• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.23 no.9
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• pp.1229-1243
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• 2013

In this paper, an air isolate (NITT6L) has been screened based on hemolytic activity, emulsification activity, drop collapsing test, and oil displacement test, as well as lipase activity. It was found that strain NITT6L was able to reduce the surface tension of the medium from 61.5 to 39.83 mN/m and could form stable emulsions with tested vegetable oils. Morphological, biochemical, 16S rRNA sequencing analyses, and fatty acid methyl ester analysis using gas chromatography confirmed that the air isolate under study was Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Characterization of the biosurfactant using agar double diffusion assay revealed that the biosurfactant was anionic in nature, and CTAB-methylene blue assay and Molisch test revealed its glycolipid nature. The FT-IR spectrum confirmed that the crude biosurfactant was a rhamnolipid. Using unoptimized medium containing sucrose as the carbon source, the isolate was found to produce 0.3 mg/ml of rhamnolipid in batch cultivation (shake flask) at $37^{\circ}C$ and pH 7. Optimization of the medium components was carried out using design of experiments and the yield of rhamnolipid has been enhanced to 4.6 mg/ml in 72 h of fermentation.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.22 no.12
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• pp.1605-1612
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• 2012

The present study concerned the identification and characterization of a novel bacterial strain isolated from entomopathogenic nematodes collected from different regions in Korea. The bacterial isolate M1021 was Gramnegative, bioluminescent, and produced red colonies on MacConkey agar medium. A rod-shaped structure was confirmed by the electron micrograph. Fatty acid composition was analyzed by using the Sherlock MIDI system. The identification was further supported by 16S rDNA sequence analysis, which revealed 96-99% sequence homology with strains of Photorhabdus temperata. The location of the isolated strain of P. temperata in the phylogenetic tree was confirmed and it was named P. temperata M1021. P. temperata M1021 exhibited catalase, protease, and lipase activities when grown on appropriate media supplemented with respective substrates. The culture of P. temperata M1021 exhibited insecticidal activity against the larvae of Galleria mellonella and the activity was the highest after 3-4 days of cultivation with agitating at $28^{\circ}C$ under 220 rpm. Antibacterial activity was also observed against Salmonella Typhimurium KCTC 1926 and Micrococcus luteus KACC 10488.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.46 no.6
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• pp.947-956
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• 2004

The primary role of lipoprotein lipase(LPL) is the hydrolysis of triglycerides(TG) from the core of triglyceride-rich lipoproteins such as chylomicrons and very low density lipoproteins in plasma. Fatty acids liberated by LPL on capillary endothelial surfaces are available for tissues as energy sources especially in muscles or for storage in the form of TG in adipose tissues. Therefore, as the candidate gene related to the carcass traits of the beef cattle, we have directly sequenced the exon 5${\sim}$exon 6 region in the bovine LPL gene for discovery of single nucleotide polymorphism(SNP) with 24 unrelated Hanwoo(Korean cattle). Novel eight sequence variants were detected: three loci on exon 5, three on intron 5 and two on exon 6. All SNPs identified were strongly linked each other, and one hundred twenty eight Hanwoo samples were genotyped one SNP on intron 5 using PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism method by digestion with Hae III restriction enzyme. The allele frequency of the polymorphism was 0.76 and 0.24. The effects of this polymorphism on the breeding values of the carcass weight, loin muscle area, back fat thickness and marbling score were analyzed using least square methods of SAS GLM. The marbling score of BB genotype was significantly higher than those of AA and AB genotypes(P<0.05). This result indicates that this polymorphism may be associated with the variation of marbling score. Further study is warranted to investigate the phenotypic association in Hanwoo.

