• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.19-28
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• 1998

For cultivation on sawdust-bed of oak-mushroom until present time, inoculation of spawn on sawdust bed has been performed by sawdust spawn. But, liquid spawn may have advantages for rapid mass production of spawn, and now, sawdust-cultivation by liquid spawn inoculation should be applied instead of sawdust spawn. Therefore, investigations were performed to evaluate the effect of sawdust-cultivation by liquid spawn inoculation. The results were as follows: 1. When 11 kinds of liquid media were applied, the oak-mushroom culture medium was the most excellent in growth. Most suitable temperature at PDA was $25^{\circ}C$, and $22.5\sim27.5^{\circ}C$ in range were optimal for liquid culture. In liquid culture, amount of mycelial growth increases rapidly up to 40 days of cultivation. Incubation at fermentor brought yield of 106mg dry mycelia per 40ml media after 17 days. 2. In 1l-spawn bottle, growth of mycelium by inoculation of 20ml-liquid spawns were faster than 6g-sawdust spawn in spread of mycelia. On 2kg-bag culture, inoculations of 10ml-, 20ml- and 30ml-liquid spawns were all slower than 20g-sawdust spawn in mycelial spread. So, amount increasement in ampunt of liquid spawn should be discussed. Yields of mushrooms until third sproutings of 2kg-bag culture were 580g in 30ml-liquid spawn inoculation, but 510g, 486g and 470g from 20g-sawdust spawn, 20ml-liquid spawn and 10ml-liquid spawn, respectively. Thus, 30ml-liquid spawn inoculation was highest in yield.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.36 no.4
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• pp.648-654
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• 2004

Physiological functionality of browned oak mushroom was evaluated with focusing its electron-donating ability to DPPH radicals, scavenging ability to superoxide radicals and hydroxyl radicals, and inhibitory activity on lipid peroxidation. The results showed that overall antioxidative activities of browned oak mushroom were superior to those of raw oak mushroom with marketable quality, implying possible involvement of resultant browning reaction products in an increment of antioxidativity. The increased radical-scavenging ability was suggested to mainly be exerted by direct quenching of both superoxide and hydroxyl radicals, not by inhibition of xanthine oxidase activity and $Fe^{2+}$ chelation, respectively. Collectively, these results indicate a possible use of unmarketable browned mushroom as a material for manufacturing various processed functional foods.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.46 no.4
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• pp.393-403
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• 2018

Bio-aerosols transported by the air have been considered as the major source of dispersal agents that contaminate agricultural products. Unseen fungal spores are known sources of bio-aerosols that harm mushroom and human health during mushroom cultivation. This study was conducted to obtain basic data on the concentration and species distribution of fungi present in the indoor air of oak mushroom cultivation houses in Korea. In 2015 and 2016, we sampled and analyzed indoor airborne fungal spores 21 times from 13 oak mushroom cultivation farms located in six different provinces. The concentration of airborne fungi ranged from $1.30{\times}10^2$ to $1.59{\times}10^4cfu/m^3$. Surprisingly, in 20 sampling cases, the fungal concentration exceeded $500cfu/m^3$, which is recommended as the indoor air quality standard by the Ministry of Environment, Korea. A total of 450 fungi were isolated and identified to belong to 33 genera and 46 species. Among the identified fungi, human pathogens (4 genera and 4 species) and plant pathogens (10 genera and 13 species) were present. In addition, Trichoderma harzianum, Trichoderma atroviride, and Trichoderma longibrachiatum, which are detrimental species that affect mushroom health, were found 17 out of 21 sampling times. Our results provide evidence that indoor air quality should be improved for better management of mushroom cultivation houses.

• Journal of Mushroom
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.342-346
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• 2018

The temperature and humidity of 49 greenhouses for oak mushroom cultivation were investigated for 5 years to analyze the trends in the change of these parameters according to the climate change in Korea. The 5-year average temperature and humidity were $24.7^{\circ}C$ and 60.5%, respectively, in sawdust media-based cultivation houses and $24.4^{\circ}C$ and 60.0%, respectively, in log-bed cultivation houses. The average temperature in the summer was $29.8^{\circ}C$ in 2016, $29.1^{\circ}C$ in 2017, and $33.3^{\circ}C$ in 2018 in the log-bed cultivation houses and $26.8^{\circ}C$ in 2016, $20.4^{\circ}C$ in 2017, and $24.2^{\circ}C$ in 2018 in the sawdust media-based cultivation houses. During the investigation, temperatures over $30^{\circ}C$ were detected in one cultivation house in spring and five such houses in summer. When classifying by cultivation type, temperatures over $30^{\circ}C$ were found in five log-bed cultivation houses and temperatures less than $20^{\circ}C$ were found in four log-bed cultivation houses in fall. This study shows that log-bed cultivation houses for oak mushroom need to be modified to cope with the climate change.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.74-76
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• 2002

This study unexpectedly detected a deletion in the promoter region of ras gene in two Korean strains of oak mushrooms, Lentinula edodes (Berk.). Sequencing of the promoter regions revealed that one type consisting of two strains had a 113 bp deletion in the region. The pas promoter region of Korean strains differed by 16 bases from that of the Japanese strains. Between the two types of Korean strains, except for the deleted portion, only a single site appeared to be different.

