• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.13 no.12
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• pp.461-467
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• 2015

Saussurea lappa is known for a variety of physiological activities as a component but has not known to show the effect of the cellular signaling pathway. We investigated the anti-inflammatory effects by Saussurea lappa ethanol extract on the LPS(lipopolysaccharide) induced nitric oxide (NO) production by RAW 264.7 cell line. It shows the expressions of iNOS and COX-2 at the transcriptional level (RT-PCR). The Saussurea lappa ethanol extract showed transcriptional expression levels of pro-inflammatory cytokine TNF- and IL-$1{\beta}$ induced by LPS(lipolysaccharide) in RAW264.7 cell line. Saussurea lappa ethanol extract reduced the LPS-induced expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) at the RNA levels in a concentration-dependent manner. The finding that ethanol extract of Saussurea lappa has an influence on NO (nitric oxide) homeostasis in the study of the action mechanism on the macrophage-mediated inflammatory reaction was considered in terms of convergence. And it is to provide an important basis for the prevention and treatment of inflammatory diseases in the future.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.11 no.12
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• pp.4896-4906
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• 2010

This study was conducted in order to promote students' interest in overseas employment and to present methods of improving education that suits globalization and internalization. From responses to individual written survey questionnaires answered by $3^{rd}$grade 200 students who are studying dental hygiene at colleges in Daegu. They had most interested in Japan (60.3%), and they want to work abroad if they are given the changes (38.1%), which indicate that the dental hygiene majors have much interest and positive attitude in overseas employment. In Japan, there are 158 schools had department of dental hygiene (51 to 2 years, 101 to 3 years, 6 to 4 years). Especially, Kanto area has 25 private schools. When compared Korea and Japan, they similar were curriculum, 39 at 3 years, 44 at 4 years, respectively. The current national board dental hygiene examination system was 200 in total score, and 19 in total subjects. The 9 basic clinical courses including oral anatomy have 100 scores, and the 8 subjects including preclinical course have 50 scores, one dental assistant course have 50 scores. In Japan, 4 years pre-dental hygiene curriculum content provide certificate of dental hygiene after graduation. They provide additionally 'social worker' in Tokyo University, 'teacher in nursing' in Hirosima University. They scheduled the various foundational knowledge and skill such as competencies to communicate effectively, to participate community health program, and to make decisions regarding dental hygiene service.

• Journal of the Korean Society of School Health
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.9-28
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• 1994

This study is to investigate the status and problems in the anual physical examination in elementary & secondary schools. The study helps the introduction of health assessment. Two hundreds and forty nurse teachers of elementary & seconcary school in Seoul received in-service traomong fpr 20 daus frp, September 7 to September 27, 1992. Questionnaires were given to the 240 teachers and the number of collected questionnaire is 112. The result of the questionnaire analysis is like the following. First, the answered teachers aged 35~39, 36.6%; experience 6~10 years 37.5%; the number of class 31~40, 28.6%. Among the answered of the school doctors is practicioners. The doctors major subjects are 26.8% of internal medicine and 35.7% of surgery. Second, in elementary & secondary school nurse teachers received in-service training for the primary health assessment. And then 37.5% of schools practiced the health assessment. The term of the health assessment is largely a-year-length, occurately its rate of schools have practiced the assessment reaches 81.0%. The number of health assessment are consist of eyes, nose, ear, throat, skin, spine, heart and other abnormal regions and diseases all over the body. And 83.3% of the rate of the health assessment includes all these contents. The period of the health assessment is 7 to 28 days. Third, the physical examination conducted by school doctors is 91.0%. The method is various; one is 56.6% of the students who checked first by he nurse teacher. The number of 15.1% of the schools is directly checked by the school doctor. The invited medical doctors are divided into two categories. The number of general physician is 61.9%. Contrary to that school doctors are 38.1%. The contents of the medical examination is all the items printed on the medical examination sheet. To follow the medical examination sheet the number of school is 59.6%. Eyes, throat, skin and heart etc. partly medical examination is 40.4%. The rate of schools that used only stethoscope, tongue pressor as the medical instruments reaches 53.4% and 87.1% of elementary & secondary school give the invited doctors the allowance a nurse teachers conference decided. The number of 8.9% schools pay the doctors independent allowance. The medical examomatopm allowance is 200 to 250 won per capita. The rate is 56.1%. Forth, after the medical examination 72.1% of school sends letter to the parents to notice the result of the examination. The number of response from parent is 12.5%. The observation record in secondary school is 70.6% for junior, and 80.0% for senior respectively, and 65.5% is for the elementary school children. To conclude the regular physical examination in elementary & secondary school is very important. Because the students are in the stage of rapid growth and development. Early finding of the students diseases can help to cure with ease. In the light of public health the management of health program in the elementary & secondary school is of consequence.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.18 no.12
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• pp.182-188
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• 2017