• Korean Journal of Microbiology
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• v.50 no.2
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• pp.119-127
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• 2014

The affiliations and physiological characteristics of culturable bacteria isolated from the sediments of Ross Sea, Antarctica were investigated. Sixty-three isolates obtained by cultivation were grouped into 21 phylotypes affiliated with the phyla Actinobacteria and Bacteroidetes and with the classes Alphaproteobacteria and Gammaproteobacteria by phylogenetic analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences. Based on phylogenetic analysis (<98.65% sequence similarity), approximately 49% of total isolates represented potentially novel species or genus. Among them, extracellular protease, lipase, and exopolysaccharide activities at $10^{\circ}C$ or $20^{\circ}C$ were detected in approximately 46%, 25%, and 32% of the strains, respectively. Forty-three isolates produced at least one type of extracellular material and 21 of them produced at least two extracellular protease, lipase, and/or exopolysaccharides. Our findings indicate that culturable bacterial diversity present within the marine sediments of Ross Sea, Antarctica may contribute to the hydrolysis of the major organic constituents which is closely related with carbon and nitrogen cycling in this environment.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.46 no.4
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• pp.401-408
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• 2017

Salvia plebeia R. Br. (Lamiaceae) has been used in folk medicines in Asian countries, including Korea and China, to treat inflammatory diseases. The focus of our research was on the anti-adipogenic activity of ethanol extract from Salvia plebeia R. Br. (SPE) in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. This study investigated inhibition of differentiation and lipogenesis upon SPE treatment in 3T3-L1 cells. The results reveal that SPE at non-cytotoxic concentration significantly suppressed triglyceride accumulation and reduced expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma, CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein-alpha, and sterol regulatory element-binding protein as adipogenic transcription factors in 3T3-L1 adipocytes compared to non-treated control cells. Inducible phosphorylation of AMP-activated protein kinase, acetyl CoA carboxylase, and hormone-sensitive lipase as well as carnitine palmitoyltransferase-1 mRNA expression increased upon SPE treatment, which suppressed expression of fatty acid synthase. In conclusion, these results demonstrate that SPE can inhibit expression of adipogenic genes in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Our study suggests that SPE has potential anti-obesity effects and is a novel therapeutic functional agent with anti-adipogenic activity via reduction of lipogenesis.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.19 no.12
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• pp.1688-1694
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• 2009

A novel strain of fluorescent pseudomonad (PB-St2) was isolated from surface-sterilized stems of sugarcane grown in Pakistan. The bacterium was identified as Pseudomonas aurantiaca on the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis and results from physiological and biochemical characteristics carried out with API50 CH and QTS 24 bacterial identification kits. Assays using substrate-specific media for enzymes revealed lipase and protease activities but cellulase, chitinase, or pectinase were not detected. The bacterium was unable to solubilize phosphate or produce indole acetic acid. However, it did produce HCN, siderophores, and homoserine lactones. In dual culture assays on agar, the bacterium showed antifungal activity against an important pathogen of sugarcane in Pakistan, namely Colletotrichum falcatum, as well as for pathogenic isolates of Fusarium oxysporium and F. lateritium but not against F. solani. The antifungal metabolites were identified using thin-layer chromatography, UV spectra, and MALDI-TOFF spectra and shown to be phenazine-1-carboxylic acid (PCA), 2-hydroxyphenazine (2-OH-PHZ), and N-hexanoyl homoserine lactone (HHL) (assessed using only TLC data). The capacity of this bacterium to produce HCN and 2-OH-PHZ, as well as to inhibit the growth of C. falcatum, has not been previously reported.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Crop Science Conference
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• 2017.06a
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• pp.72-72
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• 2017

We found a new stay-green mutant from 'Pyeongwon' which is an early-maturing rice variety in Korea. The mutant showed green leaves after grain ripening period and it maintained higher SPAD value than wild type rice plant and original variety 'Pyeongwon'. The stay-green trait in rice, three genes have been identified up to date. The non-yellow coloring1 (NYC1) gene encodes a chloroplast-localized short-chain dehydrogenase/reductase (SDR) with three transmembrane domains. The non-yellow coloring3 (NYC3) gene encodes a plastid-localizing alpha/beta hydrolase-fold family protein with an esterase/lipase motif. The Sgr gene encodes a novel chloroplast protein and regulates the destabilization of the light-harvesting chlorophyll binding protein (LHCP) complexes of the thylakoid membranes, which is a prerequisite event for the degradation of chlorophylls and LHCPs during senescence. After sequencing the PCR products, we found a single nucleotide variation($A{\rightarrow}T$) in the NYC1 gene, which changes the amino acid lysine to methionine. The NYC1 gene encodes a short-chain dehydrogenase/reductase(SDR) protein. And we confirmed the co-segregation between SNP and stay-green trait from genotyping the progenies of the mutant.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.11-18
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• 2008

