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Identification of Korean Poaceae Weeds Based on DNA Sequences

DNA 염기서열에 기초한 벼과 잡초의 분자생물학적 동정

  • Received : 2015.02.15
  • Accepted : 2015.03.12
  • Published : 2015.03.31

Abstract

Korean Poaceae includes approximately 80 species of the agricultural weeds. Precise species identification is the first step for more effective weed management in the agricultural fields. However, the identification of species in Poaceae is not easy without the assistance of taxonomists or identification experts although they are relatively easy to distinguish from the plants of the other family by the unique characteristics of caryopsis. Thus, DNA barcode was suggested as an alternative powerful technique for species identification by using short sections of DNA from a specific region of the genome. Two standard barcode markers of vascular plants, chloroplast rbcL and matK, and a supplementary nuclear ribosomal Internal Transcribed Spacer (ITS) region were used for barcode of major Korean Poaceae weeds, 403 individuals of 84 taxa. All the barcode markers revealed a good level of sequencing success with the lowest 73.7% for matK and the highest 88.8% for rbcL. The barcode sequences were deposited to the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) database for public use. Combined matK and ITS showed very high resolving power with 92.9%. Besides the identification of weeds for weed managment, the generated DNA barcode data could be used for many other applications such as rapid biodiversity assessment and conservation prioritization.

최근에 전 세계적으로 동물, 식물뿐만 아니라 균류, 해조류 등에서 활발하게 이용하는 DNA 바코드는 게놈 DNA의 단편을 이용해 종들 간의 DNA 변이를 발견하여 형태적 지식 없이 정확하게 종을 동정하고 분류하는 방법이다. 고등식물에서는 단일마커로 바코드 조건을 충족할 수 없어 엽록체 DNA의 rbcL과 matK 유전자를 표준마커로 이용하고 있다. 본 연구는 식물 표준 바코드마커와 핵 DNA의 ITS 부위를 이용하여 국내 벼과 식물 252 분류군 중 주로 농경지에서 발생하는 잡초 총 84분류군 403생태형을 바코드하여 데이터베이스를 구축하기 위하여 수행하였다. 바코드 결과 PCR 증폭과 염기서열 분석 성공률은 rbcL에서 가장 높았으며 matK에서 가장 낮았다. 그러나 바코드 갭과 종식별 해상력은 matK에서 가장 높았다. 80.9%의 염기서열 분석 성공률을 보인 ITS는 matK와의 조합에서 92.9% 까지 종 식별 해상력을 높일 수 있어 벼과 바코드에 매우 유용한 조합이었다. 벼과의 바코드데이터는 미국의 국립생물공학정보센터에 기탁하여 genbank 번호를 부여받아 공개하였다. 그러므로 형태적으로 동정이 어려운 벼과 잡초를 matK와 ITS 부위의 염기서열을 분석하여 미국의 국립생물공학정보센터에 기탁한 데이터와 비교함으로써 쉽고 간편하게 동정할 수 있게 되었다.

Keywords

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