This study analyzes several factors of good instruction that have been studied by precedent studies as well as the dominated perspective of teaching that validates the value of good instruction. For this purpose, the authors explore an understanding of the perspective that lessons ought to pursue. The authors examine the difference in the dominated perspective of good instruction of pre-service teacher and teachers through the study methodology of chi-square, one-way analyses of variance, and post-hoc test. The research subjects were enrolled students and graduates of the Department of Early Childhood Education at colleges in Seoul and the Capital area. The TPI that had been objectively indexed with comprehensive understandings and viewpoints of good instruction was also applied. The study result shows that high schools' dominated perspective is "nursing" and colleges' is "apprenticing", regardless of the kind of school. The article discusses the perspective of good instruction by comparing the results of domestic and foreign studies and this study. Some ideas were suggested for further research.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.16 no.10
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• pp.323-332
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• 2018

The Purpose of this study was conducted to identify the effects of self growth group counseling program on the self-esteem and adaptation to school life of middle-school girls. The data were collected between November 2 and December 28, 2017. A total 24 middle-school girls at K city were participated. The collected data were analyzed using frequency, mean and standard deviation, t-test. Main results of this study were the experimental group showed significantly(p<.01) better score in the self-esteem test than the control group after taking program. And, the experimental group showed significantly better score in the teacher-student relation test(p<.05) and school classes test(p<.05) than the control group after taking program. This results suggest that there is a significance in presenting scientific evidence of self growth group counseling program. In addition, this study suggests the necessity that the self growth group counseling program for a variety of teenagers develops.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.13 no.5
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• pp.385-392
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• 2015

This study in A City was performed to target low-income families in NutriPlus Program, infants toddlers for parents' convergence education effects were analyzed. The subjects of the study was involved in parents' education level can be identified. During the same period before and after the evaluation of nutrition education to a total of 263 people were targeted. It is comprised of the infants of 61 and of the toddler 192. nutrition education, dietary life attitude of infants after the increase in the width of the scores were as follows : Less than high school group was $6.57{\pm}6.51$, Greater than college group was $4.57{\pm}6.09$ a, rather less than high school group showed a large increasing rate, which was statistically significant (p = 0.03). NutriPlus Program is growing due to low-income families to improve children's nutritional status and nutrition knowledge and dietary life attitude will have a positive impact on, part of convergence education. In addition, parents' education level, depending on, varied and effective nutritional education should be taken.

