem on body satisfaction, clothing satisfaction, and clothing selection criteria, the effects of body satisfaction on clothing satisfaction and clothing selection criteria, and the effects of clothing selection criteria on clothing satisfaction. The questionnaire developed by the researcher was distributed to 160 women between 40 and 65 years of age in Seoul or Gyeonggi-do. One hundred fifty one questionnaires were used in the final analysis. The data were analyzed by common factor analysis, multiple linear regression, t-test, ANOVA, and Tukey's test using SPSS 18.0/Windows. The results demonstrate that clothing selection criteria is classified into design, quality, practicality, and economics. There was a significant effect of self-esteem on body satisfaction, and significant effects of body satisfaction on clothing satisfaction and on factors of design, quality, economics in clothing selection criteria. Factors such as design, practicality, and economics contributed to clothing satisfaction. Significant differences were found in self-esteem between age groups as well as self-esteem and body satisfaction among groups according to education level and monthly income.

• Korean Journal of Human Ecology
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• v.12 no.5
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• pp.787-795
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• 2003

This research studied several somatotypes for children's upper bodies in order to suggest the basic data of bodice patterns of children's clothing. By extracting the component factors from the children's bodices, they were classified into several somatotypes to recognize an individual body type. Three hundred and fifty eight children's wears were estimated as research objects to analyze their somatotypes for the 44 items representing upper bodies through anthropometric measurement and photometric measurement. The results are as follows : 1. Seven factors were extracted as a result of factor analysis. 2. Data were classified into three types as a result of cluster analysis : Type 1 was characterized as low fat body, small skeleton size, and forward belly ; type 2 as high fat body, normal hight, backward shoulder, and the lowered shoulders ; type 3 as medium fat body, tall height, somewhat crouching back, and the rising shoulders. 3. As a results of the discrimination analysis for the three types, the highly discriminated items were height, width of bosom, front center length. weight, width of waist or the length of waist. One could discriminate one's own body type by obtaining the classification function from these five items.

• Journal of Hydrospace Technology
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.1-9
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• 1996

We consider the following two questions mainly in this study. First one is how the free surface hayes affect the lift of a shallowly submerged moving body. For this matte., we reinterpret the theoretical results of Kochin(1936), and point out that the high Froude number approximation is not always on the safer side. Second one is what sort of dimensionless parameters determine the occurrence of wave breaking behind a moving submerged body. Temporarily before getting a better answer, we propose that the two-parameter-plane, namely, the plane of the Froude number and the square root of the ratio of the submerged depth and the body length, may be used for predicting the possibility of wave breaking behind the submerged body. A region in the parameter plane is put forth as that of wave breaking, and the validity of this proposal is shown by its agreement with the existing experimental data of Parkin et al(1955) and those of Duncan(1983). Finally, linear and nonlinear numerical results are compared with the existing experimental data to see in what range of the parameters the linear and nonlinear theory case predict the wave field and the pressure on the body with reasonable accuracy. However, since the experimental data, which offer both the pressure and wave elevation for a submerged moving body, are very scarce, much cannot be attained through this comparative study. Hence, it is strongly recommended to carry out well planned experiments to get such data.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.130-137
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• 2003

Water, in a living being, is as essential as the essence derived from food is in maintaining one's life. The concepts are expressed in forms of "food and drink" and "drink-food" in the ${\mathbb{\ulcorner}}Hwangjenakyoung{\mathbb{\lrcorner}}$ and most of the other oriental medicine related references. Following the steps of the human body's metabolism, the water source builds up characteristic formations, such as bodily fluids (blood/perspiration/urine/essence), in each transforming phase according to the nature of the Ki that propels the transformation. Furthermore, each characteristic formations has its' own suitable duties, distinctive features and its field of activation. The vital energy of life is identified as a positive property due its fluidity and its formless nature. In order for this vital energy to come into its own, it needs to weld into one with the material-natured body of the negative property which will embrace the positive property and transform it into body fluid. Water taken into a body will undergo the first activation of Ki, dissolving the Wigi and the Wongi and transforming into the primary body fluid. The delicates among the dissolved Ki will once again go through a transformation in the Jungcho. It will turn into red blood, with influence of the vital function. When the vital energy completes its duties in all parts of the body, it combines with water again and transforms into the secondary bodily fluid. This is when the Takgi gets filtered and the new enriched essence is created.

• Korean Journal of Human Ecology
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.37-48
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• 2007

The purpose of this study was to investigate the proper combination of ensemble suit details for the body silhouette of elderly women. In this study, the principal component analysis was used to search for the proper combination of suit details for covering defects of body which has been changed unbalanced. The designs of evaluated suits were manipulated in 18 different kinds by the essential elements such as collars, neckline(round neckline, shirt collar, tailored collar), types of one-piece dress(pleats type, gather type, flare type), and opening(opened, closed). The data evaluated by a multiple ranking test was analyzed by mean, paired t-test, ANOVA and Duncan's multiple ranged test. The results were summarized as follows: In case of normal body type, it had complementary effects for upper body with closed round neckline jacket or shirt collar jacket, and for lower and the whole body with a combination of closed tailored collar jacket or shirt collar jacket with pleats or gored type one piece dress. The visual effect for elderly women's body shape was different in opened or closed jacket. And that enhanced by Jacket with collar.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.43 no.1
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• pp.51-64
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• 2019