• Toxicological Research
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.147-152
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• 2003

We investigated antitumor activities of the ethanol extract from mushroom Phellinus linteus and Phellinus baumii on mulberry, oak and elm. in vitro test, the ethanol extract of mushroom cultivated on oak of Phellinus linteus showed highest activities about SK-OV-3, HCT15, XF498, SK-MEL-2 and A549. SK-OV-3 cell line showed 100% cytotoxicity in 100 $\mu\textrm{g}$/ml and HCT15 (98.39%), XF498 (89.62%), SK-MEL-2 (84.07%) and A549 (79.92%) cytotoxicity respectively. Also $IC_{50}$ showed 3.99 $\mu\textrm{g}$/ml to SK-OV-3 cell line and HCT15 (4.37 $\mu\textrm{g}$/ml), A549 (5.48 $\mu\textrm{g}$/ml), SK-MEL-2 (6.72 $\mu\textrm{g}$/ml), XF 498 (6.88 $\mu\textrm{g}$/ml). As those results, cultivated oak of Phellinus linteus showed a very low $IC_{50}$ value against SK-OV-3, HCT15, XF498, SK-MEL-2 and A549 cancer cell lines.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.38-40
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• 2000

Anamorph and teleomorph of Diatrype stigma on the bed-log inoculated with oak-mushroom (Lentinula edodes) in Korea were observed and identified. As the characters of anamorph of Diatrype stigma, conidia were hyaline, falcate or slightly curve, and $1{\sim}1.5{\times}12.5{\sim}17.5\;{\mu}m$, and conidia layer was confirmed under the bark. About teleomorph, perithecia $150{\sim}200{\times}450{\sim}500\;{\mu}m$, with ostiole ($30{\sim}40\;{\mu}m$, three- to four-sulcate). Size of ascus containing 8 ascospores was $5{\sim}6{\times}30{\sim}40\;{\mu}m$. Ascospores were hyaline to pale brown, $1.5{\sim}2{\times}5{\sim}7.5\;{\mu}m$ and mostly biguttulate.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.7-14
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• 1993

To increase the production of mushrooms and the economic efficiency of mushroom cultivation, the pinchips(PC) and sawdusts(SD) of three Korean oak species were tested as cultivating media for Lentinus edodes with varing the composition of the media. The results are as follows. 1. Organic acids(tannic acid and citric acid), which were added in the PC medium to enrich the quality of mushrooms, did not increase the growths of the mycelia and the quality. 2. The mushrooms were able to be harvrested from six months after beginning the cultivation. No significant differences were found among the qualities of the mushrooms produced by various treatments. 3. The production rate of mushroom was relatively high with, 28.4~29.3% (700~730gr./2,500gr pack). The net profit estimated was about 1,450 won per pack.

• Journal of Mushroom
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.185-189
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• 2023

This study was conducted to develop a renewable and sustainable bio-material to replace polystyrene (EPS) in fungal-mycelium-based composite using agricultural by-products. Four mushrooms (Ganoderma lucidum, Fomitella fraxinea, Phellinus linteus, and Schizophyllum commune) were cultured in an oak sawdust plus rice bran substrate to select the mushroom with the best growth. The mycelia of G. lucidum showed the best growth. To investigate the optimal mixing ratio with spent mushroom substrate (SM) and oak sawdust (OS), samples were prepared by mixing SM and OS at ratios of 50%:50%, 60%:40%, and 80%:20% (w/w). Each substrate was then inoculated with G. lucidum. G. lucidum showed the best mycelial growth of 140.0 mm in the substrate with SM and OS mixed at a 60%:40% ratio. It was also found that the substrate with SM and OS mixed at a 60%:40% ratio had the best handling properties. The compressive strength of mycelial materials inoculated with G. lucidum was in the range of 300-302 kgf mm^-1, and the materials were four times stronger than polystyrene materials. These results indicate that substrates comprising spent mushroom substrate mixed with oak sawdust can be successfully upcycled to mycelium-based composite materials using G. lucidum. This represents a sustainable approach.

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.29-34
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• 1987

ABSTRACT$.$ Ethylene oxide (E.O) fumigation and gamma irradiation were applied to compar$.$ ative researches on the microbiological, physical and cooking quality of dried oak mushroom stored at $25^{\circ}C$ and different relative humidities. The equivalent moisture contents of dried oak mushroom for the limiting growth of general molds and xerophilic mold at $25^{\circ}C$ were shown to be 17% and 27% respectively. Total aerobic bacteria, molds and coliforms were sterilized at 5 kGy irradiation but E.O. fumigation was proved insufficient to eliminate the molds. The hydration rate of dried oak mushroom increased according to the increase of irradiation dose and soaking temperatures. and an irradiation by 5 kGy could shorten the hydration time of the sample as compared to E.O. treatment and control group. Sensory evaluation for the irradiated cooked sample was not significantly different in flavour but the texture of the gamma irradiated sample was significantly better(p < 0.01) than that of E. O. fumigated sample.sample.