• 한국식품영양학회지
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• 제22권4호
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• pp.577-586
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• 2009

Aging is associated with decreased energy expenditure, thermogenesis and energy requirements. Maintenance of physical fitness of the elderly has been reported to reduce the rate at which the basal metabolic rate, muscle strength, skeletal muscle mass and bone density deteriorate. Skeletal muscle disease is known to increase the risk of physical disability and psychological problems. This study was conducted to investigate changes in disability, emotional problems, body compositions, obesity indices and nutrient intake levels according to physical fitness with the elderly in rural areas. According to the results, physical fitness was negatively related with Activities of Daily Living(ADL, p<0.05), Instrumental Activities of Daily Living(IADL, p<0.001), Body Mass Index(BMI, p<0.001) and abdominal obesity(p<0.05), while it showed a positive correlation with the General Self Efficacy Scale(GSES)(p<0.001) and nutrient intake(p<0.05). When changes in these factors were compared according to the range of quartile of the Fullerton Advanced Balance Scale(FAB Scale), GSES(Q1=35.3, Q2=43.5, Q3=53.2, Q4=51.9, p<0.001), BMI(Q1=36.1%, Q2=34.7%, Q3=33.2%, Q4=28.6%, p<0.01), abdominal obesity(Q1=1.02, Q2=0.99, Q3=0.97, Q4=0.94, p<0.001) and nutrient intake(Q1=71.1%, Q2=75.4%, Q3=80.6%, Q4=80.2%, p<0.05) differed significantly. Taken together, these results suggested that better physical fitness would lead to a reduction in negative factors including physical disability and obesity indices, but to an increase in positive factors such as GSES and nutrient intake. The results of this study are expected to be used as basic data for the development of programs to promote the health of the elderly in a local society.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제34권2호
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• pp.198-212
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• 2001

This study was designed to compare the prevalence rate of obesity, food attitude, food frequency and food habits between children in Kangnung and Seoul areas. 1,005 children aged 9-12 were included in this study. They were composed of 343 children living in Kangnung from one elementary school, and 662 children in Seoul from two elementary schools. The body weight, height, waist and hip circumferences of children were measured and food frequency scores of Korean and Western foods were examined by questionnaire. And questionnaires about food attitude, food habits and life style were administered to the mother of each child. There was no significant difference in body weight and obesity index among three groups(one school of Kangnung area and two schools of Seoul area). The male children\`s prevalence rates of obesity in Kangnung and two schools(A, B) of Seoul were 10.3%, 10.3% and 7.3%, respectively. Female children\`s prevalence rate were 5.4%, 4.7%, and 6.3%, respectively. Children in Seoul turned out to more frequently eat such Korean foods like pulkogi, kalbi and fried rice and such western foods like butter, margarine, hamburger, pizza, and fried chicken. Children in Seoul had more tendency to eat regularly and spent less time in sleeping and watching TV and more time in exercise than the respondents in Kangnung. The obesity index of parents had a significantly positive correlation with that of children. These results suggest that children in Seoul have tendency to eat high-energy food frequently and to have more energy expenditure than children in Kangnung. In conclusion, further studies on the evaluation of energy intake and energy expenditure of obese and normal children different in area should be conducted. (Korean J Nutrition 34(1) : 198∼212, 2001)

• 대한지역사회영양학회지
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• 제2권1호
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• pp.13-22
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• 1997

The purpose of this survey was to investigate the prevalence of obesity, eating habits and life styles of children. This survey was carried out anthropometry and questionnaires in 180 male and 141 female students of fifth-grade at Dongmak elementary school. The results are summarized as follows : 1)18.2% of the male and 19.3% of female students were obese. Underweight group was 10.5% of the male and 15.0% of the female students. 2) Average height of male and female students were 142.0㎝, 144.0㎝ and weight of those were 35.8㎏ and 37.1㎏ respectively. The height and skinfold thickness of the triceps in female students were significantly higher than those of male students and body fat content in female students was significantly lower than that of male students. There was no difference in BMI, RW and RI between male and female students. The average BMI, RW, RI were 17.7, 25.4, 124.0, respectively. 3) The student's height was positively related to parent's height and moth's weight. There were significantly positive correlation between mother's and subject's weight. BMI, RW and RI were positively related to parent's BMI. 4) 78.3% of male and 51.8% of female students had prejudice for special food, and 45.5% of male and 34.5% of female students had an overeating habit. Male students had significanthy higher rate than female in both cases. Average eating time per meal was 18.9 minutes for male and 21.0 minutes for female students. Experience for taking nutrient supplement in male student was more than that in female. Obese group had prejudice for special food, overeating habit and rapid eating rate more than any other groups. The prevalence of obesity among the children is gradually increasing. Therefore, in order to prevent progress into adulthood obesity, nutrition education including the right perception for obesity and eating behavior modification was needed.

