• 수면정신생리
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• 제25권1호
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• pp.21-26
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• 2018

목 적 : 본 연구의 목적은 한국인에게 적합한 사회적 정서를 유발하는 자극(한국형 사회적 정서 유발 시각 자극, Korean Social Affective Visual Stimuli, K-SAVS)을 개발하는 것이다. 방 법 : K-SAVS는 극동 아시아인이 등장하는 사회적 상황의 사진들로 구성되었다. 각 사진은 부정적 정서 자극, 긍정적 정서 자극, 혹은 중립 자극으로 구성하였다. 24명의 피험자에게 긍정적 자극과 부정적 자극을 보여주고 정서가 및 각성수준에 대한 자가 평가 마네킹 척도를 작성하게 한 후, 다른 24명의 피험자들에게 부정적 자극과 중립 자극을 보여주고 같은 척도를 작성하게 하였다. 결 과 : 1차 실험에서 95개의 자극 사진 중 긍정적 정서자극 사진 1개 세트, 부정적 정서 자극 사진 2개 세트를 선정하였다. 각 세트는 18개의 사진으로 이루어졌다. 긍정적 정서 자극은 부정적 정사 자극 사진에 비해 호감도는 높았으며 (p < 0.001) 흥분도는 낮았다(p < 0.001). 2차 실험에서는 1차 선정된 사진들과 중립 자극 사진을 포함하여 79개의 사진 중 중립 자극 사진 1개 세트를 선정하였다. 중립 자극은 호감도는 높았으며(p < 0.001) 흥분도는 낮았다(p < 0.001). 결 론 : K-SAVS는 한국인에게 특정한 사회적 정서를 유발하는데 유용하게 사용할 수 있는 시각 자극이라 할 수 있다.

• Molecules and Cells
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• 제40권12호
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• pp.954-965
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• 2017

Mammalian genomes are well established, and highly conserved regions within odorant receptors that are unique from other G-protein coupled receptors have been identified. Numerous functional studies have focused on specific conserved amino acids motifs; however, not all conserved motifs have been sufficiently characterized. Here, we identified a highly conserved 18 amino acid sequence motif within transmembrane domain seven (CAS-TM7) which was identified by aligning odorant receptor sequences. Next, we investigated the expression pattern and distribution of this conserved amino acid motif among a broad range of odorant receptors. To examine the localization of odorant receptor proteins, we used a sequence-specific peptide antibody against CAS-TM7 which is specific to odorant receptors across species. The specificity of this peptide antibody in recognizing odorant receptors has been confirmed in a heterologous in vitro system and a rat-based in vivo system. The CAS-TM7 odorant receptors localized with distinct patterns at each region of the olfactory epithelium; septum, endoturbinate and ectoturbinate. To our great interests, we found that the CAS-TM7 odorant receptors are primarily localized to the dorsal region of the olfactory bulb, coinciding with olfactory epithelium-based patterns. Also, these odorant receptors were ectopically expressed in the various non-olfactory tissues in an evolutionary constrained manner between human and rats. This study has characterized the expression patterns of odorant receptors containing particular amino acid motif in transmembrane domain 7, and which led to an intriguing possibility that the conserved motif of odorant receptors can play critical roles in other physiological functions as well as olfaction.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• 제42권1호
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• pp.35-41
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• 2018

Background: Recently, we identified a novel ginseng-derived lysophosphatidic acid receptor ligand, called gintonin. We showed that gintonin induces $[Ca^{2+}]i$ transient-mediated morphological changes, proliferation, and migration in cells expressing lysophosphatidic acid receptors and that oral administration of gintonin exhibits anti-Alzheimer disease effects in model mice. However, little is known about the intestinal absorption of gintonin. The aim of this study was to investigate gintonin absorption using two model systems. Methods: Gintonin membrane permeation was examined using a parallel artificial membrane permeation assay, and gintonin absorption was evaluated in a mouse everted intestinal sac model. Results: The parallel artificial membrane permeation assay showed that gintonin could permeate an artificial membrane in a dose-dependent manner. In the everted sac model, gintonin absorption increased with incubation time (from 0 min to 60 min), followed by a decrease in absorption. Gintonin absorption into everted sacs was also dose dependent, with a nonlinear correlation between gintonin absorption and concentration at 0.1-3 mg/mL and saturation at 3-5 mg/mL. Gintonin absorption was inhibited by the Rho kinase inhibitor Y-27632 and the sodiumeglucose transporter inhibitor phloridzin. Moreover, lipid extraction with methanol also attenuated gintonin absorption, suggesting the importance of the lipid portion of gintonin in absorption. This result shows that gintonin might be absorbed through passive diffusion, paracellular, and active transport pathways. Conclusion: The present study shows that gintonin could be absorbed in the intestine through transcellular and paracellular diffusion, and active transport. In addition, the lipid component of gintonin might play a key role in its intestinal absorption.