This study provides basic information for the convenient size selection of shirts in the online purchasing environment. The preferred shirt fit was compared according to body size group. The subjects were 111 students majoring in clothing. After setting a virtual model with her own body sizes, subjects chose the best preferred fit among four sizes shirts which included the shirt suitable to her bust circumference, one size smaller shirt, one size larger shirt, and a two size larger shirt. They generally preferred the original size, but the preferred shirt fit was different by the body characteristics such as stature, waist height, or the ratio of Biacromion and drop. Shirt length was affected by stature and sleeve length was affected by waist height. The shoulder ease was mostly affected by the ratio of the shoulder length. Waist fit and hip fit were influenced by waist and hip. Therefore, the body parts affecting the preferred fit of each shirt part were different and the effect of body shape was stronger than body size.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture
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• v.37 no.3
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• pp.256-264
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• 2022

This study was undertaken to examine body image distortion among female adolescents and identify related factors. Raw data from the 14th Korean Youth Health Behavior Survey were used. The proportion of participants exhibiting body image distortion was 39.5%, with the ratio being higher among female students of normal weight as compared to underweight female students. Logistic regression revealed that the risk of having a distorted body image was higher among high school females than in middle school females having lower subjective academic performance and household economic status. In addition, the risk of having a distorted body image was higher for students who drank alcohol when compared to students who did not drink, for the group engaging vigorously in physical activity (exercise) more than three times per week as opposed to the group exercising less than three times per week, and for the group consuming less than one serving of fruit per day as compared to the group consuming more than one serving of fruit per day. Taken together, the results of this study indicate that continuous nutrition education needs to be provided so that adolescents can correctly perceive their body images and form desirable eating habits.

• Journal of English Language & Literature
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• v.56 no.6
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• pp.1281-1294
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• 2010

In Written on the Body, by creating the narrator's ungendered and unsexed identity, Winterson makes her text open to the reader's assumption of the narrator's sexual and gender identity. Thus, this novel has been read, on the one hand, as a lesbian text by those who assume that the narrator is a female and, on the other hand, as a suspicious text colluding with patriarchal and heterosexual values by those who define the narrator as a male. Those readings of the narrator as one of either sex/gender, however, demonstrate how (academic as well as general) readers have been accustomed to the gender-based reading habits in which textual meanings are dichotomously arranged along the lines of sex and gender of characters. Challenging those dualistic "gendered" readings, this paper reads Winterson's Written on the Body as a queer text which interrogates, troubles, and subverts the heterosexual concepts of narrative, desire, and body without reducing the narrator's identity to the essentialist sex and gender system. More specifically, this paper examines how the narrator's 'un-/over-' determined sexual and gender identity queers the narrative structure of author-character-reader; how the narrator's queer (fluid) desire is passing and traveling across categorical contours of (homo-/hetero-) sexual desires; how Winterson challenges the concept of a coherent body and queers the concept of body as a hermeneutic text with myriad textual grids which are not coherently mapped by power but randomly inscribed by nomadic desires.

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.10 no.6
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• pp.930-942
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• 2005

This study was performed to investigate body image perceptions of women about themselves and their preschool children and also to investigate the relationship between these perceptions. Subjects were 545 women and their children (279 boys and 268 girls) residing in Daejeon city. $67.7\%$ of women were classified as normal group, $18.6\%$ as overweight group, and $13.8\%$ as underweight group by BMI. $68.5\%\;and\;78.7\%$ of their boys and girls, respectively, were classified as normal group, $22.4\%\;and\;16.4\%$ as overweight group, $9.1\%\;and\;4.9\%$ as underweight group by WLI. Women made relatively accurate judgments on their current body sizes and selected their body images as the most desirable one. But they preferred plumper figures for their children and failed to perceive their overweight children as overweight. While $74.7\%$ of women wished to be thinner, $81.1\%$ of them wished their children to be fatter. Women spending less then 100 thousand won and more than 500 thousand won as monthly food expenses and having only one child perceived their children's current body sizes the lowest and the highest, respectively. Women wished boys to be fatter than girls. Their current body sizes were correlated positively with the children's current body size (p < .01), and their healthiest, attractive, and 'wish' figures were correlated positively with children's current, healthiest, attractive, and 'wish' figures (p < .05- p < .01). Body size dissatisfaction (wish to be thinner) and BMI of women were correlated negatively with children's healthiest and attractive figures (p < .01). These findings suggest that in order to correct the women's body image misperceptions and to prevent childhood obesity, mother's perception about healthy body images for themselves and their children need to be included in nutrition education. Also, it is necessary to assist mothers to understand the relationship of body size and weight status with the risk of chronic disease which might appear later in their children's life. (Korean J Community Nutrition 10(6) : $930\∼942$, 2005)

• Korean Journal of Human Ecology
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.169-176
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• 2006

This study explored elderly American women's body satisfaction and clothing consciousness with the methods of survey and body measurement. To that end, I first investigated their self-perception of body size and body satisfaction and also the relationships between those, along with the relationships between body measurements and body satisfaction. Then, I analyzed the differences in elderly women's body satisfaction and clothing consciousness among different body type groups. For the last, I examined the degree of their body thinness or obesity and ideal body size in order to explore the standard for ideal body shape among elderly women. Elderly American women were satisfied with most of their body parts except waist circumference and weight. Body satisfaction with stature, weight, and hip circumference was correlated to both size perception and body measurement. Body satisfaction with thigh circumference and leg length was correlated to size perception, and also that with waist circumference and neck length to body measurement. Size perception showed differences among body types, but body satisfaction did not show notable differences among body types. There were significant differences between real size and ideal one. Elderly American women thought that clothing was important in their everyday life.