• 한국식생활문화학회지
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• 제29권6호
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• pp.668-676
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• 2014

The purpose of this study was to determine anthropometric measurements, dietary nutrient intakes, simple food intake frequencies, and rates of obesity in Cambodian women. A total 186 women, aged 20-69 years, living in Kampong Spue province of Cambodia and having the responsibility to prepare family meals participated in this study. Height and weight were measured body mass index (BMI) was calculated, and one-day 24-hour recall and food frequency questionnaires were conducted. In total, 18.8% were underweight, 49.5% were normal weight, 13.4% were overweight, and 18.3% were obese according to the World Health Organization BMI standard for Asians. No significant difference in height by obesity level was determined ($p{\geq}0.05$). The mean energy intake was 1571.2 kcal/day and protein intake was 43.6 g/day. There were significant differences in protein, niacin, and vitamin C intakes by obesity level (p<0.05). The prevalence of subjects consuming vitamins and minerals less than 75% of Recommended Dietary Allowances was 73-99%. All Cambodian women consumed rice ${\geq}1time/day$. Approximately 50% of subjects reported ${\geq}1time/day$ intake frequency of bread, cookies, and chips. In total, 35% indicated no intake of beans or bean products. For intake frequencies of carbonated beverages and sports drinks, there was a significant difference by obesity level (p<0.05). These results may be very helpful to prepare nutrition education programs for Cambodian women.

• 농촌의학ㆍ지역보건
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• 제31권2호
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• pp.177-185
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• 2006

2004년 5월부터 7월까지 광주광역시 일부지역 관내 28개 초등학교 31,510명(남자 16,653명, 여자 14,857명)의 신장과 체중의 자료를 수집하였다. 수집된 자료는 대한소아과학회(홍창희, 2003)에서 나온 소아발육표준치를 기준으로 신장별 표준 체중표를 이용하여 비만도(%)=(실측체중-신장별 표준체중)/신장별 표준체중*100로 산출하였다. 산출된 비만도는 20~29.9%는 경도비만, 30~49.9%는 중증도 비만, 50%이상은 고도비만으로 분류하여 SAS PC+ 8.0 program을 이용하여 분석한 결과는 다음과 같다. 1. 신장과 체중은 학년이 올라감에 따라 남학생과 여학생 모두 학년 간에 유의하게 향상하였다 (p<.001). 저학년에서는 여학생이 남학생 보다 신장이 작았으나 4학년때 키가 비슷해지고 5, 6학년에는 여학생이 남학생보다 신장이 큰것으로 나타났으며, 4학년을 제외한 모든 학년에서 남학생과 여학생의 신장은 통계적으로 유의한 차이가 있었다(p< .001). 모든 학년에서 남학생의 체중은 여학생의 체중보다 무거웠으며, 6학년을 제외하고는 남학생과 여학생의 체중은 통계적으로 유의한 차이가 있었다(p< .001). 2. 초등학교 학생의 비만율은 전체가 10.3%이었고, 남학생 (11.6%)이 여학생(8.8%)보다 비만율이 높았으며, 통계적으로 유의한 차이가 있었다(p< .001). 특히 4학년 남학생의 비만율이 13.7%로 가장 높았다. 비만아동의 분포는 남학생의 경우는 경도비만이 6.5%, 중등도비만 4.4%, 고도비만 0.7% 순이었고, 여학생의 경우는 경도비만 5.2%, 중등도비만 3.1%, 고도비만 0.4% 순으로 나타났다. 3. 비만도별 비만아동 실태는 전체 비만아동은 3,231명으로 경도비만이 57.4%, 중등도비만이 37.1%, 고도비만이 5.5%로 나타났다. 남학생의 경우는 경도비만 55.9%, 중등도비만 38.0%, 고도비만 6.0% 순이었고, 여학생의 경우는 경도비만 59.5%, 중등도비만 35.8%, 고도비만 4.7% 순으로 나타났다. 또한 비만도가 30% 이상인 중증도 이상의 비만아동은 여학생보다 남학생의 비율이 높았다. 4. 학년에 대한 성별 비만율은 1학년 (p< .05), 4-6학년 (p< .001)에서 남학생이 여학생보다 비만율 높았으며 이는 통계적으로 유의한 차이가 있었다. 5. 고학년 학생 (11.0%)의 비만율이 저학년학생(9.5%)보다 높았으며 이는 통계적으로 유의한 차이가 있었다(p< .001). 이상의 결과들을 종합하여 보면 초등학생의 비만율은 여학생보다 남학생에서, 저학년보다 고학년에서 더 높게 나타났다. 아동비만은 점차 증가하고 있고 질병의 이환과 밀접한 관계가 있으므로 비만을 예방하고 체계적으로 관리할 수 있는 프로그램을 개발 실시하되, 비만율이 높은 고학년의 남학생을 중점적으로 관리해야함을 시사한다.