• Investigative Magnetic Resonance Imaging
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.1-8
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• 2017

Purpose: To investigate the exchange and redistribution of hyperpolarized $^{13}C$ metabolites between different pools by temporally analyzing the relative fraction of dual $T_2{^*}$ components of hyperpolarized $^{13}C$ metabolites. Materials and Methods: A dual exponential decay analysis of $T_2{^*}$ is performed for [1-$^{13}C$] pyruvate and [1-$^{13}C$] lactate using nonspatially resolved dynamic $^{13}C$ MR spectroscopy from mice brains with tumors (n = 3) and without (n = 4) tumors. The values of shorter and longer $T_2{^*}$ components are explored when fitted from averaged spectrum and temporal variations of their fractions. Results: The $T_2{^*}$ values were not significantly different between the tumor and control groups, but the fraction of longer $T_2{^*}$ [1-$^{13}C$] lactate components was more than 10% in the tumor group over that of the controls (P < 0.1). The fraction of shorter $T_2{^*}$ components of [1-$^{13}C$] pyruvate showed an increasing tendency while that of the [1-$^{13}C$] lactate was decreasing over time. The slopes of the changing fraction were steeper for the tumor group than the controls, especially for lactate (P < 0.01). In both pyruvate and lactate, the fraction of the shorter $T_2{^*}$ component was always greater than the longer $T_2{^*}$ component over time. Conclusion: The exchange and redistribution of pyruvate and lactate between different pools was investigated by dual component analysis of the free induction decay signal from hyperpolarized $^{13}C$ experiments. Tumor and control groups showed differences in their fractions rather than the values of longer and shorter $T_2{^*}$ components. Fraction changing dynamics may provide an aspect for extravasation and membrane transport of pyruvate and lactate, and will be useful to determine the appropriate time window for acquisition of hyperpolarized $^{13}C$ images.

• BMB Reports
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• 제44권12호
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• pp.799-804
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• 2011

Gangliosides play an important role in neuronal differentiation processes. The regulation of ganglioside levels is related to the induction of neuronal cell differentiation. In this study, the ST8Sia5 gene was transfected into mESCs and then differentiated into neuronal cells. Interestingly, ST8Sia5 gene transfected mESCs expressed GQ1b by HPTLC and immunofluorescence analysis. To investigate the effects of GQ1b over-expression in neurogenesis, neuronal cells were differentiated from GQ1b expressing mESCs in the presence of retinoic acid. In GQ1b expressing mESCs, increased EBs formation was observed. After 4 days, EBs were co-localized with GQ1b and nestin, and GFAP. Moreover, GQ1b co-localized with MAP-2 expressing cells in GQ1b expressing mESCs in 7-day-old EBs. Furthermore, GQ1b expressing mESCs increased the ERK1/2 MAP kinase pathway. These results suggest that the ST8Sia5 gene increases ganglioside GQ1b and improves neuronal differentiation via the ERK1/2 MAP kinase pathway.

• 인지과학
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• 제31권1호
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• pp.1-23
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• 2020