• Journal of the Korean Society of School Health
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.63-84
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• 2000

Primary school is regarded as an important period when many health-related behaviors and life-styles begin to be formed. Acquiring them through school heath education has a strong influence on the health promotion of not only the family but also the community. Primary school health education in Korea has a systematic flaw in that health-related subjects are divided and taught under various subjects in primary school. In order to develop a proper school health curriculum, it is essential to assess what is currently being taught. In this study the current health education of the 6th grade primary curriculum was investigated to improve school health education. The purpose of this study is to identify the health education contents and time in textbooks of the 6th grade primary school curriculum. In this study, the textbooks & teacher's teaching manuals of the 6th grade curriculum were analyzed with a health instruction framework for Korean schools developed by the Korean Nurse Association & Korean School Health Education Association in 1993 and health care framework for health education curriculum presented by Kim in 1991. The results are as follows ; 1) Health education hours of the curriculum are 206 hours, about 34.3 hours a year. 2) The contents of health education were divided into nine subjects at primary schools. Organizing principles of learning experience(eg, integrity, sequence and continuity) were not considered sufficiently. The physical education & natural science subjects include a lot of health education contents. 3) The major content areas are community & environmental health areas and daily healthy life areas. 4) The major areas at each grade level are daily healthy concerns and safety & first-aid 5) The remarkable contrast to the 5th primary school curriculum are that environmental health is offered to the first grade step by step, and that drug use & abuse and mental health education are included in the 6th primary school curriculum. 6) The main contents of health education in 1st, 2nd. and 3rd grade curricula consist of treatment & recovery health functions. Those of the 4th grade curriculum consist of treatment & recovery health functions, and daily healthy life functions. Those of the 5th grade consist of growth & development functions. Those of the 6th grade consist of treatment & recovery health, growth & development functions. Most health care functions belong to physical health care. The results above suggest that we put together the divided contents of health education and manage them on the basis of systematic integration.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.725-735
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• 2022

This study analyzed how the literary works embodying nurses accommodate various discourses about nurses and reproduce them in literature. The subject of analysis is a Korean modern novel featuring a nurse, and 29 works were selected from 1927 to 2016. The analysis method is the content analysis of the novel among the qualitative research methods. The unit of analysis adopts a narrative or dialogue that deals with the image of a nurse in a novel as a unit of analysis, The image determining factors of previous studies were integrated and categorized into 4 types and considered. As a result of analyzing the image of a nurse in the novel, First, traditional image types include Lee Kwang-soo 『Love』, Kim Eui-jung 『Doctor Han』, Jo Jung-rae 『Han River』, Gong Ji-young's 「Field of Stars」, Baek Min-seok 「Poor Little Hans」 Second, social image types include Kang Kyung-ae 「Dark」, Kim Kyung-wook 「Heaven's Gate」, Choi Jeong-hee 「Cheonmaek」 Third, professional image types include Lee Cheong-jun 「Mr. Jo Man-deuk」, 「Discharge」, Choi In-hoon 『The Square』, Kim Yeon-soo 「The Night in the Tunnel Where I Listened to Jusaeng Tudipini」, Jeong Se-lang 『Public health teacher Ahn Eun-young』and Fourth, personal image types include Choi In-ho 「Apprentice Patient」, Kim Jeong-han 「The Third Ward」, Eun Hee-kyung 『Minor League』, Hoon Kim 「Hwajang」, Ha Seong-ran 「The Joy of Eating」, Kim Ji-yeon 「Hippocrates Love Song」, Park Kyung-ri 「Era of Distrust」, Jeong Mi-kyung 「The Lady of Arsenal」 typed as. Through the image of the nurse in the novel, the implications of the novel for human care were discussed.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.387-398
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• 1996

