• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제14권11호
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• pp.5800-5808
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• 2013

고지방식이로 비만을 유도한 ICR 생쥐를 동물 모델로 하여 7종의 Aspergillus속 미생물로 발효시킨 발효비지의 항비만 효과를 조사하였다. 수컷 ICR 생쥐에 5주간 고지방 식이를 실시하여 비만을 유도하고 고지방식이에 발효비지 2%를 첨가하여 6주 동안 사육하였으며, 체중, 섭취량, 혈청 총콜레스테롤, 중성지질, Alanine transaminase과 high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, 간성 glutathione과 lipid peroxide를 측정하였다. 체중의 경우에 AE4 발효 비지를 식이한 군에서 가장 많이 감소 (31.33%, P<0.05)하였고 간성 GSH와 ALT증가로 고지방혈증이 저해되었다. 이상의 결과로부터 Aspergillus속 미생물로 발효시킨 발효비지는 항비만 효과가 있는 것으로 나타났으며, 나아가 인체에서도 유의한 비만개선 작용을 기대할 수 있을 것으로 사료된다.

• Natural Product Sciences
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• 제28권4호
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• pp.161-167
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• 2022

Obesity is a complex metabolic disorder that increases the risk for type 2 diabetes, hyperlipidemia, hypertension, and atherosclerosis. In this study, we evaluated the anti-obesity effects of Nelumbo nucifera leaf (NL) extract in 3T3-L1 adipocytes and obese db/db mice. NL extract among various parts (leaf, seed, and root) of N. nucifera most effectively reduced adipogenesis via inhibiting CCAAT enhancer binding protein α (C/EBPα) and peroxisome proliferator activated receptor γ (PPARγ) expression in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. The addition of NL extract enhanced the protein expression of uncoupling protein 2 (UCP2) as compared to untreated 3T3-L1 adipocytes. The oral administration of NL extract (100 mg/kg BW) significantly reduced food efficacy ratio, body weight, and face or total cholesterol level in obese db /db mice. Also, administration of NL extract significantly decreased adipocyte size and C/EBPα or PPARγ expression in the adipose tissues as compared with control (obese db/db mice). Therefore, our results suggest that NL extract among various parts of N. nucifera could be used as a functional food ingredient for the prevention and treatment of metabolic diseases including obesity and diabetes.

• ALGAE
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• 제38권1호
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• pp.81-92
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• 2023

Obesity-induced inflammation is crucial in the pathogenesis of insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes. In this study, we investigated the effects of the Gracilaria chorda (GC) on lipid accumulation and obesity-induced inflammatory changes or glucose homeostasis in cell models (3T3-L1 adipocytes and RAW 264.7 macrophages). Samples of GC were extracted using solvents (water, methanol, and ethanol) and subcritical water (SW) at different temperatures (90, 150, and 210℃). The total phenolic content of GCSW extract at 210℃ (GCSW210) showed the highest content compared to others, and GCSW210 highly inhibited lipid accumulation and significantly reduced gene expressions of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ, CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein-α, sterol regulatory element-binding protein-1c, and fatty acid synthase in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. In addition, GCSW210 effectively downregulated the pro-inflammatory cytokine regulator pathways in RAW 264.7 macrophages, including mitogen-activated protein kinase, signal transducers and activators of transcription and nuclear factor-κB. In co-culture of 3T3-L1 adipocytes and RAW 264.7 macrophages, GCSW210 significantly reduced nitric oxide production and interleukin-6 levels, and improved glucose uptake with dose-dependent manner. These findings suggest that GCSW210 improves glucose metabolism by attenuating obesity-induced inflammation in adipocytes, which may be used as a possible treatment option for managing obesity and associated metabolic disorders.

• 한국식품영양학회지
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• 제26권3호
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• pp.591-600
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• 2013

This study investigated the changes in the nutraceutical lipid components of brown rice oil after germination. Four different high-yielding cultivars (Dasan1, Segyejinmi, Hanareum1 and Hanareum2) of Korean brown rice were selected and brown rice oil was extracted from each cultivar before and after germination. Free fatty acid, squalene, policosanols, and isomers of phytosterol were analyzed using GC, and isomers of tocols (tocopherol and tocotrienol) and ${\gamma}$-oryzanol were quantified using HPLC from both brown rice oil (BRO) and germinated brown rice oil (GBRO). The contents of phytosterol isomers, campesterol, stigmasterol, and ${\beta}$-sitosterol were increased by 8.3%, 31.6%, 3.3% in GBRO, respectively. Furthermore, the squalene content showed the highest increase of up to 2.4 fold in GBRO compared to BRO. In addition, linoleic and linolenic acid composition increased whereas oleic and palmitic acid decreased in the GRBO. However, the contents of tocols (tocopherol and tocotrienol) in GBRO were lower than those in BRO, and there was no significant difference in policosanol and ${\gamma}$-oryzanol between GBRO and BRO. These results suggest that GBRO has the potential as a healthy and functional source due to its lipid profile on improved lipid metabolism.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제46권6호
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• pp.493-502
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• 2013