이 논문에서는 지난 40여 년 동안 인지심리학에서 가장 중요한 모형 가운데 하나이며 근래에는 인지신경과학에서도 중요한 자리를 차지하고 있는 Ratcliff의 확산(diffusion)모형을 분석하는 도구 SNUDM을 소개한다. SNUDM은 확산과정을 Ratcliff & Tuerlinckx(2002)에 소개된 방식으로 단순 무작위걷기(random walk)를 묘사했다. 구체적으로, 모형이 생성하는 반응시간 분포는 주어진 파라미터 값들에서 작은 걸음으로 무작위걷기를 하여 일정 수준에 다다를 때까지 걸린 시간들로 이루어졌고, 모형의 파라미터 추정치는 단순도형(Simplex) 방식을 이용하여 실험 자료와 생성된 분포를 비교하기 위해 계산된 카이제곱값을 최소화하는 파라미터의 값을 사용한다. 사용의 간편함을 위해, 입력 파일은 반응시간의 분위수(quantile), 시행수와 기타 정보를 담은 파일로 간단하게 했고, 프로그램 작동에 필요한 피험자 수와 조건 수 등은 질문에 답을 하는 방식으로 입력하도록 했으며, 조건에 따라 비교할 파라미터와 그렇지 않고 고정할 파라미터도 미리 지정하도록 했다. 분석도구 SNUDM이 파라미터 값을 제대로 찾아내는지를 알아보기 위해 Ratcliff, Gomez, & McKoon(2004)의 실험1 자료를 써서 검토한 결과, 그들이 보고한 실험 조건들 사이에서 보인 상대적인 표집율의 크기에서 동일한 패턴을 얻었다. 또한 SNUDM으로 생성된 자료를 DMAT과 fast-dm의 자료와 비교해 보았을 때 SNUDM은 시행수가 적을 경우에는 경계 파라미터를 fast-dm과는 비슷한 값을 추정하였고 DMAT보다는 작은 값으로 추정했으나 시행수가 많은 경우에는 세 도구 모두 비슷하게 파라미터를 추정하는 것을 확인하였다.

• 대한한의학회지
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• 제31권1호
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• pp.138-152
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• 2010

Objective: Yikgeebohyul-tang (Yiqib$\check{u}$xu$\grave{e}$-t$\bar{a}$ng) is one of the representative prescriptions for invigoration of vitality and nourishing of the blood. This study was carried out to investigate the effects of Yikgeebohyul-tang (Yiqib$\check{u}$xu$\grave{e}$-t$\bar{a}$ng) on hair regrowth and cytokine changes in a shaving model of C57BL6 mice. Method: Five-week-old mice were acclimated for 1 week at a temperature between $21-23^{\circ}C{\acute{E}}$, 40-60% relative humidity, and 12h of a light/dark cycle before beginning of the experiment. There were two groups including normal saline (control) and a positive control of oral intake of Yikgeebohyul-tang (Yiqib$\check{u}$xu$\grave{e}$-t$\bar{a}$ng) extract (sample) in 18 female mice. The test compounds were topically treated once a day over 14 days. The hair regrowth was photographically and histologically determined during the experimental period of 14 days. Revelation of TGF-${\beta}1$ and EGF were also determined using immunohistochemistry. In addition to that, IFN-$\gamma$, IL-4 and IL-10 were determined in serum. Results: Hair regrowth in the sample group was promoted earlier and faster than the control group, as shown by concentrations of hairs and thick-hair ratio in the sample group. TGF-${\beta}1$ was not revealed in either control or sample group. EGF was strongly positive in out root sheath of some thick hair of the sample group. Serum IFN-$\gamma$ was significantly decreased in the sample group compared with the control group at 7 experimental days. However, it was not significantly decreased at 14 experimental days. Serum IL-4 was significantly increased in the sample group compared with the control group at 7 experimental days. However, it was not significantly decreased at 14 experimental days. Serum IL-10 was decreased in the sample group compared with the control group, but with no real statistical significance. Conclusion: These results suggest that Yikgeebohyul-tang (Yiqib$\check{u}$xu$\grave{e}$-t$\bar{a}$ng) has hair growth promoting activity and it can be used for treatment of alopecia. Also, these effects relate to EGF revelation of hair roots, a decrease in serum IFN-$\gamma$, and an increase of serum IL-4.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.428-435
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• 2003

