• Korean Journal of Plant Taxonomy
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• v.36 no.3
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• pp.163-187
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• 2006

Taxonomic studies were conducted to evaluate the interspecific relationships in Viola albida var. albida and its related taxa using seven populations for morphology, palynology and anatomy. Molecular phylogenetic studies were also examined in 28 populations including 19 Korean, four Chinese, two Japanese, one American population and two outgroups using nrITS, and 27 populations except V pinnata for trnL-F region of chloroplast DNA. Morphological differences was observed among seven populations of three species in leaf shape, but characters such as serrate number of leaf margins, petal size, pistil shape were showed overlap between populations. Pollen shape of seven populations was monad and grain shape on the polar axis was semi-angular. Morphology of aperture was tri-colporate, and the surface sculpturing was scabrate in rugulate. The grain shape of equatorial view of five populations was prolate whereas V albida var. taknhashii type 1 and V albida var. chaerophylloides type 3 were subprolate. The anatomical characters of rnidvein of leaf, petiole, peduncle, root were also described for the species. The stomatal apparatus of the leaves was observed only in abaxial surface, and the number of stoma per unit ($mm^2$) were abundant in incised than lobate or cleft margin of the leaves. The nrITS analysis shows that V. pinnata and V. dissecta was monophyletic and occupied a basal position in the V. albida var. albida and its related taxa. The other clade including infraspecific populations of V. albida, and V. eizanensis was paraphyletic. The trnL-F noncoding region analysis was similar to the ITS tree. According to the above observations in morphology, palynology, anatomy, and molecular phylogenetic analysis, the significant differences were not found except for leaf shape in Viola albida var. albida and its related taxa, therefore V. albida var. takanhashii and V. albida var. chaerophylloides were considered to be an infraspecific taxa of V. albida var. albida rather than an independent species, subvariety or variety of V. pinnata and V. dissecta.

• Korean Journal of Plant Taxonomy
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• v.50 no.4
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• pp.385-394
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• 2020

To elucidate the molecular phylogeny of Neottia japonica, which is a terrestrial orchid distributed in East Asia, the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) of nuclear DNA and the matK of chloroplast DNA were used. A total 22 species of 69 accessions for ITS and 21 species of 114 accessions for matK phylogeny were analyzed with the maximum parsimony and Bayesian methods. In addition, we sought to establish a correlation between the distribution, morphology of the auricles and genetic association of N. japonica with phylogenetic data. The phylogenetic results suggest that N. japonica is monophyletic and a sister to N. suzukii in terms of the ITS phylogeny, while it is paraphyletic with N. suzukii in terms of the matK phylogeny. N. japonica and N. suzukii show similar morphologies of the lip and column, they both flower in April, and they are both distributed sympatrically in Taiwan. Therefore, it appears to be clear that N. japonica and N. suzukii are close taxa within Neottia, although there is incongruence between the nrDNA and cpDNA phylogenies of N. japonica. The incongruence between the two datasets may have various causes, meaning that further studies are needed to confirm the evolutionary process of N. japonica. The phylogenetic status of N. kiusiana, which was not included in previous studies, was as a sister to N. nidus-avis. Meanwhile, the ITS and matK phylogenies are unsuitable for identifying genetic associations with the characteristic of auricles. The phylogenetic topologies of Korean, Taiwanese and mainland Chinese individuals suggest that the populations of N. japonica in Korea originated from China's mainland and island areas. The characterization of regional gene differences could provide useful preliminary data for future studies.

• Weed & Turfgrass Science
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• v.3 no.3
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• pp.183-189
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• 2014

The genus Echinochloa (L.) P. Beauv. comprised of approximately 30-40 species in the tropical and warm temperate regions of the world, including numerous interspecific and intraspecific types which make the genus difficult to identify. As an attempt to identify the species within the genus easier, the taxonomy of the genus Echinochloa, Poaceae in Korea was reviewed on the basis of sequencing data derived from nuclear ribosomal DNA internal transcribed spacer (ITS) and external transcribe spacer and chloroplast DNA trnL intron, trnL-F intergenic spacer and matK regions using a total of 46 accessions representing all the species in Korea. The results of maximum parsimony found separate lineage comprised of E. colona and E. frumentaceae which are not Korean species, but no resolution within Korean Echinochloa species, supporting the suggestion of Yamaguchi group that E. crus-galli, E. oryzoides, and E. esculenta should be considered to belong to the same species. However, the relationship between these three species and the other species, i.e. E. oryzicola should be better understood with more detail studies.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.48 no.3
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• pp.329-335
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• 2020