In this study, we designed to confirm the dietary effect of anti-obesity of fermented soybean curd residue (FSCR; SCR-Meju; Biji-meju) by A. oryzae, which is well known as a Korean traditional meju microbe. We observed that body weight gain, serum and hepatic lipid profile, as well as the activity of ROS generating enzyme and ROS scavenging enzyme in high-fat diet induced obese mice fed experimental diet (SCR and SCR-meju). Body weight gain and epididymal fat weight of HC (high-fat diet control) was markedly higher than that of NC (Normal control). Conversely, body weight gain and epididymal fat weight of the SCR (Biji) and SCR-meju (Biji-meju) group was significantly lower than that of HC; these of the SCR-meju group was lower than that of the SCR group. Furthermore, serum TG and total-cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol contents of SCR and SCR-meju groups were lower than that of HC, and HDL-cholesterol level of the SCR-meju group was significantly higher than that of HC. In conclusion, although precise mechanisms of the antiobese effects of SCR-meju in this study are unknown, the present study provides an experimental evidence that SCR-meju may prevent obesity and obesity related metabolic syndromes, such as hyperlipidemia, hypertension and diabetes, and liver disease by high-fat diet. Nevertheless, further study in this filed will be needed.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• 제13권3호
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• pp.196-204
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• 2019

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a common metabolic disease triggered by epigenetic alterations, including lysine acetylation at histone or non-histone proteins, affecting the stability or transcription of lipogenic genes. Although various natural dietary compounds have anti-lipogenic effects, their effects on the acetylation status and lipid metabolism in the liver have not been thoroughly investigated. MATERIALS/METHODS: Following oleic-palmitic acid (OPA)-induced lipid accumulation in HepG2 cells, the acetylation status of histone and non-histone proteins, HAT activity, and mRNA expression of representative lipogenic genes, including $PPAR{\gamma}$, SREBP-1c, ACLY, and FASN, were evaluated. Furthermore, correlations between lipid accumulation and HAT activity for 22 representative natural food extracts (NExs) were evaluated. RESULTS: Non-histone protein acetylation increased following OPA treatment and the acetylation of histones H3K9, H4K8, and H4K16 was accelerated, accompanied by an increase in HAT activity. OPA-induced increases in the mRNA expression of lipogenic genes were down-regulated by C-646, a p300/CBP-specific inhibitor. Finally, we detected a positive correlation between HAT activity and lipid accumulation (Pearson's correlation coefficient = 0.604) using 22 NExs. CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggest that NExs have novel applications as nutraceutical agents with HAT inhibitor activity for the prevention and treatment of NAFLD.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제37권4호
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• pp.428-436
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• 2008

본 연구에서는 고지방식으로 유도한 식이성 비만 모델 수컷 흰쥐에게 고지방식이와 함께 유청단백질 및 유청단백질 가수분해물을 급여하였을 때, 유청단백질 가수분해물의 섭취에 따른 체중, 장기 및 체지방, 지질 농도 및 식욕 조절호르몬에 대한 영향을 살펴보았다. 즉, 실험동물 흰쥐에게 18% 우지를 첨가한 고지방식을 기본으로 하여 질소원으로 유청단백질(whey protein concentrate 80: WPC80, 매일유업(주)) 10%를 4주간 공급한 후(control period), 4군으로 나누어서 고지방식을 기본으로 유청단백질, 유청단백질 가수분해물(whey protein hydrolysate), 유청 macropeptide fraction(whey macropeptide fraction; WH중 MW${\geq}$10,000)의 3종을 함유한 실험식이를 각각 6주 동안 급여하였다. 그 결과는 다음과 같다. 체중증가량 및 식이섭취량은 유청단백질 수준이나 가수분해물 섭취에 따른 실험군간 유의적 차이가 없었다. 간의 무게는 가수분해물 섭취에 의해 감소하였으나, 신장, 고환 및 비장의 무게는 실험군간 유의적 차이가 없었다. 한편, 신장의 무게는 고단백 식이에 의해 유의적으로 증가하였다(p<0.05). 지방조직의 무게는 신장 주변 지방과 부고환 주변 지방 모두 유청단백질 수준이나 가수분해물 섭취에 따른 차이를 보이지 않았다. 혈청의 총 지질과 중성지방은 가수분해물 섭취에 의해 유의적으로 낮게 나타났다(p<0.05). 반면, 혈청의 총 콜레스테롤과 HDL 콜레스테롤은 유청단백질 수준과 가수분해물 섭취에 따른 차이를 보이지 않았다. 간 조직의 총 지질, 중성지방과 총 콜레스테롤은 가수분해물 섭취에 따라 차이가 없었으며, 고단백식이에 의해 유의적으로 감소하였다(p<0.05). 일일 분 배설량은 고단백식이에 의해 유의적으로 증가하였다(p<0.05). 분 중 총 지질함량과 중성지방 함량은 가수분해물 섭취 시 그 함량이 유의적으로 증가하였다(p<0.05). 반면, 분 중 총 콜레스테롤 함량은 유청단백질 수준이나 가수분해물 섭취에 따른 영향을 받지 않았다. 혈청 중 glucose와 insulin 농도는 가수분해물 섭취 시 유의적으로 감소하였다(p<0.05). 혈청 중 leptin 농도는 유청단백질 수준이나 가수분해물 섭취에 따른 유의적인 차이를 보이지 않았다. 혈청 중 ghrelin 농도는 고단백 식이에 의해 유의적으로 감소하였으며(p<0.05), 특히, 가수분해물 섭취 시 감소하는 경향을 보였다. 이상의 결과로부터 유청단백질 가수분해물의 섭취는 intact 유청단백질보다 흰쥐의 혈청과 간의 지질 농도를 저하시키고, 분 중으로의 지질배설량을 증가시키는 것으로 나타났다. 또한 혈중 glucose 농도와 insulin 농도를 감소시킴으로서 인슐린 저항성을 개선시켰으며, ghrelin 감소를 통한 식욕조절 효과를 보였다. 한편, 본 연구에서 유청단백질 가수분해물이 체중감소나 조직의 지방량에는 영향을 미치지 않았는데, 이것은 본 연구에서 사용된 25% 단백질 수준이 체중감소나 조직 지방량에 영향을 미치기에는 부족한 수준이라 사료되며, 단백질 수준에서의 증가 또는 보다 장기간 동안의 섭취가 수행되어진다면 식욕 촉진 호르몬 분비 감소를 통해 체중 감소에 있어서 더 유의적인 효과가 나타날 것으로 사료된다.