• 한국학교ㆍ지역보건교육학회지
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.47-61
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• 2008

Objectives: This study examined to explain the practical health behaviour and health-related quality of life, and their influencing factors in high school students. Methods: Total of 718 high school students from 1 school in Seoul were assessed with a self-administered questionnaire regarding general characteristics, health related characteristics, obesity index(Height and weight calculated by using the relative weight law: obesity group>20%, overweight group $10{\sim}20%$, normal weight group $-10{\sim}10%$, under weight group <-10%), health behaviour in school-aged children(eating, exercise and weight control) and health-related quality of life(PedsQLTM4.0 Generic Core Scale: physical health, emotional functioning, social functioning, school functioning). Results: Major results were as follows. 1. The rate of obesity by obesity index was 5.3% of high school students. Obesity incidence in adolescents was mainly associated with gender and parents whether obesity. 2. Perceived health status was lower in obese adolescents than in normal adolescents. 3. The rate of miss a breakfast was 37.9%, and obesity group than normal weight group were fruits, vegetables and milk intake at least, a lot of fastfood intake. During the past week, followed by intense physical activity, and overweight consumed a lot of time for TV and the Internet. Overall, under weight group and normal weight group belong to the students evaluated fatter than themselves. Weight control for weight loss, gain and maintain was grater in obesity group than in normal weight group. Weight loss showed highest scores in overweight group which appeared significant difference. 4. Obese adolescents compared with other groups, reported lower total QOL score and all QOL in domain, and especially social functioning showed significant differences. 5. Factors influencing the adolescents's QOL were found to be gender, perceived health status and exercise. Conclusions: High school girls were aware of their bad health status and likely to improve the QOL by practicing health behaviour. But obese adolescents were likely to degrade the quality of life by reducing the practice of health behaviors. So further school-based education about proper practical health behaviors and obesity prevention is necessary.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.746-752
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• 2011

본 연구는 BMI와 체지방율을 이용하여 비만도를 평가하고, 관상동맥질환위험인자들과 비만도와의 관련성을 검토하고자 2008년 1월부터 2009년 12월까지 2년 동안에 한 대학병원 건강검진센타에 내원하여 종합건강검진을 받았던 30세 이상의 일반 시민 3,731명(남자 2,312명, 여자 1,419명)을 분석대상으로 하였다. 연구결과 BMI와 체지방율을 대비하여 평가한 비만도는 "정상군"30.2%, "외관형 비만군"8.9%, "체지방형 비만군"31.2%, "비만군"29.8%이었다. 남성은 여성에 비해 "정상군"과 "외관형 비만군"의 비율이 높은 반면, 여성은 남성에 비해 "체지방형 비만군"과 "비만군"의 비율이 유의하게 높았으며, 연령별로는 40대와 50대 연령군에서 "비만군"의 비율이 유의하게 높았다. CRF치의 변화에서 SBP, DBP, TC, HDL-C, LDL-C 및 TG는 "정상군"보다 "외관형 비만군"과 "비만군"에서 유의하게 높았고, SBP, TC 및 LDL-C는 "정상군"보다 "체지방형 비만군"과 "비만군"에서 유의하게 높았다. 비만도에 따른 CRF 증가의 위험비는 "정상군"에 비해 "비만군"에서 가장 높았으며, 다음은 "외관형 비만군", "체지방형 비만군"의 순으로 위험비가 높아졌다.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제15권17호
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• pp.7149-7152
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• 2014