The objective of this study was to clarify whether there are any differences between normal and over-weight middle-aged(40∼59yrs)women in their perceived weight, health status, health conception and health behavior choices. The sample consisted of 39 normal weight and 55 over-weight (11％ above on the Body Index Scale) women who live in Juan, Inchon. The Participants were randomly selected in each weight group considering socio-demographic factors. The findings from this study are summarized below. 1) Among the 55 overweight middle-aged women, 16 were above 20％ on the Body Index Scale and 14 were above 30％. Twenty-five(45.5％) of the overweight group and 12(30.8％) of the normal weight group had one disease, and there were 12(21.8％) in the overweight group and 8(20.5％) in the normal weight group where one of the family members had a disease, but these differences were not statistically significant. The average monthly family income for the overweight group was ￦l,880,000 compared to ￦2,140, 000 for the normal weight group, but this difference was also not significant. The age range for the whole group was between 40 and 59(mean＝46.8 for total, 48.6 for overweight and 45.7 for normal weight group). Again no significant difference found. Occupations were housemaker 53(56.4％), private business(13.8％), salarywoman(9.6％), and teacher (2.1％). Thirty housemaker(54.5％) from the overweight group and 23(59％) from the normal group did not constitute a statistically significant different. For the educational status, 34(61.8％) of the overweight women and 33(84.6％)of the normal weight group finished high school or more educational courses, but there was no significant statistical difference. Eleven(20.0％) of the overweight women and 5(12. 8％) of the normal weight group were single, but again no significant statistical difference was found. 2) A test for difference in health characteristics between two weight groups indicated that two groups do not show statistical differences in their perceived health status, health conception or health behavior choice. That is, the overweight group, also perceive their health status as good as the normal group, and regard ‘Health’ as a state that enables them to carry out social roles and functions rather than as the traditional concept of health as no disease or no symptoms. Moreover. the overweight group selected their health behaviors not for the prevention of diseases or maintenance of health but for promotion of health. To determine if no statistical difference might be related to the overweight group's failure of perceive themselves as overweight, the perceived and objective overweight status were compared by the chi-square analysis, and no difference was found（X/sup²＝49.37, df＝1, p＝.000）. However, 7(17.9％) of the normal group perceived themselves as being overweighted and 7(12.7％) of the overweight group thought they were of normal weight. Even though the overweight group employed in this study perceived themselves as being overweight, they regarded themselves as healthy as those in the normal weight group. It was shown that there was no statistical difference between two groups in health conception, and that they chose health behaviors to promote health status. 3) Perceived health conception was shown to be significantly related to health behavior choice （r＝ .28, p＝.006 for whole group : r＝.33, p＝.014 for overweight group : and r＝.12. p＝.463 for normal group） .There was an indication that the more complicated the perceived health conception was, the more the trend of health behavior choice to promote health. This was especially true for the overweight group. But, the perceived health status did not related to health behavior choice statistically（r＝.13, p＝.202）, and it was thought that reasons for selecting health behaviors were not related to their health status. That is, the overweight group perceive themselves as healthy as the normal weight group or thought that overweight itself does not incur any risk on their health. Data from two groups were combined and analyzed with multiple regression methodology, because the relationship pattern of the two groups was similar. The analysis showed that health behavior has a significant relationship with age and the perceived health conception（r/sup²＝.1517, p=.05, F＝8.133）. It means they come to health behavior along with their health conception and their age rather than their weights, perceived weight, health status or other social characteristics. This study was intended to understand how overweight middle-aged women perceive ‘weight’ and ‘health’, and how they meet their health related needs in comparison with normal weight middle-aged women. Other factors related to the health behavior in overweight middle-aged woman need to be determined through further descriptive studies outlined in the following recommendations. a) Reseach with the study area expanded. b) Reseach with grouping more detailed : much more overweight and underweight group c) Reseach on restricted relationship between overweight and age or profession. d) Reseach on what overweight middle-aged women do to reduce their weight and what factors motivate them to do it

• Journal of the Korean Society of School Health
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.136-145
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• 1991

In the Soviet Union School health services are provided as an integral part of the health care delivery system, which is under the Ministry of Health. This paper presents an overview of the Soviet Union's health care delivery system, the model for the delivery of school health service, the role and training of school personnel involved in school health services and implications the Soviet model may have for the countries. 1. School health services are a part overall Soviet health system under the Ministry of Health. 2. Municipal and rural health departments implement programs at the local level. Diagnosis and treatment are conducted through "polyclinics" that are outreach divisions of a district hospital. 3. Education institutions for the development of health manpower, including medical schools and nursing schools, are under the Ministry of Health, as are medical and scientific search institutes.