This research was performed to examine an anti-inflammatory effects of Gamisangryosamul-Tang(GSS) and anti-pruritus effects of Ziyang-Go(Salve). This study was processed by three experiments; Experiment 1: Inhibitory activity of GSS extract on the degranulation of mast cell and histamine release in plasma induced by compound 48/80 i.p, injection after the pretreatment of GSS extract i.p, injection in Sprague-Dawley rats, Experiment 2: Anti-inflammatory effect of GSS extract on macropharge raw 264,7 cells treated by LPS 250 ppm (before 2 hours). Experiment 3: Measurement of passive cutaneous anaphylaxis and atopic dermatitis using NC/Nga mice, GSS extract inhibited histamine release by 70% compared to compound 48/80 treated control group and histologically significantly reduced (P<0,01) the degranulation of mast cell in SD rats. In GSS extract treated group, the expression of TNF-α in macropharge cell showed the remarkable inhibitory effect about 62% (P<0,01) compared to LPS treated control group. The expression of IL-6 appeared more effective by 46% than the LPS treated control group and by 6% compared to hydrocortison treated group, Comparing with steroid (0.05% prednisolon) ointment, Ziyan-Go treated group showed the significant(30%) recovery on skin response index in atopic dermatis like anaphylaxis mice(NC/Nga), Finally, in scratching behavioral tests of NC/Nga mice for three weeks, Ziyang-Go treated group significantly (P<0.05) suppressed the pruritus on the face, neck, ears and dorsal skin than inbred NC/Nga mice. However, the change of IgE and IFN-γ from the spleen cell of NC/Nga mice was not significantly different between the oral intake of GSS extract group and of saline intaked control group. Summary and Conclusion: This study demons trates that Ziyang-go have the equal anti-pruritus effect to steroid ointment and GSS extract have the notable immunologic activity on inflammatory in vivo and in vitro model. Advanced experiment of this study will be required for more reliable information about the correlation between the lymphokine (i.e. IgE) and the anti-allergic effects of GSS.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제17권4호
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• pp.312-318
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• 2016

본 연구는 마음챙김기반 자비명상프로그램이 배우자를 상실한 여성노인의 뇌 활성과 스트레스에 미치는 영향을 분석하기 위하여 2 channel EEG(Electroencephalogram)를 통해 검증하였다. 실험대상은 Y군 소재 65세~75세의 여성노인 60명으로, 30명은 실험집단으로, 30명은 통제집단으로 선정하였다. 연구기간은 2015년 8월에서 2015년 11월까지 매주 1회기씩, 회기 당 60분씩, 총 16회기로 프로그램을 실시하였다. 프로그램은 몸과 마음을 연결해서 통합적으로 치유할 수 있도록 하는 마음챙김과 자기 자신을 향한 사랑, 연민과 자비심 계발을 위한 자비명상을 접목하여 마음챙김기반 자비명상프로그램을 개발한 것이다. 실험결과, 실험집단에서 활성지수 우뇌 사전/사후(82.51/85.83, p<.013)의 변화를 보였으며(유의수준 p=.05). 항스트레스지수는 좌뇌(74.71/71.17, p<.050)로 나타났다. 활성지수는 뇌의 정신적 활동과 행동성향을 판단할 수 있는 지표이고, 항 스트레스지수는 육체적, 정신적 스트레스를 나타내는 지수이다. 본 연구는 마음챙김기반 자비명상프로그램이 배우자 상실을 경험한 여성 노인의 뇌 활성과 스트레스를 향상시킬 수 있는 방법으로서 효용과 가치가 있다는 것을 뇌과학적으로 분석한 것에 의의가 있다.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제16권4호
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• pp.2684-2690
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• 2015

본 연구는 고등학생의 자아존중감이 적응유연성에 미치는 영향관계에서 학교생활만족도의 매개효과를 규명하고, 뇌기능 지수와 적응유연성의 상관관계를 확인하기 위해 시도되었다. 본 서술적 조사연구는 2012년 11월 22일부터 12월 23일까지, S시 J 고등학교에 재학 중인 여학생 145명을 대상으로 구조화된 설문지와 뇌기능 프로그램으로 자료 수집을 하였다. 자료 분석은 SPSS 21.0으로 피어슨 상관계수와 3단계 매개 회귀분석기법을 활용하였다. 뇌기능 지수 가운데 스트레스저항지수가 적응유연성과 높은 상관관계를 보였으며, 주의지수와 뇌지수가 유의미한 상관관계가 있는 것으로 나타났다. 그리고 자아존중감이 적응유연성에 미치는 영향관계에서 학교생활만족도의 매개효과를 확인하였다. 본 연구 결과를 통해, 적응유연성과 관련된 연구에서 뇌기능 지수 특히 스트레스저항지수를 사정하고, 청소년의 다양한 부적응 문제를 감소시키기 위한 예방적, 치료적 중재 시 자아존중감, 학교생활만족도와 같은 적응유연성의 영향요인을 고려할 것을 기대한다.