A large number of epidemiological studies have demonstrated that obesity is a risk factor for several human cancers. Several animal studies using rodents with diet-induced or genetic obesity have also demonstrated that obesity can promote tumor development. However, the effects of obesity on the early stages of carcinogenesis, and especially on the spontaneous occurrence of somatic gene mutations, remain unclear. To investigate the effects of obesity on the rate of spontaneous gene mutations, we performed reporter gene mutation assays in liver, kidney, and colon, organs in which obesity appears to be associated with cancer development on the basis of epidemiological or animal studies, in mice with high fat diet (HFD)-induced obesity. Six-week-old male and female C57BL/6 gpt delta mice were fed HFD or standard diet (STD) for 13 or 26 weeks. At the end of the experiments, reporter gene mutation assays of liver, kidney, and colon were performed. Final body weights and serum leptin levels of male and female mice fed HFD for 13 or 26 weeks were significantly increased compared with corresponding STD-fed groups. Reporter gene mutation assays of liver, kidney, and colon revealed that there were no significant differences in gpt or $Spi^-$ mutant frequencies between STD- and HFD-fed mice in either the 13-week or 26-week groups. These results indicate that HFD treatment and consequent obesity does not appear to influence the spontaneous occurrence of somatic gene mutations.

• 한국학교보건학회지
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.27-44
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• 1999

Obesity in children is a major concern of public health. This study was performed to illuminate its effect on weight control program and the associated factors of obesity-related habits and obesity index in primary school obese children. Weight control program consisted of behavioral modification, nutrition education and exercise during 17 weeks. The sample consisted of treatment group(n=42) and control group(n=41). There was no statistical difference between the two groups in obesity index, socioeconomic status and grade. To assess the effects of weight control program, the subjects were given pre-test and post-test such as the measurement of anthropometric values and self-reporting questionnaire. This result of this study were as follows; 1. After weight control program was applied, there was a significant decrease in obesity index among the treatment group. Obesity-related habits score of the treatment group increased significantly, While there was not much difference between the pre-test and the post-test among the control group. But exercise habit didn't increase significantly in the both groups. 2. Correlation between obesity-related habits and obesity index were not evident. 3. After application of weight control program, the factors associated with change of eating habit were children's past experience of weight control, motivational change toward weight control program and friends' support for treatment group. The factors associated with change of exercise habit were post-test motivation score and friends' support. Motivational change toward weight control and pre-test self-efficacy of exercise behavior were counter-related to exercise habit. For change of other obesity-related habits, initial obesity index, motivational change, post-test self-efficacy score of exercise behavior and paternal educational status were closely associated. But post-test self-efficacy score of eating behavior was unrelated. 4. Only the factor of experience of weight control was associated with change of obesity index. 5. For the both groups, the factors associated with change of eating habits were post-test self-efficacy of eating behavior and family's support. The factors associated with change of exercise behavior were self-efficacy changes of exercise behavior and friends' support. The factors associated with change of other obesity-related habits were self-efficacy change of eating behavior. Initial obesity index was associated with change of obesity index. 6. The rate of dropouts from weight control program was 28.6% (12/42) in treatment group. Initial obesity index, other obesity-related habits except eating exercise habits, friend's support were associated with dropout. In conclusion, these results indicated that weight control program in primary school settings was effective. Direct exercise regimen and practice was demanded. In addition to the program itself, much of the success is dependent on the degree of motivation of the children involved and support provided by their parents and friends. Further study need to be performed under the condition that the weight control progrom is applied for a longer period.

• 한국의류산업학회지
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• 제8권6호
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• pp.697-701
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• 2006

The physical traits and the body fat rate of women in 20s~30s in China and Korea, which are very adjacent to each other but different, were compared and examined. By this research, the physical type of women in both countries were examined, and the result was as follows. As Chinese women in 20s~30s got older their weight become heavier. In the case of circumference items, the significance was acknowledged in all the items except items of chest circumference, hip circumference and stature. On the other hand, as Korean women in 20s~30 got older their stature decreased, but their weight got heavier. In the case of circumference items, the significant was acknowledged in all the items except items of thigh circumference, calf circumference and minimum leg circumference. In addition, the value of anthropometry of Chinese and Korean women had some difference. Especially item chest circumference and hip circumference were higher in Korean women, and these body sizes were related with the obesity. Also, it was revealed that Korean women were exposed to obesity more than Chinese women. In the case of both Chinese and Korean women, the index of obesity belonged to the range of normality, but the body fat rate and BMI Index of Korean women were a little higher than in Chinese women.