From 2008 to 2017, Korean azalea (Rhododendron yedoense f. poukhanense) showing angular, necrotic leaf spots were found in Jeju and Hongcheon, Korea. The lesions occurred frequently, detracting from the beauty of the glossy green leaves of the plant and causing premature defoliation. Therefore, to identify the fungus associated with the lesions, morphological characterization and molecular phylogenetic analysis of actin (Act), translation elongation factor 1-alpha (EF), internal transcribed spacer (ITS), 28S nrDNA (LSU), and RNA polymerase II encoding the second largest subunit (RPB2) of the two representative isolates were performed. The phylogenetic tree inferred from the neighbor-joining method showed the isolates clustering in the Sphaerulina azaleae group. Therefore, the fungus associated with the angular leaf spots on the Korean azalea was identified as Sphaerulina azaleae.

• Proceedings of the Plant Resources Society of Korea Conference
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• 2022.09a
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• pp.50-50
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• 2022

비짜루과 둥굴레속(Asparagaceae: Polygonatum)은 전 세계적으로 약 90여 종이 알려져 있으며, 유럽, 북아메리카, 아시아 등 북반구 온대 지역에 집중적으로 분포한다. 국내 둥굴레속 분류군은 총 16분류군이며, 이중 잎이 호생하고, 난형에서 타원형 모양의 엽질성 포를 가지며, 화피통 내부에 털이 없고, 수술대 표면에 돌기가 나있는 분류군들은 용둥굴레열(series. Bracteata)에 속한다. 그러나 이들은 종간 교잡 또는 주요 기관의 형질 변이가 다양하여 중간형질을 보이는 개체군들에 대한 종 식별에 많은 어려움이 있었다. 경남 창원시에서 채집된 목포용둥굴레(P. cryptanthum) 변이 개체집단는 기존의 목포용둥굴레와 달리 식물체 높이와 화경·소화경이 길며, 포 부착위치의 변이 폭이 넓으며, 포가 타원형이고 밖으로 말리는 습성으로 형태적 차이가 나타났다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 명확한 분류학적 실체를 구명하고자 분자생물학적 계통분석(nrDNA ITS + cpDNA matK, trnK-rps16, rps16, rbcL) 연구를 진행중에 있다.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.27 no.6
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• pp.671-679
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• 2014

Molecular phylogenetic analyses of Korean Elaeagnus L. were conducted using seven species, one variety, one forma and four outgroups to evaluate their relationships and phylogeny. The sequences of internal transcribed spacer regions in nuclear ribosomal DNA were employed to construct phylogenetic relationships using maximum parsimony (MP) and Bayesian analysis. Molecular phylogenetic analysis revealed that Korean Elaeagnus was a polyphyly. E. umbellata var. coreana formed a subclade with E. umbellata. Additionally, the genetic difference between E. submacrophylla and E. macrophylla was very low. Moreover, E. submacrophylla formed a branch from E. macrophylla, indicating that E. submacrophylla can be regarded as a variety. However, several populations of this species were not clustered as a single clade; therefore, further study should be conducted using other molecular markers. Although E. glabra f. oxyphylla was distinct in morphological characters of leaf shape with E. glabra. But E. glabra f. oxyphylla was formed one clade by molecular phylogenetic with E. glabra. Additionally, this study clearly demonstrated that E. pungens occurs in Korea, although it was previously reported near South Korea in Japan and China. According to the results of ITS regions analyses, it showed a resolution and to verify the relationship between interspecies of Korean Elaeagnus.