• BMB Reports
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• 제34권2호
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• pp.166-171
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• 2001

The levels of $\gamma$-aminobutyric acid (GAGA) have been analyzed from pharbitis seeds by an AccQ-Tag amino acid analysis procedure. The GABA level of the pharbitis seeds was 125 nmole per gram fresh weight. To investigate the effects of pharbitis seed diets on serum and hepatic lipid levels, as well as enzyme activities of rats administered with ethanol chronically, Sprague-Dawley male rats were fed with either a AIN-76 diet (control), a control diet plus ethanol, a control plus pharbitis seed diet, or a control plus pharbitis seed diet plus ethanol for 30 days. Pharbitis seed diets decreased the serum total cholesterol, triglyceride, LDL-cholesterol, and $\gamma$-GTP levels that were increased by the chronic ethanol administration. In addition, pharbitis seed diets decreased the liver triglyceride and total lipid levels that were increased by the ethanol administration. However, ethanol metabolism was not retarded by the pharbitis seed supplemented diets. The present Endings, plus previous data showing the differences in the effects of cabbage diets having a high or a low level of GABA on the lipid levels and the enzyme activities of rats (Cha and Oh [2000] J. Korean Soc. Food Sci. Nutr. 29, 500-505), raise the possibility that GABA in plants could have a nutraceutical role in the recovery of chronic alcohol-related diseases.

• 한국임상수의학회지
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• 제36권4호
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• pp.219-224
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• 2019

The aim of this study was to evaluate the safety and effects of a soy lecithin-based supplement on the general health, skin condition, and blood lipid levels of dogs. Twenty-five, healthy, privately-owned dogs were enrolled in the study. Oral supplementation was administered for 8 weeks in the treatment group. Evaluation items included a thorough physical examination, owner responses to a questionnaire, blood analysis (CBC, CRP, serum chemistry, lipid profile). The results showed a significant improvement in amount of exercise, water intake, skin exfoliation in the treatment group (P < 0.05) but no significant changes in the other evaluation items, including no significant changes in blood component results following administration of the supplement. Most dogs well tolerated the treatment, and there were no serious adverse events. We suggest that soy lecithin has potential as a nutraceutical for the positive effect of general health condition such as activity and skin condition. Further studies are needed to establish the appropriate dose level and administration frequency of soy lecithin in dogs.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제45권10호
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• pp.1414-1421
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• 2016

본 연구에서는 구절초를 대상으로 물과 에탄올을 이용하여 확보한 각각의 추출물에 대하여 추출 수율, 폴리페놀 함량, 플라보노이드 함량, linarin 함량, ABTS 라디칼 소거능과 DPPH 라디칼 소거능, ${\alpha}$-glucosidase 저해 활성, lipase 저해 활성을 측정하였다. 구절초는 $70^{\circ}C$, 50% 주정 추출조건에서 추출 수율과 총플라보노이드 함량, linarin 함량, ABTS 라디칼 소거능과 DPPH 라디칼 소거능, ${\alpha}$-glucosidase 저해 활성, lipase 저해 활성이 가장 높았다. 또한, linarin 함량이 구절초 추출물의 생리활성과 상관관계가 있음을 확인하였다. 구절초 추출물은 linarin 함량이 증가함에 따라 항산화, 탄수화물 및 지방 흡수 지연 활성을 가지는 것으로 생각한다. 본 연구를 통하여 구절초의 추출조건에 따른 생리활성을 확인함으로써 향후 구절초를 이용한 건강기능식품의 소재 등으로 이용 가능할 것으로 생각한다.