We created a cDNA microarray representing approximately 3,500 pig genes for functional genomic studies. The array elements were selected from 6,494 cDNA clones identified in a large-scale expressed sequence tag (EST) project. These cDNA clones came from normalized and subtracted porcine adipose tissue cDNA libraries. Sequence similarity searches of the 3,426 ESTs represented on the array using BLASTN identified 2,790 (81.4%) as putative human orthologs, with the remainder consisting of "novel" genes or highly divergent orthologs. We used the gene microarray to profile transcripts expressed by adipose tissue of fatty Chinese Xiang pig (XP) and muscley Large White (LW). Microarray analysis of RNA extracted from adipose tissue of fatty XP and muscley LW identified 81 genes that were differently expressed two fold or more. Transcriptional differences of four of these genes, adipocyte fatty acid binding protein (aP2), stearyl-CoA desaturase (SCD), sterol regulatory element binding transcription factor 1 (SREBF1) and lipoprotein lipase (LPL) were confirmed using SYBR Green quantitative RT-PCR technology. Our results showed that high expression of SCD and SREBF1 may be one of the reasons that larger fat deposits are observed in the XP. In addition, our findings also illustrate the potential power of microarrays for understanding the molecular mechanisms of porcine development, disease resistance, nutrition, fertility and production traits.

• Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.189-230
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• 2020

The metabolic syndrome, by definition, is not a disease but is a clustering of individual metabolic risk factors including abdominal obesity, hyperglycemia, hypertriglyceridemia, hypertension, and low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels. These risk factors could dramatically increase the prevalence of type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease. The reported prevalence of the metabolic syndrome varies, greatly depending on the definition used, gender, age, socioeconomic status, and the ethnic background of study cohorts. Clinical and epidemiological studies have clearly demonstrated that the metabolic syndrome starts with central obesity. Because the prevalence of obesity has doubly increased worldwide over the past 30 years, the prevalence of the metabolic syndrome has markedly boosted in parallel. Therefore, obesity has been recognized as the leading cause for the metabolic syndrome since it is strongly associated with all metabolic risk factors. High prevalence of the metabolic syndrome is not unique to the USA and Europe and it is also increasing in most Asian countries. Insulin resistance has elucidated most, if not all, of the pathophysiology of the metabolic syndrome because it contributes to hyperglycemia. Furthermore, a major contributor to the development of insulin resistance is an overabundance of circulating fatty acids. Plasma fatty acids are derived mainly from the triglycerides stored in adipose tissues, which are released through the action of the cyclic AMP-dependent enzyme, hormone sensitive lipase. This review summarizes the latest concepts in the definition, pathogenesis, pathophysiology, and diagnosis of the metabolic syndrome, as well as its preventive measures and therapeutic strategies in children and adolescents.

• Molecules and Cells
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• v.38 no.4
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• pp.336-342
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• 2015

Propyl gallate (PG) used as an additive in various foods has antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects. Although the functional roles of PG in various cell types are well characterized, it is unknown whether PG has effect on stem cell differentiation. In this study, we demonstrated that PG could inhibit adipogenic differentiation in human adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hAMSCs) by decreasing the accumulation of intracellular lipid droplets. In addition, PG significantly reduced the expression of adipocyte-specific markers including peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-${\gamma}$ (PPAR-${\gamma}$), CCAAT enhancer binding protein-${\alpha}$ (C/EBP-${\alpha}$), lipoprotein lipase (LPL), and adipocyte fatty acid-binding protein 2 (aP2). PG inhibited adipogenesis in hAMSCs through extracellular regulated kinase (ERK) pathway. Decreased adipogenesis following PG treatment was recovered in response to ERK blocking. Taken together, these results suggest a novel effect of PG on adipocyte differentiation in hAMSCs, supporting a negative role of ERK1/2 pathway in adipogenic differentiation.