• Weed & Turfgrass Science
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.26-34
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• 2015

Korean Poaceae includes approximately 80 species of the agricultural weeds. Precise species identification is the first step for more effective weed management in the agricultural fields. However, the identification of species in Poaceae is not easy without the assistance of taxonomists or identification experts although they are relatively easy to distinguish from the plants of the other family by the unique characteristics of caryopsis. Thus, DNA barcode was suggested as an alternative powerful technique for species identification by using short sections of DNA from a specific region of the genome. Two standard barcode markers of vascular plants, chloroplast rbcL and matK, and a supplementary nuclear ribosomal Internal Transcribed Spacer (ITS) region were used for barcode of major Korean Poaceae weeds, 403 individuals of 84 taxa. All the barcode markers revealed a good level of sequencing success with the lowest 73.7% for matK and the highest 88.8% for rbcL. The barcode sequences were deposited to the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) database for public use. Combined matK and ITS showed very high resolving power with 92.9%. Besides the identification of weeds for weed managment, the generated DNA barcode data could be used for many other applications such as rapid biodiversity assessment and conservation prioritization.

• ALGAE
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.75-81
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• 2002

In this study the length of ITS2 from four species of the Ulvaceae in Jeju Island varied between 167 and 203 bp. The resuits of this investigation showed that two genus, Ulva and Enteromorpha are grouped in a monophyletic assemblage with 100% bootstrap support in all phylogenetic trees. However, a thorough eamination of these characters from representatives does not provided a way to identify any unique morphological features of clasdes in this tree. This study reveals that Ulva conglobata and Ulva pertusa belong to one clade in the phylogenetic tree with the samples from Jeju Island, Korea.

• Korean Journal of Plant Taxonomy
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• v.45 no.4
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• pp.306-317
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• 2015

This study was conducted to address the taxonomic status of the Korean endemic species Saxifraga octopetala, which is sometimes considered conspecific to Micranthes manchuriensis. Extensive molecular phylogenetic analysis using nrITS sequences as well as morphological examination of type specimens of the two species were undertaken to ascertain the phylogenetic position and species delimitation of S. octopetala. In the resulting nrITS trees, a total of 65 accessions representing S. octopetala grouped together and nested within the Micranthes clade, exhibiting a close relationship with M. nelsoniana and M. manchuriensis. Multiple accessions of M. manchuriensis collected from China and Russia also formed a clade, showing a sister group relationship with M. nelsoniana var. pacifica and M. fusca. The ambiguous species entity of S. octopetala is thought to have originated from Nakai's misinterpretation of Wilford's collection (type specimens of M. manchuriensis), which is a complex collection including an inflorescence of M. nelsoniana. In spite of apparent morphological similarity between S. octopetala and M. manchuriensis, they differ in the presence and absence of underground stolons. The distinct position of S. octopetala within the Micranthes clade on the nrITS tree suggests that it should retain species status in Micranthes. Thus a new combination (Micranthes octopetala) is proposed.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.60-66
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• 2004

This study was carried out to confirm the phylogenetic relationships in Korean Rhus species. Sequences from internal transcribed spacers (ITS) of nuclear ribosomal DNA and rbcL gene of chloroplast DNA were determined. Cotinus coggygria was selected as outgroup because it is closest allied with Rhus in Anacardiaceae. Also, ingroup was limited as six Korean Rhus species. ITS 1 sequences in six species of Rhus and one species of Cotinus ranged from 246 to 253 bp and ITS 2 sequences from 234 to 244 bp. Concerning the G+C content of the studied taxa, ITS 1 sequences ranged from 58.0 to 68.13% and ITS 2 from 59.75 to 68.46%. On the other hand, rbcL sequences were same size in the all species examined by 1,428 bp. G+C contents of rbcL sequences were ranged from 43.56 to 43.77% which means there are nearly no different from interspecies each other. Phylogenetic tree strongly supports the colse relationships between R. succedanea and R. sylvestris. Rhus javanica and Cotinus coggygria were also closely allied with each other in ITS and rbcL trees. Therefore, R. javanica was regarded as most primitive species among the Korean Rhus species. ITS 1 region of nuclear ribosomal DNA was suggested as very useful taxonomical marker for genus Rhus.